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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using generalizability theory to estimate the dependability of aggregate-level variables (1984)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 18 (1984), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167760
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrections for coarsely categorized measures: LISREL's polyserial and polychoric correlations (1987)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 21 (1987), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Versions 5 and 6 of LISREL (Joreskog and Sorbom, 1981) contain procedures that estimate the underlying correlation between continuous variables on the basis of crude rank category measures. The procedures assume that the distribution of the measured variables would have been bivariate normal if they had not been categorized. Using survey data and simulations, the accuracy of these polyserial/polychoric (P/P) based estimates of the underlying correlations are compared with those based on simple equal distance scoring of the categories. The results indicate that under some conditions, e.g., nearly normally distributed variables and moderate to high correlations, the polyserial/polychoric based estimates are better. Under other conditions, e.g., a moderate to high degree of skew and kurtosis and low correlations, the equal distance score based estimates are better. Under all conditions, the amount of error decreases fairly rapidly as the number of categories is increased from two to five.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172562
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between ordinal measures and their underlying values: Why all the disagreement? (1985)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 19 (1985), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170998
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using LISREL models with crude rank category measures (1988)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 22 (1988), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Recent versions of LISREL (Joreskög and Sorbom, 1983) contain procedures for estimating polyserial and polychoric correlations from crude rank category measures. In this paper, the accuracy of these procedures for estimating the relationship between constructs in both a single and a multiple indicator model is compared to that of using Pearsonian correlations based on equal distance scoring of the rank categories. In these comparisons, a variety of multivariate nonnormal distributions were simulated and the average bias and average absolute error of the estimated relationships between underlying constructs were calculated. These estimates were affected by the number of rank categories for each measure, the correlations among measures, their skewness and kurtosis, and the correlation between underlying constructs. The most important finding is that although the polychoric procedure can be helpful in estimating the correlation between unobserved variables in single indicator models, it does not improve estimates based on Pearsonian correlations in the multiple indicator model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223041
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the Convergence/Divergence of “Serious Crime” Arrest Rates for Males and Females: 1960–1995 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of quantitative criminology 15 (1999), S. 97-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7799
    Keywords: convergence hypothesis ; male–female arrest rates ; time series methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Abstract It is now almost a quarter of a century since Adler (1975) and Simon (1975)stimulated a debate about the convergence of crime rates for men andwomen. The ensuing debate generated literally dozens of papers. Given theexistence of a series that now extends from 1960 to 1995, this papersuggests an appropriate way to examine the convergence hypothesis usingtime series techniques. These techniques take into consideration the effectsof the following factors: (a) random “shocks” or“innovations,” (b) the potentially lasting effects of suchinnovations, and (c) the autocorrelation that time series oftenexhibit. Using time series techniques on annual data, we examine trends inthe arrest rates for males and females for six Part I crimes (homicide,robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft)for the years 1960 through 1995. We test for convergence, divergence, notrend, and a special condition of equilibrium between series calledcointegration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007518326031
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalizability coefficients are reliability coefficients (1995)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 29 (1995), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Generalizability theory explicitly recognizes that multiple sources of error and true score variance exist and that measures may have different reliabilities in different situations. Thus, it enjoys many advantages over classic true score theory; however, it is relatively little used by social science researchers outside of educational psychology. This unfortunate situation has arisen, in part, because researchers do not realize that the coefficients of generalizability, which generalizability theory produces, are reliability coefficients. Labelling these coefficients as reliability coefficients should increase interest in, and the use of, generalizability theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01106066
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of sampling on measures of association between variables based on sample means (1992)
    Springer
    Quality & quantity 26 (1992), S. 409-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7845
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Many studies that involve people's perceptions or behaviors focus on aggregate rather than individual responses. For example, variables describing public perceptions for some set of events may be represented as mean scores for each event. Event mean scores then become the unit of analysis for each variable. The variance of these mean scores for a variable is not only a function of the variation among the events themselves, but is also due to the variation among respondents and their possible responses. This is also the case for the covariances between variables based on event mean scores. In many contexts the variance and covariance components attributable to the sampling of respondents and their responses may be large; these components can be described as measurement error. In this paper we show how to estimate variances and covariances of aggregate variables that are free of these sources of measurement error. We also present a measure of reliability for the event means and examine the effect of the number of respondents on these spurious components. To illustrate how these estimates are computed, forty-two respondents were asked to rate forty events on seven risk perception variables. Computing the variances and covariances for these variables based on event means resulted in relatively large components attributable to measurement error. A demonstration is given of how this error is removed and the resulting effect on our estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170452
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An exploratory study of social class and energy issues (1980)
    Springer
    Political behavior 2 (1980), S. 371-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6687
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between a Marxian class measure based upon individuals' relations to the means of production and three types of survey items dealing with energy and conservation issues; knowledge items, attitude items, and items concerned with behavioral change. We also compare the relationship between three commonly used measures of socioeconomic status (SES) (family income, personal income, and education) and these same items regarding energy and conservation. In this manner we attempt to determine whether a particular Marxian class measure can provide insights in this issue area which are not provided by the traditional measures of SES. Contrary to previous research, our major finding is that the three traditionally accepted indicators of SES are related to many more energy and conservation items than is our measure of Marxian class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990174
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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