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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 2 (1993), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The machining of several materials such as polymers, metals and ceramics using excimer lasers (193, 248 and 308 nm) was investigated. By photoablation, micrometer resolution can be achieved for polymers if the wavelength and fluence are chosen properly. High-definition processing of metals is complicated by the occurrence of surface melting. An interaction between the ablation plume and the walls of the laser-drilled holes leads to hole widening in the case of polymers at high fluences. For small structures (〈100 μm) all materials investigated show a size-dependent ablation rate. This effect has to be taken into account if a precise ablation depth is required for a pattern with structures of different sizes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 88-97 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modification of Titanium by Ion Implantation-A ReviewThis paper reviews investigations concerning the effect of ion implantation on the properties of titanium alloys. The correlations between the process parameters and the phase formation in implanted layers, the wear and strength properties as well as the corrosion and oxidation behaviour are described. The application for joint prostheses is mentioned.
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über den Einfluß der Ionenimplantation auf die Eigenschaften von Titanlegierungen gegeben. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Prozeßparametern und der Phasenbildung in ionenimplantierten Schichten, den Verschleiß- und Festigkeitseigenschaften sowie dem Korrosions- und Oxidationsverhalten werden dargestellt. Die Anwendung für Gelenkprothesen wird kurz besprochen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 329-335 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of a Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless SteelThe corrosion behaviour of a nitrogen alloyed stainless steel is investigated using potentiodynamic anodic polarization in physiological NaCl solution. The microstructure of forged samples is determined by microscopy and hardness measurements. The steel shows a globular austenitic structure. In the zone of large forging deformation the grains are elongated. Precipitates are observed in which chromium and molybdenium are enriched. The breakdown potentials range from 200 to 1170 mV vs. SCE, most of the values exceed 500 mV. The breakdown potentials decrease with increasing aspect ratio of the grains and increasing hardness. The precipitates are initial sites for pitting and crater shaped metal dissolution.
    Notes: Das Korrosionsverhalten eines stickstofflegierten rostfreien Stahles wird durch potentiodynamische anodische Polarisation in physiologischer NaCl-Lösung untersucht. Der Gefügezustand geschmiedeter Proben wird mikroskopisch und durch Härtemessungen ermittelt. Der Stahl weist ein globulares austenitisches Gefüge auf, in der Zone starker Schmiedeverformung sind die Körner gestreckt. Es liegen Ausscheidungen vor, in denen Chrom und Molybdän angereichert sind. Der Stahl zeigt Durchbruchspotentiale zwischen 200 und 1170 mV vs. SCE, die meisten Werte liegen über 500 mV. Die Durchbruchspotentiale fallen mit zunehmendem Streckungsgrad der Körner und zunehmender Härte ab. Die Ausscheidungen sind Initialpunkte für loch- und kraterförmigen Materialabtrag.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 248 (1997), S. 139-151 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein neuartiges organisch-anorganisches Hybridmaterial wurde durch den Einbau des Minerals Böhmit mittels eines Sol-Gel-Prozesses in ein Kevlar-Nomex-Copolymeres hergestellt. Durch Reaktion eines Gemisches aus m- und p-Phenylendiamin mit Terephthaloylchlorid und anschließender Umsetzung mit Aminophenyltrimethoxysilan wurden Poly(phenylenterephthalamid)-Ketten mit Aminophenyltri-methoxysilan-Endgruppen synthetisiert. In dieser Polymermatrix wurde die Hydrolyse der Alkoxygruppen einer Lösung von Aluminium-sec-butanolat in Butanol durchgeführt. Dadurch wurde ein chemisch an die Aramid-Ketten gebundenes anorganisches Netzwerk aufgebaut. Aus den hergestellten Hybridmaterialien mit unterschiedlichen Böhmit-Gehalten in der Aramidmatrix wurden Filme gegossen. Die Filme aus Hybridmaterial mit bis zu 15 Gew.-% Böhmit waren transparent gelb, während bei 20 und mehr Gew.-% Böhmit opake Filme erhalten wurden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Filme wurden untersucht. Zugfestigkeit, Zugmodul, Härte und maximale Bruchdehnung nahmen mit steigendem Böhmitgehalt zunächst zu, vemngerten sich jedoch bei weiterer Erhöhung des Mineralanteils wieder. Der Zugmodul des Hybridmaterials bei 25°C lag zwischen 3,0 und 4,5 GPa. Die Materialien hielten einer maximalen Zugspannung von 252 MPa stand und zeigten Zersetzungstemperaturen von etwa 450°C. Die rnit DMTA ermittelten Werte für den Speichemodul lagen im Bereich 7,6-18,9 GPa. Das tan δ-Signal verbreiterte sich mit zunehmendem Böhmitanteil und ging bei hohen Böhmitgehalten in eine Schulter über. Die Signalpositionen des Verlustfaktors wurden infolge der zunehmenden sterischen Einschränkung der Segmentbewegungen rnit steigendem anorganischen Anteil zu höheren Temperaturen verschoben.
