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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 490-494 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Rat — Tumor take — Weight loss — Pneumoperitoneum — Bowel resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The ability of laparoscopic techniques to treat malignant disease is controversial. We developed a rat model to assess metabolic and oncological effects of laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Experiment I. The postoperative body weight in 10 rats having laparoscopic bowel resection (group I), 10 rats having open bowel resection (group II) and 5 rats having anesthesia only (group III) was determined. Experiment II. Tumor take was scored in 11 rats having laparoscopic bowel resection (group IV), 11 rats having open bowel resection (group V), 6 rats having CO2 pneumoperitoneum without bowel resection (group VI) and 6 rats having anesthesia only (group VII). All rats had CC531 cancer cells injected intraperitoneally postoperatively. Results: Experiment I. Body weight loss in group I compared to group II (p〈0.036). Rats of group III lost no weight postoperatively. Experiment II. Tumor take was less in the subcutis (p=0.005), parietal peritoenum (p〈0.001) and bowel anastomosis (p=0.021) in group IV compared to group V. Tumor take was significantly greater at all sites except for subcutis in group VI compared to VII (all p〈0.022). Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with less postoperative weight loss and less tumor take compared to open surgery. CO2 insufflation appears to increase tumor take.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets bénéfiques des transfusions de sang sur la survie des organes greffés ont été établis par de nombreuses études chez l'animal et chez l'homme. La suppression de ces effets par la splénectomie fait l'objet de cette étude expérimentale menée chez les chiens de race beagle. Ces chiens reçurent 3 fois une transfusion de 100 ml de sang provenant de chiens bâtards, 4, 3, et 2 semaines avant la transplantation d'un rein de chien bâtard ou avant une splénectomie. Sept des chiens transfusés furent splénectomisés une semaine avant la transplantation, neuf ne furent pas splénectomisés et un groupe de contrôle de neuf chiens qui avaient reçu une allogreffe ne furent ni transfusés ni splénectomisés. Tous les chiens greffés reçurent un traitement immuno-suppresseur postopératoire par azathioprine et prednisolone. Comme cela a déjà été démontré, l'étude entreprise a permis de constater que les 3 transfusions préopératoires chez les chiens qui ne furent pas splénectomisés se sont soldées par un prolongement significatif de la durée de survie du rein greffé; en effet les chiens transfusés ont survécu plus de 3 semaines, période au cours de laquelle 50% des reins greffés furent rejetés dans le groupe de contrôle; 4 des 9 chiens qui avaient été transfusés avant l'intervention sont d'ailleurs entrés dans le groupe des survivants à long terme. En ce qui concerne le groupe des chiens transfusés puis splénectomisés, 70% des beagles greffés présentèrent une réaction de rejet au cours des 3 semaines suivant la greffe et un seul animal a survécu à long terme. L'absence des effets bénéfiques de la transfusion chez la majorité des chiens splénectomisés conduit à penser que, dans les conditions expérimentales suivies, la rate joue un rôle crucial dans l'induction et l'expression de ces effets.
    Abstract: Resumen El efecto benéfico de las transfusiones de sangre sobre la supervivencia de órganos transplantados ha sido confirmado en numerosos estudios en animales y en el hombre. Poco se conoce sobre el mecanismo involucrado en el fenómeno transfusional. El papel del bazo en la manifestación del fenómeno transicional fue estudiado en perros. Los perros fueron transfundidos tres veces con 100 ml de sangre canina 4, 3 y 2 semanas antes del transplante de riñón o la esplenectomía. Siete perros transfundidos fueron esplenectomizados una semana antes del transplante, nueve animales transfundidos no fueron esplenectomizados y un grupo control de nueve alotransplantes no fue transfundido ni esplenectomizado. Todos los recipientes recibieron inmunosupresión con azatioprina y prednisolona. Al igual que lo demostrado previamente, se encontró que la administración de 3 transfusiones pretransplante en el grupo no esplenectomizado resultó en una prolongación significativa de la supervivencia del transplante renal. Todos los animales transfundidos sobrevivieron por más de 3 semanas, periodo durante el cual más del 50% de los riñones en el grupo de control fue rechazado. Cuatro de 9 perros transfundidos se convirtieron en sobrevivientes a largo plazo. En el grupo transfundidoesplenectomizado, el 70% de los recipientes rechazaron el riñón en forma aguda en las primeras 3 semanas, y sólo un animal se convirtió en su perviviente a largo plazo. La ausencia del efecto transfusional en la mayoría de los animales esplenectomizados sugiere que, bajo las condiciones experimentales utilizadas, el bazo juega un papel crucial en la inducción y manifestación del fenómeno transfusional.
