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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive flash x-ray generator utilizing a simple diode with a new type of energy-selective function (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2343-2348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction and the fundamental studies of a repetitive flash x-ray generator having a simple diode with an energy-selective function are described. This generator consisted of the following components: a constant high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage pulser, a repetitive high-energy impulse switching system, a turbo molecular pump, and a flash x-ray tube. The circuit of this pulser employed a modified two-stage surge Marx generator with a capacity during main discharge of 425pF. The x-ray tube was of the demountable-diode type which was connected to the turbo molecular pump and consisted of the following major devices: a rod-shaped anode tip made of tungsten, a disk cathode made of graphite, an aluminum filter, and a tube body made of glass. Two condensers inside of the pulser were charged from 40 to 60 kV, and the output voltage was about 1.9 times the charging voltage. The peak tube voltage was primarily determined by the anode-cathode (A-C) space, and the peak tube current was less than 0.6 kA. The peak tube voltage slightly increased when the charging voltage was increased, but the amount of change rate was small. Thus, the maximum photon energy could be easily controlled by varying the A-C space. The pulse width ranged from 40 to 100 ns, and the x-ray intensity was less than 1.0 μC/kg at 0.3 m per pulse. The repetitive frequency was less than 50 Hz, and the effective focal spot size was determined by the diameter of the anode tip and ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faraday rotation densitometry for Large Helical Device : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1073-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A CO2 laser polarimeter to measure the Faraday rotation in the large helical device (LHD) was developed and installed on a LHD. A CO2 laser whose wavelength is 10.6 μm was selected to avoid effects of the refraction. The Faraday rotation angle along toroidally tangential chords is of the order of one degree. The polarimeter utilizes the frequency-shift heterodyne technique with the use of acousto-optic modulators for high resolution. This polarimeter can be operated with a maximum of three channels. The accuracy of the Faraday rotation angle with a time resolution of 16 ms is about 0.01 deg by digital complex demodulation. We succeeded in performing preliminary measurements of the Faraday rotation angle from LHD plasmas and the values were 10%–30% larger than those estimated with the electron density profiles from interferometry. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321742
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ohmic contacts formation on n-InP (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7058-7061 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the correlation between contact resistance, heat treatment, and micro structure in ohmic contacts on n-InP. The samples consisted of three different structures: 50 nm-Ni/200 nm-AuGe/n-InP, Au/100 nm-Pt/100 nm-Ti/50 nm-Ni/n-InP, and 200 nm-Au/100 nm-Pt/100 nm-Ti/50 nm-Ni/200 nm-AuGe/n-InP. After annealing the samples, depth profiles obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy and ion sputtering showed a tendency of the Ge to migrate from the Au–Ge alloy towards the Ni layer, as well as an accumulation of Ni at the semiconductor interface. A Ni–P phase is identified as being responsible for the ohmic character of the metal/InP interface. Specific contact resistivities were measured for the three different types of metallizations. We observed that the resistivity is sensitive to the annealing temperature and related to the amount of Ni at the metal/InP interface. The use of overlayers is suggested to avoid migration of the semiconductor components towards the contact surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362655
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some new spiro penicillins (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 4856-4859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00419a031
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive flash x-ray generator having a high-durability diode driven by a two-cable-type line pulser (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 850-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The fundamental studies of a repetitive soft flash x-ray generator having a high-durability diode for high-speed radiography in biomedical and technological fields are described. This generator consisted of the following essential components: a constant negative high-voltage power supply, a line-type high-voltage pulser with two 10 m coaxial-cable condensers, each with a capacity of 1.0 nF, a thyratron pulser as a trigger device, an oil-diffusion pump, and a flash x-ray tube. The x-ray tube was of a diode type which was evacuated by an oil-diffusion pump with a pressure of approximately 6.7×10−3 Pa and was composed of a planar tungsten anode, a planar ferrite cathode, and a polymethylmethacrylate tube body. The space between the anode and cathode electrodes (AC space) could be regulated from the outside of the tube. The two cable condensers were charged from −40 to −60 kV by a power supply, and the output voltage was about −1.5 times the charged voltage. Both the first peak voltage and current increased according to increases in the charged voltage, and the maximum values of the voltage and current were about 90 kV and 0.72 kA, respectively. The pulse widths had values of less than 100 ns, and the maximum x-ray intensity was approximately 1.1 μC/kg at 0.5 m per pulse. The repetition rate was less than 54 Hz, and the maximum focal spot size was about 2.0×2.5 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kilohertz-range flash x-ray generator utilizing a triode in conjunction with an extremely hot cathode (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2115-2120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction and the fundamental studies of a kilohertz-range flash x-ray generator having a triode in conjunction with an extremely hot cathode are described. This generator consisted of the following components: a constant-high voltage power supply, an energy storage condenser of 100 nF, a constant high-voltage power supply for regulating an initial grid voltage of −1.6 kV, a grid pulser, and an x-ray tube. The x-ray tube was of an enclosed-triode type and consisted of the following major parts: an anode rod made of copper, a plane anode tip (target) made of tungsten, a focusing electrode made of iron, a hot cathode (filament) made of tungsten, a grid made from tungsten wire, and a glass tube body. The energy storage condenser was charged from 50 to 70 kV, and the electric charges in the condenser were discharged repetitively to the x-ray tube by the grid electrode driven by the grid pulser. The temperature of the filament was about 2000 K, and the cathode current was primarily controlled by the grid voltage and its value was less than 1.2 A. The pulse widths were about 1 μs and the maximum repetitive frequency was about 2.0 kHz. The x-ray intensity was 19.7 nC/kg at 0.5 m per pulse with a peak grid voltage of 1.0 kV and a condenser charged voltage of 70 kV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142376