    Notes: A new organic-inorganic hybrid material was prepared by incorporating boehmite into a Kevlar-Nomex copolymer via a sol-gel process. Poly(phenylene-terephthalamide) chains having aminophenyltrimethoxysilane end groups were prepared by reacting a mixture of m-and p-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride, followed by end-capping with aminophenyltrimethoxysilane. The hydrolysis of the alkoxy groups of an aluminium sec-butoxide solution in butanol was carried out in the polymer matrix, thus creating an inorganic network structure combined chemically with the aramid chains. Hybrid materials containing different proportions of boehmite in aramid were thus produced and films were cast by solvent evaporation technique. These films with up to 15 wt.-% of boehmite were yellow and transparent, whereas the films with 20 wt.-% or more contents of boehmite were opaque. Mechanical properties of these films were analyzed. The values of tensile strength, initial modulus, toughness and maximum strain at rupture were initially found to increase and then decrease with further addition of boehmite. The tensile modulus of the hybrid material was found to be in the range of 3.0-4.5 GPa at 25°C. These ceramers were found to withstand maximum tensile stress of the order of 252 MPa, and the thermal decomposition temperature was around 450°C. The storage modulus as measured using DMTA was in the range of 7.6-18.9 GPa. The tan δ peak which in general became broader with increasing boehmite content showed a shoulder for composites containing large amounts of boehmite. The position of the peaks shifted towards high temperature with the increase in the inorganic contents showing hindrance in motion with increasing boehmite contents.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Biosensors ; Self-assembly monolayers ; NADH ; Phenoxazines ; Phenothiazines ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Self-assembled monolayers of cystamine and cysteine chemisorbed on gold electrode surfaces have been used as a support for covalent immobilization of some phenoxazine and phenothiazine derivatives. The covalent attachment was achieved after previous functionalization of the free amino groups on the electrode surface with bifunctional reagents (terephthaloyl chloride and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate) able to react with the imino form of the amino group in position 3 of the phenoxazine and phenothiazine derivatives.In every case, a shift of the redox potentials between 130 and 180 mV towards more positive potentials, as well as an increase in the peak-topeak separation between anodic and cathodic peaks was observed after covalent attachment. The surface coverages (10-11 〈 Γ 〈 10-10 mol/cm2) obtained from the cyclic voltammograms were those for a not densely packed monolayer and varied depending on the redox compound immobilized. The surface-modified electrodes obtained were afterwards used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH.UV-vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the successive steps of surface modification using gold semitransparent electrodes. The total surface coverage of redox mediator on the electrode surface could also be calculated from the optical difference spectra between the oxidized and the reduced state obtained ‘in situ’ in a spectroelectrochemical cell.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 543-552 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chronopotentiometry ; Enzyme electrode ; Biosensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chronopotentiometry (CP) with enzyme electrodes is a new approach to overcome inherent problems of steady-state potentiometric processes. The developed procedure is presented on the example of a glucose oxidase (GOD) electrode. Electrochemically generated mediator helps to overcome traditional difficulties arising from poorly defined mixed potentials in the presence of oxygen during an analysis. Transition times are automatically evaluated by using computerized calculation programs. The technique can be used for determining substrate concentrations; moreover, it is particularly promising as an effective tool to study electrode processes with biochemical systems on an electrode surface.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 3 (1982), S. 745-751 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The quantitative determination of the r-values has been performed by non-linear optimum adaption of various selected copolymerization equations to the experimental values referring to low and high conversion with the aim of model selection. The two-parameter models discussed provide r-values being independent of comonomer composition and conversion. The three-parameter models, as the penultimate model, suggesting particularly reduced olefine concentration at the reaction site, can account for model deficiencies in the medium composition range of the monomer mixture.
