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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 13 (1970), S. 363-376 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Funktionen der Maxillartaster von Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.), Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) und Chortippus parallelus (Zett.) wurden unter Anwendung verschiedener Verfahren untersucht. Die Tasterbewegungen wurden kinematographisch analysiert und als Schlagen und Tasten klassifiziert; das letztere tritt hauptsächlich kurz vor und nach, aber ebenso gut auch während der Nahrungsaufnahme auf. Die Sensillen an den Tasterenden berühren beim Tasten häufig das Substrat. Vorausgesetzt, daß die Insekten nicht gehungert hatten, wurde Bellis allein nach Betasten abgelehnt; nach längerem Hungern erfolgte jedoch die Ablehnung erst nach Beißen. Weitere Versuche, bei denen Extrakte der Kutikula von Poa oder Bellis verwendet wurden, zeigten, daß Annahme oder Ablehnung von der chemischen Natur des Substrats abhängen, welches von den Tastern berührt wird. Betasten eines geeigneten Substrats führte nicht unmittelbar zum Beißen, ruft aber eine Verhaltensweise hervor, die ihrerseits das Beißen fördert. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß die von den Tastern wahrgenommenen chemischen Reize für die Nahrungswahl der Acrididen wichtig sind, wenn die Insekten normal fressen. Nach Hunger ruft mechanische Reizung der Taster oder anderer Mundteile Beißen auch beim Fehlen geeigneter chemischer Reize hervor. Die häufigen kurzen Kontakte der Palpen mit dem Substrat während des Tastens erlauben offenbar den Sensillen, einen beständigen Strom von Informationen an das Zentralnervensystem zu liefern, ohne selbst angepaßt (ermüdet) zu werden.
    Notes: Abstract The functions of the maxillary palps of acridids have been investigated in experiments with Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.), Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) and Chorthippus parallelus (Zett.). The palp makes small irregular flicking movements and more extensive rapid vibrations described as palpation. Both activities involve the same basic movements of the palp segments. Palpation is essentially related to feeding and in normally feeding insects the palps play an important role in food selection, but as starvation is prolonged they become unimportant. Selection depends on appropriate chemical stimulation from the cuticle on the surface of the leaf. Palpation on this leads to head lowering and to biting if appropriate tactile stimuli are then received. The control of biting is discussed. The frequent but very brief, contacts of the sensilla on the tips of the palps with the substratum during palpation may enable them to relay information to the central nervous system more or less continuously without adapting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1981), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 38 (1974), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Soft-X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectroheliographs carried by the OSO-7 (Orbiting Solar Observatory) have been used to record the development of XUV emission associated with a flare of importance 1b on August 2, 1972. Spatial resolution was 20″ and spectral resolution was adequate to select emission lines originating within well-defined ranges of electron temperature between 5 × 104 and 30 × 106K. The data show that heating only the pre-existing coronal material adjacent to the flare site cannot account for the soft X-ray emission measure observed during the event. The flare emission originating at T e ⩽ 2.3 × 106K exhibits an impulsive component coincident with an impulsive microwave event. This radiation appears to coincide spatially with Hα radiation emitted at that time and is centered on the neutral line separating magnetic fields of opposite polarity. One soft X-ray-emitting feature, estimated to have an initial electron temperature of 2–10 × 106K, forms during the impulsive phase immediately over the Hα flare. A second, arch-like feature observed at wavelengths near 1.9 Å and estimated to have T e≅30 × 106K is located approximately 35000 km above the Hα event. Both regions have lengths of about 27000 km but transverse dimensions small compared to the spatial resolution of the spectroheliograph, i.e., less than 14000 km. The region with highest electron temperature exhibits the greatest stability in position. This region cools to approximately 10 × 106K in 6 to 12 min which is compatible with cooling by conduction to the chromosphere. The best association with a dark surge is found in an emission line of Fe xiv.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver iron concentrations were determined in 60 alcoholics with liver disease of varying severity, 15 patients with untreated idiopathic hemochromatosis, and 16 control subjects with biliary tract disease. Mean liver iron concentrations (μg/100 mg dry weight) were significantly greater in the alcoholics (156.4±7.8 (sem);P〈0.05) and in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis (2094.5±230.7;P〈0.01) than in control subjects (53.0±7.0). Liver iron concentrations of 〉140 μg/100 mg were found in 17 alcoholics (29%) and in all 15 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Liver iron concentrations 〉1000 μg/100 mg were found in all patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis but in none of the alcoholics. In the alcoholics no relationship existed between liver iron concentrations and the amount of alcohol consumed daily, the length of the drinking history, the amount of beverage iron consumed daily, or the severity of the liver disease. Serum ferritin concentrations reflected iron stores in patients with hemochromatosis and in alcoholics with minimal liver disease. However, in alcoholics with significant liver disease serum ferritin concentrations did not reflect iron stores accurately, although with normal values iron overload is unlikely. Serum iron concentration and percentage saturation of total iron-binding capacity were of little value in assessing iron status in either alcoholics or patients with hemochromatosis. Measurement of the liver iron concentration clearly differentiates between alcoholics with significant siderosis and patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Total ferritin concentration was measured in sera of 30 patients with primary liver cell cancer (PLCC) and 33 patients with cirrhosis and compared with serum alpha-fetoprotein levels as a diagnostic marker of PLCC. Serum ferritin concentration was raised in 19 patients (63%) with PLCC and 11 patients (33%) with cirrhosis. The median level was significantly higher (P〈0.001) in the PLCC group (560 μg/liter) than in the cirrhotic group (137 μg/liter), although there was considerable overlap. Serum ferritin was posititively correlated with serum aminotransferase levels in the cirrhotic patients (r=0.53,P〈0.001), reflecting hepatic necrosis, but not in the PLCC patients. The concentration of ferritin binding to concanavalin A was measured in the sera of patients with elevated total serum ferritin. Although the proportion of bound ferritin was decreased in the majority of PLCC sera compared to controls (P〈0.001), there was overlap with the cirrhotic group, making it unlikely that this assay is useful in distinguishing a tumor-specific isoferritin. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were elevated in 21 patients (70%) with PLCC and proved to be a highly sensitive and specific test for PLCC. There was no relationship between the alpha-fetoprotein and serum ferritin concentrations. Serum ferritin is inferior to alpha-fetoprotein as an initial screening test for PLCC, but in alpha-fetoprotein-negative patients serum ferritin may have a role in monitoring therapy. Patients with cirrhosis with normal serum alpha-fetoprotein and ferritin concentrations are very unlikely to have PLCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptor ; Locusta ; Fine structure ; Development ; Moulting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic structure of the terminal sensilla of Locusta migratoria resembles that of Schistocerca gregaria. There are commonly six or ten neurons whose dendrites extend almost to the opening of the peg. Proximally the dendrites are clothed by a neurilemma cell which also encloses a basal cavity through which their ciliary region passes. The tormogen cell encloses the receptor-lymph cavity and actively secretes material into it. The receptor-lymph cavity and the basal cavity are quite separate. The development of new pegs at a moult is described. After apolysis the scolopale extends across the subcuticular space and protects the dendrites, which remain in a functional condition until shortly before ecdysis. As the trichogen cell grows out to form a new peg the tip is surrounded by a mass of electron-dense material, probably derived from the receptorlymph cavity. The function of this material is unknown. Regeneration of the dendrites is considered. The possible mechanism by which the tip of the peg opens and closes is considered and the general structure of the organule is discussed in relation to functioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 4 (1971), S. 485-488 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies of the vaporization onset associated with heat flow are used as a tool to probe the superfluid thermohydrodynamics during entropy transport. Onset-flux-density data of the heat flow suggest that the normal fluid viscous force dominates during entropy transport from a single source (strip) to bulk He II over a layer of thickness 10 −4 cm (upper bound) or less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1299-1303 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Thrips obscuratus ; Thysanoptera ; Thripidae ; attractant ; ethyl nicotinate ; apricots ; peaches
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ethyl nicotinate was found to be a potent attractant forThrips obscuratus in peaches and apricots. The male-to-female ratio in traps was 1∶8. The chemical was more attractive than ripe fruit, with peak catches at harvest. Season-long trapping showed the efficiency of the chemical compared to unbaited traps. The chemical remained attractive for at least 2 weeks when 50 μl were placed in open 2-ml vial caps. Various pyralids, geometrids (Lepidoptera), and chironomids (Diptera) were also attracted in low numbers to ethyl nicotinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 28 (1983), S. 321-327 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The absorption of nonheme59ferric chloride from a test meal was measured, using a whole-body counter, in 34 alcoholics with liver disease of varying severity, 30 of whom had normal hemoglobin values and four of whom were anemic. The results were compared with those obtained in five patients with iron-deficient anemia and nine healthy control subjects. There were no significant differences in mean percentage iron absorption (±sem) in the nonanemic alcoholic patients with fatty liver (14.6±3.7), alcoholic hepatitis (18.6±5.7), or cirrhosis (21.1±3.5) when compared with control subjects (22.0±2.5). Significantly increased mean percentage iron absorptions were seen, however, in the patients with iron-deficient anemia (64.8±5.6;P〈0.0001) and the alcoholics with anemia (60.7±7.8;P〈0.0001). There was an inverse relationship between iron absorption and serum ferritin concentration in the nonanemic alcoholics (r=−0.37;P〈0.025) but no correlation between iron absorption and liver iron concentration. The addition of absolute alcohol (0.5 g/kg body weight) to the test meal resulted in an increase in mean percentage iron absorption in eight control subjects (21.6±1.6 to 29.0±6.1) and in ten nonanemic alcoholics (15.8±3.2 to 20.0±3.8), although these differences did not achieve significance. Similarly when intravenous alcohol was given to four control subjects at the time of the test meal, iron absorption increased in all four so that the mean percentage iron absorption increased, although not significantly, from 17.6±2.7 to 39.3±9.5. Iron absorption in alcoholics does not differ significantly from normal. While the increased liver iron concentrations seen in approximately one third of alcoholics cannot be attributed to an increase in iron absorption as a result of chronic alcohol ingestion, further studies are needed to elucidate the acute effects of alcohol on iron absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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