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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 83 (1971), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical anions and cations have been prepared by the reduction of the title compounds or their diprotonated derivatives. The same radical ions have been observed by oxidation of the dihydro derivatives. Electron spin resonance hyperfine splitting constants have been assigned on the basis of Hückel and McLachlan calculations and selective substitutions. The hyperfine splitting by the bridging hydrogen atoms in the radical anions was much weaker (0·5 to 0·7 gauss) than for the corresponding radical cations (2 to 3 gauss) for the naphthacene, anthracene, and naphthalene dihydrotetrones. This is interpreted to be a result of orbital symmetry since, in the highest occupied MO for the anion but not for the cation, a nodal plane passes through the bridging hydrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: 1,4-Benzoquinones ; [2.2]Paracyclophanes ; 1,4,8,11-Pentacenetetrones ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Radical anions ; ESR/ENDOR spectroscopy ; Intramolecular electron transfer ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three types of tetrone radical anions in which two 1,4-benzoquinone units are connected by ethano (1·-, 2·-), [2.2]paracyclophane (3·-, 4·-), and anthracene bridges (5·-, 6·-) have been studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy. The displacement of the unpaired electron over the two π moieties in the [2.2]cyclophane radical anions 1·--4·- and the marked difference between the first and second reduction potentials, ΔE = |E20 - E10| ≥ 0.20 V, are evidence for a substantial intramolecular electronic interaction between the two electrophores. Similar ΔE data for the syn- (3) and anti-naphthalenophanes (4) indicate that most of the intramolecular electronic interaction takes place through the [2.2]paracyclophane bridge. When ion pairing is inhibited by complexation of the cation, the unpaired electron in 5·- and 6·- is also delocalized over the whole pentacenetetrone system at temperatures as low as 160 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Paracyclophanes ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Radical cations ; ESR/ENDOR spectroscopy ; Intramolecular electron transfer ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A range of [n.n]paracyclophane radical cations (4·+-12·+), in which two 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene units are connected by alkano bridges of varying length, have been studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy. In the [2.2]- and [3.3]paracyclophane radical cations 4·+-6·+, 10·+ and 11·+ the delocalization of the unpaired electron over both π-moieties and the distinct difference between the first and second oxidation potentials, ΔE = E20 - E10, are evidence for a strong intramolecular electronic interaction between the two electrophores. The [5.5] and [7.7] species (8·+ and 9·+) are localized radical cations at low temperature (ca. 220 K). At room temperature, the higher molecular flexibility leads to a significant increase in the number of internal collisions between the electrophores, resulting in a fast (ESR time scale) intramolecular electron transfer. The intermediate [4.4]paracyclophane radical cations 7·+ and 12·+ are apparently also localized radical cations. The close interplanar distance between the two π-moieties, however, facilitates their mutual contacts. In 7·+, the intramolecular electron transfer becomes fast on the ESR time scale at room temperature; in 12·+ the transfer is fast over the temperature range 200-300 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1615-1623 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Homoconjugation ; Cyclovoltammetry ; ESR spectroscopy ; Diketones ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclovoltammetric investigations have been carried out on 3,3,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrone (4), bicyclo-[3.2.2]nonane-6,7,8,9-tetrone (5), and several of their congeners, such as 6,13-dihydro-6,6,13,13-tetramethylquin-oxalino[2.3-b]phenazine (13), 5,10-dihydro-5,5,10,10-tetra-methylpyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (17), and 6,13-dihydro-6,13-propanoquinoxalino[2,3-b]phenazine (20). For 5 and 20 a large difference (ΔE° ≥400 mV) between the first and second reduction potentials was found. The ESR results of the radical anion 20•- are in support of a strong homoconjugation. ESR studies of 4•-, 13•-, and 17•- also reveal a symmetrical displacement of the unpaired electron over both acceptor groups on the ESR time scale which, however, based on the small potential difference ΔE° ≤ 200 mV can be most likely described to a fast electron exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: [2.2](1,4)Naphthalenophanes ; [2.2](1,4)Anthracenophane ; Pentacene ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Radical cations ; ESR/ENDOR spectroscopy ; Intramolecular electron transfer ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various radical cations, in which two terminal 1,4-dimethoxybenzene units are anellated to [2.2]paracyclophane (2b•+, 3b•+), [2.2](1,4)naphthalenophane (4d•+), and anthracene bridges (5•+), have been studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy. In the syn- and anti-naphthalenophane radical cations 2b•+ and 3b•+ the delocalization of the unpaired electron over both π-moieties and the distinct difference between the first and second oxidation potentials, ΔE = E20 - E10, are evidence for a substantial intramolecular electronic interaction between the two electrophores. Extension of the bridge in 4d•+ and 5 by benzo anellation results in a localized radical cation. Strong intramolecular electronic interaction between the two electrophores is found in the 1,4,8,11-tetramethoxy-pentacene radical cation (5•+). The syntheses of 4d are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Phenazin-5(10H)-yl ; ESR spectroscopy ; Radical pairs ; π Interactions ; Dimer absorption ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Nitrogen heterocycles ; Radicals ; Magnetic properties ; Solid-state chemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of tert-butyl groups into the phenazine frame-work was accomplished by treatment of 5-acetyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine (2a) with tert-butyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3. Starting from the 2,8- or 3,7-di-tert-butyl-substituted derivatives 2c and 2b, a series of phenazin-5(10H)-yl radicals (1c-i) was synthesized and characterized by ESR and EN-DOR spectroscopy. With the exception of 1c, all phenazin-5(10H)-yls were obtained in crystalline form, and for 1d-f the long-wavelength absorption band at λ ≈ 870 nm indicates intermolecular π-π interactions in the solid state. For 1d, 1e and 1h the crystal structure could be determined. The unit cell of 1d consists of eight phenazin-5(10H)-yls. Surprisingly, four of them are arranged in radical pairs, whereas the other four lie independently in the lattice. In agreement with this structure, the magnetic susceptibility results correspond to a content of 50% monoradical and an almost complete spinpairing in the radical pairs up to T = 220 K. In 1e, the four phenazin-5(10H)-yls in the unit cell are arranged in two independent radical pairs, A and B, which are characterized by close interplanar distances and short intermolecular contacts between atoms with significant spin populations. Accordingly, the susceptibility data indicate strong spin-pairing at low temperature. Due to extensive steric shielding of the phenazin-5(10H)-yl framework, the crystal structure of 1h gives no evidence of any π-π interactions between adjacent radicals. As expected, the magnetic susceptibility of 1h corresponds to that of an ordinary monoradical.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1885-1889 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrimidine derivatives ; Sulfur extrusion, photolytic ; Pyrimidinophanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compounds 1 and 2 are synthesized by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the 2,11-dithia[3.3](2,5)pyrimidinophane 17. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 are determined by X-ray structure analysis and are discussed with regard to the steric strain in these molecules. Thermolysis of [(5-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl]methyl]- or [(2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-trimethylammonium hydroxide (10 or 11) does not generate 1 and 2. α-Chlorination of 2,5-dimethylpyrimidine (3) with N-chlorosuccinimide provides the required precursors 4-6.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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