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Management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia by UK consultants (1992)

HUTTON, J. D. ; JAMES, D. K. ; STIRRAT, G. M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0

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ISSN: 1471-0528

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Objective To determine the current management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in the United Kingdom.Design One-page postal survey to all (1007) UK consultant obstetricians with questions about use of antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, other management strategies, definition of factors determining severity, protocol development and regional review.Results 688 replies (69.6% response rate). The antihypertensive drugs used were mainly oral labetalol (35%), oral methyl dopa (23%) and parenteral hydralazine (29%); diuretics were not used. Diazepam was the preferred drug in eclampsia. Very few consultants used magnesium sulphate (2%). Anticonvulsants were also prescribed by 85% of consultants to prevent fits; the drugs then preferred were diazepam (41%), phenytoin (30%) and chlormethiazole (24%). Two-thirds of consultants felt there was a need for trials to study the effectiveness of antihypertensive and anticonvulsant drugs. In a woman with proteinuric hypertension, 15% of consultants did not regard the development of headache as indicating severe pre-eclampsia. Consistent management practices were not associated with agreement about protocols. Regional review does not appear to have occurred.Conclusion Antihypertensive and anticonvulsant therapies are widely used but trials are considered necessary. Improvements in the management of women with severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia might occur if UK obstetricians sought more collective opinion and undertook regional audit of protocols.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13819.x

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Reproductive value and appropriateness of response to predators by White-Crowned Sparrows (1980)

Patterson, T. L. ; Petrinovich, L. ; James, D. K.

Springer

Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 7 (1980), S. 227-231

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ISSN: 1432-0762

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Twenty-five pair of breeding Whitecrowned Sparrows were presented with a live snake and models of a hawk, jay, and junco. Pairs were tested either when the female was brooding eggs, feeding nestlings, or fledglings. It was found that the snake was responded to the most when the pair had nestlings, very little when the female was brooding eggs, and at a moderate level with fledglings. The hawk and jay models were responded to the least with eggs, more with nestlings, and the most with fledglings. The junco model elicited little response. Both the pattern and level of response is influenced by whether or not the stimulus represents an effective predator at the particular stage of the breeding cycle. They also are influenced by the reproductive value of the progeny. A model is suggested that includes two factors: stimulus value and reproductive value. We propose that this combined model is more suitable than a single factor one.