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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Candidal infection of the gingiva in HIV-infected persons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 23 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gingival biopsies were taken from 27 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-seropositive persons with gingivitis or periodontitis and 16 HIV-seronegative persons with periodontitis. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid-Schiff. Candidal hyphae and pseudohyphae were found in the para-keratinized oral epithelium in 7 specimens from the HIV-infected patient group and in the connective tissue close to the bottom of the gingival pocket in one such specimen. No fungal invasion was found in any of the biopsies from the HIV-seronegative persons. Candidal invasion was significantly more frequent (P〈0.05) in patients with a confirmed history of necrotizing periodontal diseases (5/9) than in patients without known episodes of such diseases (3/18). The most prominent histopathologic changes observed in connection with candidal invasion comprised polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration of the oral gingival epithelium and numerous mitoses, some of which were located suprabasally. It is suggested that Candida albicans may contribute to the development of necrotizing periodontal diseases in HIV-infected persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb01109.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-sectional study of the effects of immunosuppressive agents on humoral immune responses to 6 oral microorganisms in humans (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 21 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specific serum antibodies o the IgM. IgG and IgA classes against extracts from Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Capnoc ytophaga ochracea, Eubacterium saburreum, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Selenomonas sputigena were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study groups were: (1) 15 renal transplant recipients, (2) 5 patients treated with hemodialysis, (3) 29 systemically healthy subjects with healthy periodontium and (4) 23 systemically healthy persons with chronic periodontitis. The renal patient groups showed significant evidence of alveolar bone loss, had abundant dental plaque, but significantly (p〈0.05) fewer bleeding gingival units and lower mean pocket depth than the periodontitis group. Two-way analyses of variance, comparing the renal patient groups with the healthy control group, showed statistically significant group effects for the specific IgG responsiveness during hemodialysis (F=4.94, p〈0.05) and the IgA responses in the renal transplant group (F=7.78. p〈0.05) (reduced values). As compared with the periodontitis group, the renal patient groups displayed significantly (p〈0.05) lower serum antibody concentrations against B. gingivalis. C. ochracea and F. nucleatum within at least 2 of the 3 immunoglobulin isotypes assayed. The results support the contention that some forms of periodontitis are mediated by prolonged low-grade local immune reactions which at times may escape homeostatic control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01491.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parotid salivary S-IgA antibodies during exjreimental gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 37 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Jresons who smoke display a less pronounced increase of gingival bleeding in the exjreimental gingivitis model as compared with non-smokers. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this could partly be explained by differences in levels of parotid total secretory IgA (S-IgA) or parotid S-IgA reactive with selected oral microorganisms. Parotid saliva samples were obtained from 11 smoking and 14 non-smoking volunteers, at baseline, after 5 and 14 days of full mouth exjreimental gingivitis. Output levels of total S-IgA and of specific S-IgA reactive with cell extracts from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus mutans were determined in the samples by means of ELISA. Smokers and non-smokers were found to have similar output levels (μg/min) of total S-IgA, and the values did not significantly change during the exjreimental gingivitis trial. Parotid salivary outputs (units/min) of the bacteria-specific S-IgA at baseline and at days 5 and 14, were not different between smokers and non-smokers; no changes were observed during the exjreimental gingivitis trial. The present observations indicate that total S-IgA and bacteria-specific S-IgA in saliva are not main factors that can explain the less pronounced increase of gingival bleeding in the exjreimental gingivitis model in smokers as compared with non-smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00360.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High numbers of T cells in gingiva from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 24 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A quantitative, immunohistologic evaluation of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+ cells was carried out on gingival biopsies from 25 HIV-infected persons with gingivitis or periodontitis and 13 HIV-seronegative persons with periodontitis. CD3+ T cells were found in all biopsies. CD8+ cells were significantly more numerous and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly decreased in the gingival connective tissue of the HIV+ patients (P 〈 0.05). The number of CD4+ lymphocytes subjacent to the pocket epithelium was moderately lower in the HIVH patients as compared to the HIV+ patients (P 〈 0.05). HIV+ patients with a history of necrotizing periodontal disease had fewer CD4+ cells subjacent to the oral gingival epithelium than patients without such disease (P 〈 0.05). The general HIV-related changes in T lymphocyte numbers were therefore reflected in inflamed gingival tissues. HIV+ patients had, however, significantly higher CD4+/CD8+ ratios in gingiva than in peripheral blood (P 〈 0.05), indicating that CD4+ T cells are actively recruited to gingiva, even in cases of extreme CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01211.