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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminoguanidine ameliorates albuminuria in diabetic hypertensive rats (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 96-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Nephropathy ; diabetes ; aminoguanidine ; glycation ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effect of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of advanced glycation product formation, on albuminuria in chronically diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. At the time of killing, there was no statistically significant difference in blood glucose concentration between the treated and untreated diabetic animals (18.2±0.69 mmol/l), nor was there any difference among the non-diabetic, diabetic untreated, and diabetic treated rats with respect to blood pressure (169±6.9 mm Hg). However, non-diabetic hypertensive animals had a mean quantitative 24-h urinary albumin excretion of 28±2 mg albumin/24-h, while untreated diabetic hypertensive animals averaged nearly four times that amount (106 ±3 mg albumin/24 h). Without affecting blood pressure, aminoguanidine treatment of diabetic hypertensive animals decreased the diabetic-associated elevation in urinary albumin excretion by 75% (48±2 mg/24 h). These data suggest than inhibition of advanced glycation product formation ameliorates the glomerular dysfunction caused by chronic hyperglycaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400859
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of matrix-induced bone differentiation by advanced glycation end-products in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 802-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Aging ; bone matrix ; bone healing ; bone differentiation ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glycation of long-lived proteins is an inevitable consequence of aging that is accelerated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment of demineralized bone matrix particles from 35-week-old normal Long-Evans rats with glycolaldehyde, a precursor of advanced glycation end-products, was used to assess the effects of bone-matrix glycation on the process of bone differentiation. Matrix was incubated in phosphate buffered saline alone, phosphate buffered saline containing glycolaldehyde, glycolaldehyde plus the advanced glycation product-inhibitor aminoguanidine, or glycolaldehyde plus the advanced glycation product-inhibitor sodium cyanoborohydride. Glycolaldehyde increased the matrix advanced glycation product content as measured by specific fluorescence more than two-fold, while inhibiting bone differentiation more than 90 % as measured by in vivo 45CaCl2 uptake, alkaline phosphatase levels, and histology. In contrast, simultaneous incubation with the advanced glycation product-inhibitor aminoguanidine or sodium cyanoborohydride not only reduced fluorescence to normal, but also restored bone differentiation. Furthermore, the inhibition of bone differentiation by glycolaldehyde was not reversed by subsequent application of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2. These observations suggest that formation of advanced glycation products on bone matrix alters its ability to induce bone formation, and probably involves alterations of binding sites for extractable proteins with direct bone inductive properties such as bone morphogenetic protein-2. Decreased bone formation associated with aging and diabetes may result, in part, from advanced glycation product formation on matrix proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400353
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminoguanidine inhibits the development of accelerated diabetic retinopathy in the spontaneous hypertensive rat (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 32-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic retinopathy, rat model, hypertension, SHR, aminoguanidine, glycation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial hypertension has been identified as a major secondary risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanisms by which hypertension worsens retinopathy are unknown. Inhibition of advanced glycation product formation prevents the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy in normotensive diabetic rats. In this study the effect of hypertension on the rate of diabetic retinopathy development and the formation of arteriolar thrombosis was evaluated. We also evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of advanced glycation end product formation on retinal pathology of diabetic hypertensive rats. After 26 weeks of diabetes, hypertension accelerated the development of retinopathy despite a lower mean blood glucose level than in the non-hypertensive group (diabetic spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) 16.00±6.83 mmol/l; diabetic normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) 34.9±3.64 mmol/l; p〈0.0001). Diabetic SHR had nearly twice as many acellular capillaries as diabetic WKY (SHR diabetic: 91.9±7.5 acellular capillaries per mm2 of retinal area vs WKY diabetic: 53.7±8.5 acellular capillaries per mm2 of retinal area), and a 3.8-fold increase in the number of arteriolar microthromboses (SHR diabetic 23 504± 5523 µm2 vs SHR non-diabetic 6228±2707 µm2). Aminoguanidine treatment of SHR diabetic rats reduced the number of acellular capillaries by 50 %, and completely prevented both arteriolar deposition of PAS-positive material and abnormal microthrombus formation. These data suggest that hypertension-induced deposition of glycated proteins in the retinal vasculature plays a central role in the acceleration of diabetic retinopathy by hypertension. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 32–35]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050068