    Notes: Die Quantifizierung der r-Werte erfolgt durch nichtlineare optimale Anpassung verschidenster ausgewählter Copolymerisationsgleichungen an die experimentellen Daten bei niedrigem und höherem Umsatz mit der Zielstellung einer Modellselektion. Alle diskutierten Zweiparametermodelle liefern r-Werte, die von der Comonomerzusammensetzung und vom Umsatz abhängig sind. Dreiparametermodelle, wie das „Penultimate Modell“, und besonders die Annahme der am Reaktionsort reduzierten Olefinkonzentration können den Modelldefekt in mittleren Zusammensetzungsbereichen der Monomermischung beheben.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the binary copolymerization systems of allylbenzene, 2-methylpentene-1 and isobutene with acrylonitrile rOlefin = 0 can be postulated. By linear correlation of the rAN-values with the molar fraction of the olefin the ordinate intersection provides constant values of rAN depending only on the kind of olefin and the solvent. Constant values of rAN are also obtained by supposing the olefin concentration to be reduced at the reaction site. The concentration of reactive olefins is related to their initial amount by an exponential expression.
    Notes: Für die binären Copolymerisationssysteme von Allylbenzen, 2-Methylpenten-1 und Isobuten mit Acrylnitril läßt sich rOlefin = 0 postulieren. Durch lineare Korrelation der rAN-Werte und dem Molenbruch des Olefins werden aus dem Ordinatenabschnitt konstante rAN-Werte erhalten, die nur von der Art des Olefins und dem Lösungsmittel abhängig sind. Die konstanten rAN-Werte lassen sich auch auf Basis der Modellvorstellung, daß die Olefinkonzentration am Reaktionsort reduziert ist, ableiten. Die reaktive Olefinkonzentration ist durch eine Exponentialbeziehung mit der eingesetzten verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 328-331 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile was completely thermally decomposed in allyl benzene. The reaction mixture obtained was separated by preparative gas and thin-layer chromatography. Using steam pressure measurements and the logarithmic dependence of gas chromatographic retention value of the molecular weight the molecular weight of the separated components was investigated. The structure was analysed by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy and 14C-labelled tracer substances. A mechanism of the reactions is discussed.
    Notes: 2,2′-Azo-bis-isobutyronitril wurde in Allylbenzen thermisch vollständig zersetzt. Das entstehende Reaktionsgemisch konnte mit Hilfe der präparativen Gas- und Dünnschichtchromatographie getrennt werden. Die Bestimmung der Molmassen der abgetrennten Komponenten erfolgte über Dampfdruckmessungen sowie über die logarithmische Abhängigkeit der gaschromatographischen Retentionswerte von den Molmassen. Die Konstitutions- und Konfigurationsaufklärung gelang mittels IR- und NMR-Spektroskopie sowie durch Anwendung von 14C-markierten Tracer-Substanzen. Ein möglicher Reaktionsablauf wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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