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gingival mast cells in persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Mast cells are a prominent cell type in the gingival infiltrate in periodontitis. In this study we examined the expression by gingival mast cells of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.Methods:  Gingival specimens from 12 human immunodeficiency virus-negative (HIV–) and 15 HIV-positive (HIV+) patients with chronic marginal periodontitis (CMP), and from 10 HIV– and four HIV+ controls with clinically healthy gingiva (HG) were examined after double immunofluorescence staining for mast cell tryptase, combined with antibodies for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 or their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.Results:  In the HIV+CMP, HIV+HG and HIV–CMP groups, all mast cells expressed MMP-1 and MMP-8, whereas a smaller proportion (40–60%) in the HIV–HG controls displayed such staining. The former groups also displayed a significantly higher proportion (39–64%) of mast cells expressing MMP-2 as compared with the HIV–HG group (21–31%). All groups displayed similar proportions of TIMP-1 expressing mast cells (86–100%), whereas significantly increased proportions of TIMP-2+ mast cells were seen in the HIV+CMP, HIV+HG and HIV–CMP groups (18–25%) as compared with the HIV–HG group (8–13%). Mast cells were the cell type that most prominently expressed MMP-1 and MMP-8. MMP-2 expression was also strong in mast cells, but was also similarly expressed in other cell types.Conclusion:  The chronically inflamed periodontal lesions in the present study appeared with little evidence of mast cell degranulation. The results show, however, that mast cells in inflamed gingiva have the potential to degrade extracellular matrix if appropriately triggered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00687.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    über das Karyogramm der menschlichen Leber unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen (1966)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 341 (1966), S. 85-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary From birth to 13 years the liver parenchyma contains only diploid nuclei. A small tetraploid collective, first appearing at 13 years, is always demonstrable at 40 years and increases from that time to senility. The binucleate cells behave in the same manner. Large nuclei of octoploid and higher values reveal an increase from 60 years and reach their maximum after 70 years. The development of polyploid nuclei is a consequence of mitotic disturbances which normally take place first at the end of the growing period — during the transition from cellular multiplication (i.e. partially exponential growth) to cellular replacement; and second, during aging. During the steady state period the physiological replacement of liver cells is guaranteed by regular cellular and nuclear divisions. Aberrations of the typical human karyogram are demonstrated in some cases of hepatitis, posthepatitic conditions and cirrhoses. A number of polyploid nuclei, greater than to be expected for the respective time of life, may signify former regeneration processes or indicate a disturbance of the physiological replacement of cells (the mildest grade of hepatocellular damage). Consequently, the determination of such an abnormal number of polyploid nuclei is of diagnostic value.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bis zum 13. Lebensjahr enthÄlt das Leberparenchym fast ausschlie\lich diploide Kerne. Ein kleines tetraploides Kollektiv tritt mit dem 13. Lebensjahr erstmals in Erscheinung, ist mit dem 40. Lebensjahr konstant nachweisbar und nimmt im Laufe der weiteren Entwicklung bis ins Senium hinein an Umfang zu. Die zweikernigen Zellen verhalten sich gleichsinnig. Gro\kerne der oktoploiden Grö\enordnung und darüber lassen erst ab dem 6. Lebens Jahrzehnt eine deutliche Zunahme erkennen, die in der 7. Lebensdekade ihr Maximum erreicht. Die Entstehung polyploider Kerne wird auf Störungen der Zell- und Kernteilungen zurückgeführt, die normalerweise einmal am Ende der Wachstumsperiode — beim übergang vom cellulÄren Vermehrungswachstum zum Ersatzwachstum —, zum anderen beim Altern des Organismus in den Vordergrund treten. Im „steady state“ der Lebenshöhe wird der physiologische Zellersatz durch regelhafte Zell- und Kernteilungen gewÄhrleistet. An FÄllen von Virushepatitis, Zustand nach Hepatitis und Cirrhose werden gewisse Abweichungen vom normalen Karyogramm dargestellt. Eine für die jeweilige Lebensstufe zu hohe Zahl an polyploiden Kernen weist entweder auf abgelaufene Regenerationsprozesse oder auf eine BeeintrÄchtigung des physiologischen Zellersatzes — und damit auf leichteste Grade einer hepatocellulÄren SchÄdigung — hin. Die Feststellung eines solchen abnormen ZahlenverhÄltnisses hat also diagnostischen Wert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00958971
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of New Drinking Water Disinfection by - Products from Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, Chloramine, and Chlorine (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 123 (2000), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: chloramine ; chlorine ; chlorine dioxide ; disinfection by-products ; drinking water ; ozone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Many drinking water treatment plants are currently using alternative disinfectants to treat drinking water, with ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine being the most popular. However, compared to chlorine, which has been much more widely studied, there is little information about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) that these alternative disinfectants produce. Thus, it is not known if the DBPs from alternative disinfectants are safer or more hazardous than those formed by chlorine. To answer this question, we have set out to comprehensively identify DBPs formed by these alternative disinfectants, as well as by chlorine. The results presented here represent a compilation of the last 8 years of our research in identifying new DBPs from ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and chlorine. We also include results from recent studies of Israel drinking water disinfected with both chlorine dioxide and chloramine. Over 200 DBPs were identified, many of which have never been reported. In comparing by-products formed by the different disinfectants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine formed fewer halogenated DBPs than chlorine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005265509813
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