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transduction of non-dividing adult human pancreatic beta cells by an integrating lentiviral vector (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 736-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Lentiviral vector ; retrovirus ; human islet beta-cell ; gene transfer ; transplantation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic islet cells are terminally differentiated endocrine cells and are refractory to stable infection by retroviral vectors, which require the breakdown of the nuclear membrane during cell division in order to insert the transgene into the host cell genome. Thus, attempts to render beta-cell allografts less immunogenic have had to rely on stable transfection of surrogate cells. Similarly, this problem has precluded the development of conditionally immortalized human beta cells for clinical allotransplantation. In this report, we demonstrate that adult human islet beta cells can be transduced by a new three-plasmid integrating lentiviral vector with an efficiency of 62 ± 1.8 % at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2.5 in vitro. This work makes genetic engineering of adult human pancreatic beta cells possible for the first time, allowing strategies to render beta-cell allografts non-immunogenic to be optimized and to creating conditionally immortalized human beta cells for clinical transplantation. [Diabetalogia (1998) 41: 736–739]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050977
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically induced porogen decomposition in premembranes for porogen derived membranes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1613-1620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of chemically induced porogen decomposition in Porogen Derived Membranes show that substantially complete decomposition of porogen molecules, molecularly dispersed in the polymeric matrix, is attainable. Several hours are required for decomposition by reagents penetrating into the premembrane at ambient. Decomposition rate is determined by characteristics of polymer, porogen, and reagent used, by polymer/porogen weight ratio, by reagent concentration, and by temperature. The concept of decomposition by an internal catalyst was also validated. In addition to direct relevance to the new method of membrane formation, the study provides better understanding of phenomena of general interest, such as transport of small molecules through changing polymeric matrices. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460909
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pore formation, permeability, and permselectivity in porogen derived membranes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1621-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Porogen derived membranes, formed on decomposition of porogen molecules homogeneously dispersed in premembranes, were divided into two groups according to permeability and permeation mechanism. The more open membranes were formed when premembranes were cast on nonwoven polyester cloth support, or when decomposition products were extracted by solvent. The molecular cut off found for these membranes was at about 1000 Daltons and permeability was mainly determined by permeants' diffusivity and concentration. Permeability through the denser membrane was mainly determined by the permeants' partial vapor pressure, leading to high permselectivities. These denser membranes allowed relatively high osmotic water permeation while practically blocking permeation of solutes, such as salt, in the opposite direction. These membranes were thus also suitable for concentration of aqueous solutions by water removal into concentrated electrolyte solutions. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460910
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Premembranes for porogen-derived membranes and thermal decomposition of porogens (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1065-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various t-butyl and di-t-butyl esters, N-boc and di-N-boc amines, metal salts of N-boc amino acid, and glycerol-formic acid esters are potential porogens for porogen-derived membranes. Introduction of more than 20 such compounds into polysulfone or poly(vinyl chloride) films was studied. Transparency, IR spectra, changes in glass transition temperature, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to differentiate between molecular dispersion and formation of micro phases. The results show that for many of the studied additives more than 10% by weight can be practically molecularly dispersed in the polymers. The upper limit of porogen concentration in premembranes depends on characteristics of the polymer and of the porogen, on casting solvent composition, and on drying procedure. Metal salts of N-boc amino acids were found to be suitable heat-decomposable porogens. Their decomposition in premembranes proceeds in two stages, in the first of which 2 C4H8 + 2CO2 are released per salt molecule. The metal complex formed goes through decarboxylation at a higher temperature. A heating procedure for completion of the first decomposition stage and for avoiding the second was determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450616
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastable solutions and interactions of decomposition products in porogen derived membranes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1489-1498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Small incompatible molecules formed on porogen decomposition were found to be metastably dissolved in Porogen Derived Membranes, confirming previous analysis. 1Degrees of metastable dissolution are determined by polymer and porogen characteristics, by porogen content, and by decomposition parameters (characteristics of reagent, its concentration, and decomposition temperature). These parameters determine the characteristics of decomposition products (DPs) formed, the rate of their formation, and the properties of the matrix through which they have to diffuse for phase separation. Extraction experiments indicated that, for many compositions, leaching out of DPs during contact with water is very slow. Porogen derived membranes are thus intermediate between polymeric membranes and supported liquid membranes, with the potential of combining high selectivity and reasonable stability. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460821
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