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  • 11
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    THE FRANCO-BRITISH COMMERCIAL TREATY OF 1786 (1908)
    Harlow, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    English Historical Review. 23 (1908) 709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-8266
    Topics: History
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0027-1908-023-00-000035
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  • 12
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    THE MISSIONS OF WILLIAM GRENVILLE TO THE HAGUE AND VERSAILLES IN 1787 (1909)
    Harlow, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    English Historical Review. 24 (1909) 278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-8266
    Topics: History
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0027-1909-024-00-000038
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  • 13
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    PITT AND THE CAMPAIGN OF 1793 IN FLANDERS (1909)
    Harlow, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    English Historical Review. 24 (1909) 744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-8266
    Topics: History
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0027-1909-024-00-000039
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fresip: A mission to determine the character and frequency of extra-solar planets around solar-like stars (1996)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 241 (1996), S. 111-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract FRESIP (FRequency of Earth-Sized Inner Planets) is a mission designed to detect and characterize Earth-sizes planets around solar-like stars. The sizes of the planets are determined from the decrease in light from a star that occurs during planetary transits, while the orbital period is determined from the repeatability of the transits. Measurements of these parameters can be compared to theories that predict the spacing of planets, their distribution of size with orbital distance, and the variation of these quantities with stellar type and multiplicity. Because thousands of stars must be continually monitored to detect the transits, much information on the stars can be obtained on their rotation rates and activity cycles. Observations of p-mode oscillations also provide information on their age and composition. These goals are accomplished by continuously and simultaneously monitoring 500 solar-like stars for evidence of brightness changes caused by Earth-sized or larger planetary transits. To obtain the high precision needed to find planets as small as the Earth and Venus around solar-like stars, a wide field of view Schmidt telescope with an array of CCD detectors at its focal plane must be located outside of the Earth's at mosphere. SMM (Solar Maximum Mission) observations of the low-level variability of the Sun (∼1:100,000) on the time scales of a transit (4 to 16 hours), and our laboratory measurements of the photometric precision of charge-coupled devices (1:100,000) show that the detection of planets as small as the Earth is practical. The probability for detecting transits is quite favorable for planets in inner orbits. If other planetary systems are similar to our own, then approximately 1% of those systems will show transits resulting in the discovery of 50 planetary systems in or near the habitable zone of solar-like stars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644220
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of systemically administered human anticerebellar antibody by rat Purkinje cells following blood-brain barrier disruption (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Purkinje cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Human anticerebellar antibody ; Rat ; Paraneoplastic syndromes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration accompanying gynecological or breast malignancies is frequently associated with an autoantibody response, termed “type I” or “anti-Yo” directed against cytoplasmic antigens of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The role of this antibody response in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is unknown; however, it is also not known whether anti-Purkinje cell antibodies from the systemic circulation bind to target Purkinje cell antigens under the conditions of brain inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, which are frequently present at the onset of cerebellar symptoms. Inbred Lewis rats received intraperitoneal injections of type I or normal IgG in the setting of blood-brain barrier disruption induced by adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and were killed after 24, 48, and 96h. Brains of these animals were studied histologically for evidence of EAE and immunohistochemically for binding of human or endogenous rat IgG to target neurons. Rat IgG was detected around vessels and in Purkinje cells of all animals studied. Human IgG was detected around vessels of all animals. In animals examined 96 h after receiving type I human IgG, human IgG was identified within processes of Purkinje cells and within occasional Purkinje cell bodies. Uptake of type I IgG by other cell types was not observed, and neuronal uptake of IgG was not seen in brains of animals receiving normal human IgG. Our data demonstrate that circulating type I IgG is internalized by cerebellar Purkinje cells in the setting of blood-brain barrier disruption and suggest a mechanism by which an antibody response directed against cytoplasmic antigens of Purkinje cells may reach target antigens at the onset of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309627