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-intensity flash x-ray apparatus for biomedical radiography (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1399-1408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction of a soft flash x-ray (FX) apparatus with a new type of FX tube for biomedical use is described. The FX apparatus may be used for condenser charging voltages of 50–90 kV and peak currents of 20–40 kA. The electric pulse width of the FX waveforms was almost constant and its value was about 0.3 μs. The effective focal spot varied according to the condenser charging voltage, the anode–cathode (A–C) distance, etc., ranging from 0.2–3.0 mm in diameter. We selected two combinations of electrodes: (a) for normal focusing and a high dose rate; (b) for fine focusing and a low dose rate. The FX intensity was determined by the condenser charging voltage and the A–C distance, while the FX quality (average spectrum distribution) was determined by the average voltage of the FX tube and insertion of metal filters. The average voltage of the FX tube varied according to the condenser charging voltage and the A–C gap impedance. Various clear FX images were obtained by controlling the FX intensity, quality, and the focal spot size. We used Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) in conjunction with our FX radiography, and by controlling the FX quality and the focal spot size, we obtained some interesting biomedical radiograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138609
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiberoptic heterodyne magnetic field sensor for long-pulsed fusion devices : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A heterodyne polarimeter which measures the Faraday effect has been under development as a magnetic field sensor for long-pulsed fusion devices. The wavelength of laser beam was chosen to be 850 nm since the radiation-induced loss in optical fibers is significant below 800 nm while the Faraday rotation angle decreases with increasing wavelength. By the use of a distributed Bragg reflector laser diode and a Faraday isolator, excellent stability of phase measurement was attained. The phase resolution was raised to up to 0.02° by the digital complex demodulation and digital bandpass filtering of beat signals. Although the Verdet constant of heavily Tb3+-doped paramagnetic glass is larger than that of ZnSe by about a factor of 1.4, ZnSe is superior to the former in terms of negligible temperature dependence. With a 40-mm-long ZnSe sensing rod, resolutions of the magnetic field strength of about 5 and 2 G were found to be possible with time responses of 1 and 10 ms, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1316751
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody HML-1 reactivity with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and other lymphomas (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 25 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a causative virus of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), is known to be transmitted by breast-feeding. Using a monoclonal antibody HML-1 which labels human intestinal intra-epithelial T lymphocytes, we have immunohistochemically examined ATLL tissues in order to evaluate the possibility that HTLV-1 infected intestinal T cells are the origin of ATLL cells. Previously this antibody was reported to react with intestinal T-cell malignant lymphomas but not with peripheral tumours, or any B-cell lymphomas. We investigated 181 patients with malignant lymphomas and found that 19 out of 113 ATLLs were positive for HML-1. T-cell malignant lymphomas excluding ATLL also reacted with HML-1 (7/24), but all the B-cell lymphomas 0/33) and non-neoplastic lymph node and skin lesions (0/10) were negative for HML-1. In patients with ATLL and other T-cell malignant lymphomas, the positivity level of HML-1 was relatively higher in stomach (3/7) and tonsil (2/6) than that in lymph nodes (15/100) and skin (8/47). We observed one HML-1 positive ATLL patient with tumour formation in the skin and lymphadenopathy and marked infiltration of the large intestine but minimal involvement of other organs. Although HML-1 was frequently expressed in gastric infiltration of ATLL, the level of positivity was too low in lymph nodes to support the hypothesis that HTLV-1 infected intestinal T cells are the origin of ATLL cells. Some of the HML-1 positive ATLL cases co-expressed CD30. Furthermore, three of six cases of Ki-1 lymphoma (large anaplastic cell lymphoma) were positive for HML-1. We conclude that expression of HML-1 in ATLL reflects an activated state of the lymphoma cells, but not the intestinal origin of ATLL cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01322.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Lewis X-related antigens in adenocarcinomas of lung (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 22 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fifty primary lung adenocarcinomas were examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to determine changes in the expression of N-acetyl-lactosamine (blood group type-2 chain), Lex, LeY and sialyl Lex-i. These antigens were expressed in 60%, 70%, 90% and 94% of carcinomas, respectively; in 8%, 12%, 56% and 86% of normal broncho-bronchiolar epithelium; and in 32%, 0%, 100% and 0% of normal alveolar epithelium. The greater the complexity of the antigenic structure, the greater the incidence of positive staining in the adenocarcinomas. Although the more complex antigens such as sialyl Lex-i and LeY have also been demonstrated in the sera of lung cancer patients, they were not always cancer-selective in our immunohistochemical study. In contrast, the less complex antigens such as N-acetyl-lactosamine (type-2 chain) and Lex seem to be cancer-selective, as they showed low positivity in normal lung tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00175.x
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