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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A least squares method for finding the preisach hysteresis operator from measurements (1989)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 55 (1989), S. 695-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65D10 ; CR:G1.2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A finite element like least squares method is introduced for determining the density function in the Preisach hysteresis model from overdeterined measured data. It is shown that the least squares error depends on the quality of the data and the best approximations to the analytic density. For consistent data criteria are given for convergence of the approximate density and Preisach operator with increasing measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389337
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of NPY-immunoreactivity in the cat's visual cortex (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1986), S. 364-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: NPY-immunohistochemistry ; Morphology of NPY-neurones ; Cat's visual cortical areas 17, 18 and 19
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a polyclonal antiserum against neuropeptide Y (NPY; J.M. Allen et al. 1983a) immunohistochemistry was carried out using the PAP method. Neurones displaying NPY-like immunoreactivity are seen mainly in cortical layers V/ VI, adjacent white matter and corona radiata. Only few neurones occur in superficial layers II/III. Neurones are multipolar to bitufted with spineless dendrites; somata are either round (layers V, II/III) or spindle-like (layer VI, white matter) with diameters between 16 and 20 μm. Axones were identified by their initial smoother profiles, which are smaller in diameter than principal dendrites, by their typical branching pattern and the occurrence of terminal portions. It was found, that the degree of axonal ramification in proximal parts of axones is rather poor. Most NPY-neurones seem to project intracortically or even locally, except neurones in layers VI and the white matter. The latter neurones have ascending axonal branches terminating in layer VI and V, thus contributing to the dense NPY-plexus in these layers, whereas some layer VI neurones have axonal branches descending into the white matter. The axonal plexus in upper cortical layers is most probably fed by the ascending axones of layer V neurones, passing layer IVc in a strictly vertical direction. Fine smooth fibers of unknown origin which ascend from the white matter in a vertical direction through the grey matter also contribute to the plexus in layer II/III. In semithin sectioned material three terminal types were identified. Firstly, en passant boutons on immunnegative pyramidal neurones, secondly, perisomatically arranged, basket-like terminals, bending around unstained non-pyramidal neurones, and thirdly, about 60 μm long vertically oriented rows of boutons exclusively on apical dendrites of layer II/III pyramidal neurones. Due to the unconspicious axonal pattern and the frequently observed basket-like terminal form, we conclude that most NPY-ir neurones can be regarded as a class of unspecific local field basket cells; the origin of the vertically arranged bouton rows has been yet to determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239525
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of the critical heat flux over a cylinder in a cross flow on the thermal resistances of tube wall and heating medium (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 22 (1988), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchung wurde durchgeführt um experimentell den Einfluß des thermischen Widerstandes der Rohrwand und des heizenden Mediums (innen) auf die kritische Wärmestromdichte über einen horizontalen Zylinder großen Durchmessers, der quer angeströmt wird, zu bestimmen. Die Anströmrichtung wurde senkrecht zur Erdgravitation gewählt. Die variierten Parameter waren das Rohrmaterial, die Rohrdicke, der Durchsatz des heizenden Mediums, die ungestörte Anströmgeschwindigkeit und Unterkühlung des Kühlmittels. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden diskutiert und eine qualitative Erklärung für die experimentellen Befunde wurde gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract This investigation has been carried out to determine experimentally the influence of the thermal resistances of the tube wall and the heating medium (inside flow) on the critical heat flux over a cylinder of large diameter placed horizontally in a cross flow. The cross flow was normal to earth gravity. The parameters varied were the tube material, tube thickness, flow rate of heating medium, undisturbed cross velocity of the coolant and coolant subcooling. The experimental results are discussed and a qualitative explanation for the experimental findings is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387886
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of K+- and Na+-sensitive theta-microelectrodes with fine tips: an easy method with high yield (1985)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 404 (1985), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Theta-microelectrodes ; K+-sensitive microelectrodes ; Na+-sensitive microelectrodes ; Gall-bladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new method is described to prepare theta-microelectrodes with tips up to 0.15 μm diameter controlled under scanning electron microscope. K+- and Na+-sensitive resins were tested. Method features are the following: i) hard drying of the glass, ii) rehydration of one channel and weak wetting of the other with a three-methylchlorosilane solution before pulling, iii) simultaneous presence of water and silane in the two channels during pulling, iv) gradual silanization from the tip to the shank. Selective and conventional channels did not affect each other and no displacements of resins were observed. The change of potential difference of the selective channel was more than −50 mV/decade. Apical membrane potentials and cell Na+ and K+ activities of the epithelial cells of rabbit gall-bladder (cell diameter: 5–10 μm) were measured with these theta-microelectrodes and with single-barrel microelectrodes of similar tip size: results obtained were not significantly different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585352
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivatives of rhenium trichloride (1987)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 492-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447932
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bromides of indium revisited (1987)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 491-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447931
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NaU2Cl6, a reduced metallic chloride of uranium (1989)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 118-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366602
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfate as tridentate ligand (1988)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 75 (1988), S. 308-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367323
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximating linearizations for nonlinear systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Given a nonlinear control system $$\dot x(t) = f(x(t)) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {u_i (t)g_i (x(t))}$$ on ℝ n and a pointx 0 in ℝ n , we want to approximate the system nearx 0 by a linear system. Of course, one approach is to use the usual Taylor series linearization. However, the controllability properties of both the nonlinear and linear systems depend on certain Lie brackets of the vector field under consideration. This suggests that we should construct a linear approximation based on Lie bracket matching atx 0. In general, the linearizations based on the Taylor method and the Lie bracket approach are different. However, under certain mild assumptions, we show that there is a coordinate system for ℝ n nearx 0 in which these two types of linearizations agree. We indicate the importance of this agreement by examining the time responses of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation and comparing the lower-order kernels in Volterra expansions of each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599618
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the noble metals in chromites and other geological materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 113 (1987), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is described for determining the noble metals in geological samples of varied composition (Si enriched or Cr enriched). This rapid separation procedure allows very low detection limits for all PGE (except Rh) and Ag. It uses the coprecipitation of Pd, Pt, Au, Ag and Ru with Se and Te, and the fixation of Os on an ion-exchange resin. Ir is systematically determined by epithermal NAA using multiparameter coincidence spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036055
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