    Notes: Abstract The role of the spleen in the manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon was studied in beagle dogs. Beagles were transfused 3 times with 100 ml blood from different mismatched mongrel dogs, at 4, 3, and 2 weeks before mongrel kidney transplantation or splenectomy. Seven transfused dogs were splenectomized 1 week before transplantation, 9 transfused animals were not splenectomized, and a group of 9 kidney allografted controls was neither transfused nor splenectomized. All recipients were given postoperative immunosuppression, which consisted of azathioprine and prednisolone. As with earlier demonstrations it was found that 3 pretransplant blood transfusions in the nonsplenectomized group led to a significant prolongation of kidney graft survival. All transfused animals survived for more than 3 weeks, a period in which more than 50% of the kidneys in the control group were rejected. Four out of 9 transfused dogs became long-term survivors. In the transfused-splenectomized group, 70% of the recipients rejected their kidney acutely within 3 weeks, and only one animal became a long-term survivor. The absence of a transfusion effect in most of the splenectomized dogs suggests that, under the experimental conditions employed, the spleen plays a crucial role for the induction and manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 960 -963 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Adhesions — Prosthetic materials — Mesh — Rat — Incisional hernia — Hernia repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In many cases, incisional hernia repair requires the use of prosthetic materials. The aim of this experimental study in a rat model was to assess the role of polyglactin 910 mesh and fluoropassivated polyester mesh in preventing the formation of adhesions. Methods: In the first experiment, the formation of peritoneal adhesions was assessed after insertion of polypropylene, polypropylene combined with polyglactin 910, or no mesh. In the second experiment, adhesion formations were compared after insertion of fluoropassivated polyester, polypropylene, and no mesh. Results: The first experiment showed no significant difference in adhesion formations between the polypropylene mesh and the combined mesh; however, when no mesh was used, there were significantly fewer adhesions in both experiments (p 〈 0.01). The second experiment showed a significantly lower degree of adhesions and a lower Adhesion Index after insertion of fluoropassivated polyester mesh than when polypropylene mesh was used (p= 0.04). Conclusions: Adding polyglactin 910 mesh to polypropylene mesh to prevent the formation of adhesions is not an effective measure. Fluoropassivated polyester meshes appear to provide a better alternative to the use of polypropylene meshes for incisional hernia repair in humans in terms of the formation of adhesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Small bowel transplantation ; rat — Donor pretreatment ; small bowel transplantation — ALS ; small bowel transplantation ; rat — Cyclosporin ; small bowel transplantation ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After fully allogeneic small bowel transplantation, both graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and rejection may occur. Donor pretreatment may prevent GVHD, but this sometimes leads to accelerated graft rejection. To study a possible balance between GVHD and rejection, fully allogeneic total orthotopic small bowel transplantation was performed in rats using the WAG-to-BN donorhost combination. Untreated control grafts were rejected in 16.6±2.7 days (mean ±SEM), and 35% of the animals had mild, transient GVHD. Pretreatment of the donor with antilymphocyte serum on days-2 and-1 before grafting, either intravenously or intraperitoneally, completely eliminated the occurrence of clinical GVHD but led to significantly shortened survival times (12.3±0.8 and 10.3±0.9 days, respectively). Donor pretreatment with 50 mg/kg cyclosporin (CyA) on days-2 and-1 prolonged graft survival significantly to 22.1 days but had no significant effect on the incidence of GVHD. Administration of 25 mg/kg CyA on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 after grafting prolonged survival to 38.3 days with no evidence of GVHD. Pretreatment of the donor with antilymphocyte serum (ALS), combined with the same postoperative, short-term CyA regimen, increased survival to more than 50 days, again with no evidence of GVHD. When CyA was used as both donor pretreatment and postoperative therapy, there was no survival advantage compared to the use of postoperative CyA alone. These results show that an in vivo balance between GVHD and rejection exists and that abrogation of GVHD leads to accelerated rejection. Immunosuppression of the recipient may overrule this accelerated rejection while preserving the beneficial effect of donor pretreatment: elimination of clinical GVHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-8280
    Keywords: kidney transplantation ; OKT3 ; rejection prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen kidney transplant recipients received the IgG2a anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 and azathioprine as rejection prophylaxis during the first two postoperative weeks. Concomitant immunosuppression consisted of low dose steroids while cyclosporine A therapy was instituted on day 12. Side effects included fever, bronchospasm, hypotension and diarrhoea. OKT3 caused T cell modulation resulting in CD3 dim +, CD4+ or CD8+, CD5+, WT31− and 11F2−cells. Anti-OKT3 antibodies were found in approximately 50% of the patients. The protocol induced a 100% patient and graft survival and a 81% actuarial freedom of rejection at 18 months. It prevented CsA associated nephrotoxicity in the direct postoperative phase. These beneficial effects outweighed the side effects of OKT3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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