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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 265 (1977), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Knowledge of early seed plants has grown significantly in the past decade1-7, and has an important bearing on the interpretation of their early evolution. The most convincing record of a seed of Devonian age is that of Archaeosperma Pettitt and Beck5 from the North American Famennian. This seed, ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 5036-5042 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of a short-term anneal aboveT g on the free volume cavity size and concentration and on the fracture toughness of polycarbonate is examined. The positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) technique is used to measure the change in free volume concentration and cavity size during isothermal relaxation experiments at 10, 20 and 30 ° C. An activation energy of 16.5 kJ mol−1 is calculated for the relaxation of the annealed polycarbonate, compared to 12.3 kJ mol−1 for the unannealed material. The fracture toughness and brittle fracture morphology of compact tension specimens are unchanged by the anneal. The similarity in the PAL parameters and physical properties between the unannealed polycarbonate and the material annealed aboveT g suggests that the short-term anneal does not appreciably alter the structural state of glassy polycarbonate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 524-528 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been used to study the vacancy-type defects in fine-particle goethites (α-FeOOH). The PALS spectra reveal three components. The intermediate lifetime component (τ2, I2) is attributed to positrons trapped at vacancy defects. The relative intensity of the intermediate lifetime component, I2, increases significantly with decreasing Néel temperature, and this increase is attributed to increasing concentration of vacancy defects. These results support a model of magnetic ordering of clusters arising from a high concentration of iron vacancies which reduces the Néel temperature in these fine-particle goethites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 115 (1938), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode de production en grande quantité deHirsutella thompsonii en milieu liquide a été mise au point au laboratoire pour fournir des quantités suffisantes à l'expérimentation de terrain contre l'acarien des Citrus. Les fermenteurs de laboratoire consistaient en bouteilles de 18,9 litres stérilisables fermées par des tubulures connectées en séries assurant l'alimentation en air comprimé nécessaire pour l'agitation du milieu et pour l'apport d'oxygène. Le milieu est constitué de 5 mg/ml de dextrose et autant d'extrait de levure, de 0,5 mg/ml de peptone et des sels minéraux essentiels. L'émulsion antimousse Dow Corning V-30 et l'hydrochlorure de tetracycline (980 mg/ml) sont ajoutés, aux concentrations optimum de 25 ppm et 5 mg/100 ml, respectivement. Chaque récipient renferme 12 litres de milieu et est inoculé avec 75 ml de fragments mycéliens. A 22–26°C, on obtient après 96 heures d'incubation une moyenne de 400 grammes en poids humide de mycélium. Ce mycélium est extrait par filtration et conservé à 10°C dans des récipients en acier sans étain. Ce tapis de mycélium perd sa viabilité au bout de 64 jours de conservation. Le champignon a été utilisé pour les applications sous forme de fragments mycéliens en prenant le tapis conservé au froid et en le formulant le jour de son emploi. 500 grammes de ce «tapis mycélien» ont été mis dans 500 ml d'eau pendant 2 minutes pour obtenir une bouillie transférée dans des bouteilles de 18,9 litres pour le transport sur le terrain. Toutes les formulations pour la pulvérisation (divers adjuvants pour l'adhésion et pour la protection des mycéliums contre la chaleur et la dessication) ont été effectuées directement dans le réservoir du pulvérisateur. Des formulations renfermant des mélasses sans soufre ou des mélasses de Citrus en mélange avec du Dacagin ont donné les meilleurs résultats dans les essais en champ. Aucune irritation de la peau, aucun inconvénient à la suite de l'inhalation, ni symptômes de pathogénie n'ont été constatés chez le personnel du laboratoire à la suite du contact avecH. thompsonii pendant les 3 ans d'étude de cette production.