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of systemically administered human anticerebellar antibody by rat Purkinje cells following blood-brain barrier disruption (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Purkinje cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Human anticerebellar antibody ; Rat ; Paraneoplastic syndromes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration accompanying gynecological or breast malignancies is frequently associated with an autoantibody response, termed "type I" or "anti-Yo" directed against cytoplasmic antigens of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The role of this antibody response in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is unknown; however, it is also not known whether anti-Purkinje cell antibodies from the systemic circulation bind to targe t Purkinje cell antigens under the conditions of brain inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, which are frequently present at the onset of cerebellar symptoms. Inbred Lewis rats received intraperitoneal injections of type I or normal IgG in the setting of blood-brain barrier disruption induced by adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and were killed after 24, 48, and 96 h. Brains of these animals were studied histologically for evidence of EAE and immunohistochemically for binding of human or endogenous rat IgG to target neurons. Rat IgG was detected around vessels and in Purkinje cells of all animals studied. Human IgG was detected around vessels of all animals. In animals examined 96 h after receiving type I human IgG, human IgG was identified within processes of Purkinje cells and within occasional Purkinje cell bodies. Uptake of type I IgG by other cell types was not observed, and neuronal uptake of IgG was not seen in brains of animals receiving normal human IgG. Ou r data demonstrate that circulating type I IgG is internalized by cerebellar Purkinje cells in the setting of blood-brain barrier disruption and suggest a mechanism by which an antibody response directed against cytoplasmic antigens of Purkinje cells may reach target antigens at the onset of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309627
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condensation heat transfer (1999)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 35 (1999), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper gives a brief description of some of the better understood aspects of condensation heat transfer and includes discussion of the liquid-vapour interface, natural and forced convection laminar film condensation and dropwise condensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050351
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 123 (1996), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ; Attention ; Treatment ; Nicotine skin patches
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute, placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine whether nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment of adults with ADHD symptomatology. Six smokers and 11 nonsmokers who were outpatient referrals for ADHD were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatment effect included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, Hopkins' symptom check list (SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task. The smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and were given a 21 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. The nonsmokers were given a 7 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session. Active and placebo patches were given in a counterbalanced order approximately 1 week apart. Nicotine caused a significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on the CGI. This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were considered, which indicated that it was not due merely to withdrawal relief. Nicotine caused significantly increased vigor as measured by the POMS test. Nicotine caused an overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the CPT, as well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction in another index of inattention, variability in reaction time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved accuracy of time estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation response curves. Because improvements occurred among nonsmokers, the nicotine effect appears not to be merely a relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that nicotine deserves further clincal trials with ADHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246281
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naltrexone blockade of nicotine effects in cigarette smokers (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Nicotine ; Smoking ; Naltrexone ; Opiates ; Mechanism ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rationale: The role of endogenous opiate systems in cigarette smoking remains unclear. In laboratory animals, opiate antagonists block many of the effects of nicotine, but in humans they do not consistently alter smoking behavior. Objective: This study explored the effects of naltrexone, alone and in combination with nicotine, on smoking behavior. Methods: In a double-blind, double-dummy, within-subjects design, 19 regular smokers received four treatments of 1 week duration: naltrexone tablet (50 mg) plus placebo skin patch, placebo tablet plus nicotine skin patch (21 mg/24 h), naltrexone tablet plus nicotine skin patch, and placebo tablet plus placebo skin patch. During each treatment, subjects rated their responses to nicotine-containing and denicotinized cigarettes in the laboratory, and to their own brand of cigarette smoked ad libitum outside the laboratory. Results: Pretreatment with the nicotine patch attenuated smoking-induced decreases in craving, negative affect, and rates of ad lib smoking, and potentiated the aversiveness of a cigarette. Naltrexone reversed these effects of the nicotine patch, and produced negative effects on mood. Conclusions: The blockade of nicotine’s effects by naltrexone supports a role for opioid mechanisms in cigarette smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050957
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic Guided Wave NDT for Hidden Corrosion Detection (1998)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 10 (1998), S. 205-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. An experimental study of hidden corrosion detection by using ultrasonic guided waves is presented combined with a BEM numerical simulation. Both corrosion simulation specimens by machine cutting and real corrosion specimens by electrochemical processing were used in the investigation, with a range of corrosion depths from 0.02 to 0.4 mm (1.5 to 20% of the original plate thickness). Various wave modes were subsequently generated on these specimens to examine the implications of thinning on mode cutoff, group velocity, and transmission and reflection amplitudes. The transmission and reflection of guided waves upon entering the corrosion zone were simulated by a hybrid BEM calculation that combines a normal mode expansion technique of Lamb waves for far fields with the boundary element representation for the scattered near fields. A quantitative technique for hidden corrosion depth with guided waves is developed based on a frequency compensation concept. The estimated depth of the real corrosion by this method shows good agreement with that by an optical microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003908
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