    Notizen: Abstract A large-scale method for producing the fungal pathogen,Hirsutella thompsonii, in submerged culture was developed in the laboratory to supply adequate quantities for studies of field efficacy against the citrus rust mite. Laboratory fermentors consisted of 18.9 liter sterilizable solution bottles stopped with aeration heads that were connected in series to supply a closed system for the passage of the sterile compressed air necessary for agitation and for supplying oxygen to the liquid enrichment. The medium contained dextrose at 5 mg/ml, yeast extract and peptone at 5 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, and essential mineral salts. Dow Corning antifoam V-30 emulsion, and tetracycline hydrochloride (980 mg/g) were included at optimum concentrations of 25 ppm and 5 mg/100 ml, respectively. Each vessel contained 12 liters of media and was inoculated with 75 ml of fragmented mycelia. At 22–26°C, an average of 400 grams (wet wt.) mycelia per vessel were produced after a 96-hr incubation. Upon completion of the fermentation process, mycelia were recovered from the liquid end-products via filtration and stored as mat-mycelia in stainless steel holding pans at 10°C. The mat-mycelia appeared to lose viability some time after 64 days in storage. The sporulation phase of pathogen production was excluded, and the fungus was applied as mycelial fragments by taking the mat from cold storage and formulating it on the day of application. Five hundred gram quantities of mat-mycelia were blended in 500 ml of water for 2 min to form a slurry and then transferred to 18.9 liter solution bottles for transport to the field. All spray formulations (different additives used as spreader stickers and protectants for the mycelia against heat or desiccation) were added and mixed directly in the tank of the sprayer. Formulations containing unsulphured molasses or citrus molasses in combination with Dacagin performed most effectively in field tests. No skin irritation, inhalation difficulties, or symptoms of pathogenicity were experienced by laboratory personnel as a result of exposure toH. thompsonii during the 3-year production effort.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 1414-1415 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 762-768 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) technique is used to measure volume relaxation in physically aged glassy polycarbonate. The relaxation times and activation energy calculated for the isothermal relaxations in the aged polycarbonate are greater than those parameters calculated for unaged polycarbonate. The activation energy of 8.2 kcal/mol in the aged polycarbonate is used to identify the phenyl group motion or the cooperative carbonate-phenyl interaction as the molecular features responsible for the thermally induced open volume relaxations. It is postulated that the open volume relaxation kinetics as measured by PALS can be used as a nondestructive indication of property differences between aged and unaged polycarbonate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1541-1552 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy has been used to study the isothermal relaxation response of compression molded bisphenol-A polycarbonate at temperatures of 263, 273, and 303 K. The temperature dependence of both the lifetime and intensity of the ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) pickoff component is discussed in terms of ductile-to-brittle transition behavior and free volume theory. An additive exponential model and the Williams-Watt model were used to analyze the relaxation as a function of temperature and provided results consistent with the anticipated molecular mobility of polycarbonate at sub-Tg temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 28-33 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), capable of probing free volume, is used to study the effect of compatibilizer concentration, compatibilizer type, and the effect of blend processing on the morphology and properties of an immiscible linear low-density polyethylene/polypropylene system. It is proposed that improvement of fracture toughness due to compatibilization can be attributed to the packing (and bonding) at interfaces. Improved interfacial packing and bonding result in lower free volume concentration than expected from component additivity, with a concomitant increase in plastic deformation on impact.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2981-3000 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Schlagwort(e): sorption ; diffusion ; acetone ; poly(ethylene terephthalate) ; poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) ; copolymers ; positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy ; infrared spectroscopy ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Random copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) were synthesized by melt condensation. In a series of thin, solvent cast films of varying PEN content, acetone diffusivity and solubility were determined at 35°C and an acetone pressure of 5.4 cm Hg. The kinetics of acetone sorption in the copolymer films are well described by a Fickian model. Both solubility and diffusivity decrease with increasing PEN content. The acetone diffusion coefficient decreases 93% from PET to PET/85PEN, a copolymer in which 85 weight percent of the dimethyl terephthalate in PET has been replace by dimethyl naphthalate 2,6-dicarboxylate. The acetone solubility coefficient in the amorphous regions of the polymer decreases by approximately a factor of two over the same composition range. The glass/rubber transition temperatures of these materials rise monotonically with increasing PEN content. Copolymers containing 20 to 80 wt % PEN are amorphous. Samples with 〈20% or 〉80% PEN contain measurable levels of crystallinity. Estimated fractional free volume in the amorphous regions of these samples is lower in the copolymers than in either of the homopolymers. Relative free volume as probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) decreases systematically with increasing PEN content. Acetone diffusion coefficients correlate well with PALS results. Infrared spectroscopy suggests an increase in the fraction of ethylene glycol units in the trans conformation in the amorphous phase as the concentration of PEN in the copolymer increases. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2981-3000, 1998
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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