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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using commercial monoclonal antibodies against actin and tubulin (α and β), the respective antigens were localized on semithin and ultrathin sections of the rat testis. Tubulin immunofluorescence was found in the socalled manchette surrounding the heads of the maturating spermatids as well as the sperm tail. The distribution pattern varied with sperm development. Modified Sertoli cells found at the transition between the seminiferous tubules and the rete testis displayed much filamentous tubulin-reactive material. The immunofluorescence findings could be confirmed at the ultrastructural level using the indirect immunogold method. Actin immunofluorescence was demonstrated in vascular smooth muscle cells, interstitial macrophages and — most intensely — in peritubular cells. Inside the seminiferous tubules the Sertoli cell junctions and the ectoplasmic specializations of the Sertoli cells that follow the outer contour of spermatid heads displayed distinct actin immunofluorescence. In addition to the locations mentioned, actin-like immunoreactivity was visualized at the ultrastructural level in the chromatoid body and the subacrosomal space of spermatids as well as on the outer dense fibers of the sperm tail. Immunoblotting experiments with actin antibodies showed that in extracts from testicular spermatozoa, intact or fragmented into heads and tails, from isolated Sertoli cells grown in vitro, and from testis tissue in addition to authentic actin a protein was present in sperm tail extracts that strongly bound the actin antibody. This protein may be an actin-related protein and may be responsible for the actin-like immunoreactivity of the outer dense fibers of the sperm tail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 525-530 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transglutaminases are Ca2+-dependent intra-and extracellular enzymes catalyzing the cross-linking between proteins and/or polyamines, thereby eliciting divergent physiological effects such as fibrin clot stabilization or hair follicle cross-linking. A secretory transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) was isolated from the coagulating gland of the rat. The protein is highly glycosylated. A fraction purified to homogeneity was used as an antigen to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. These antibodies were used to identify the secretion sites of the protein within the male accessory sex glands as well as to study the immunological relationships of the respective antigen within different organs of different species. In the rat, the coagulating gland and likewise the dorsal prostate gave a positive immunoreaction. In the guinea pig, a closely related protein was detected in the anterior prostate. No cross-reactivity was found with membrane-bound transglutaminase from liver, erythrocytes or blood clotting factor XIIIa. The intraluminal secretion of the aforementioned glands was only weakly stained. No secretory granules were observed in the glandular epithelium but instead bleb-like structures reminiscent of apocrine secretion. A slight background stain of the epithelium remained even in castrated animals where secretion is largely suppressed. The background stain is attributed to a tissue-type, membrane-bound, non-secretory transglutaminase that is not androgen dependent, but instead synthesized only after androgen deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sulfhydryl oxidase (SOx), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl compounds, appears in the spermatogenic cells of rat and hamster testes in a stage-dependent manner. It first appears in pachytene spermatocytes at stage I in both the animal species studied. SOx immunoreactivity is associated with mitochondria of these cells. The fate of such mitochondria is species-dependent. In rat, the immunoreactive mitochondria aggregate during maturation phase and are retained in the residual bodies. Spermatozoa free of SOx are released into the lumen. On the other hand, in hamster, the immunoreactive mitochondria arrange themselves around the midpiece of spermatozoa. In such a case, residual bodies lack SOx. The appearance of SOx coincides with the appearance of LDH-X in the spermatogenic cells. Like many other proteins such as LDH-X, RSA-1 and cytochrome ct, SOx provides yet another example of differential gene activation associated with a developmental process of gametes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 872-872 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Acid-base balance ; pHa ; Bicarbonate ; Thermal polypnea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to determine if the decrease in $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ and the concomitant increase in pHa seen during acute (less than 24 h) hyperthermia in all mammals was modified when the hyperthermia was maintained for periods longer than 1 day. Catheters were placed in the descending aortas of anesthetized ewes (pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg, i.v.). After recovery from the surgery, arterial blood samples were drawn daily during a 7 day control period and an 8 day period of continuous hyperthermia. In all animals $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ decreased and remained low during the entire hyperthermic period. $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ (torr) andT r (°C) were inversely correlated by the equation: $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ = −6.08T r+267.8 (r=0.84). There was an initial alkalosis with hyperthermia, however pH tended to decrease after the fifth day of hyperthermia. Calculated bicarbonate decreased during hyperthermia. The evidence suggested that when body temperature was increased in sheep, $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ was maintained at a lower value. The low $$Pa_{CO_2 }$$ value was maintained independent of changes in pHa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: anal cancer ; cisplatin ; 5-fluorouracil ; phase II study ; radiation therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil–mitomycin C) concomitant withradiotherapy (RT) increases local control and colostomy-free survival inadvanced anal canalcarcinomas (ACC). The purpose of this prospective trial was to analyse thetoxicity of and response to an induction chemotherapy combining 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and CDDP administered concomitantly with irradiation. Patients and methods: Thirty patients (24 F/6 M, mean age 60, range38–74) with an advanced ACC 〉40 mm and/or with node involvement wereprospectively treated (1 T1, 16 T2, 8 T3, 5 T4, 10 N1, 1 N2, 8 N3) fromNovember 1994 to January 1996. Two induction and two concomitant cycles of5-FU(800 mg/m2 D1–4 infusion) and CDDP (80mg/i.v./m2 at D1) were delivered. RT consisted of 45 Gy (1.8Gy/fr, 5 fr/w) on pelvis ± inguinal nodes or 30 Gy (3 Gy/fr, 4 fr/w)by direct perineal field. A boost (15–20 Gy) was delivered six weekslater. Results: Toxicity: one patient died of a pulmonary embolism on D4.The remaining 29 received the entire treatment, with reduced 5-FU doses in 11patients because of acute toxicity. The RT boost was delayed for one patient(aplasia). In 109 cycles, 3 grade 4 and 17 grade 3 toxicities were observed;there were no toxic deaths. Tumor response: the complete response (CR)and partial response (PR) rates were, respectively, 11% and 61%after induction chemotherapy, 59% and 31% after concomitantradiochemotherapy and 96% and 0% two months after completion ofthe treatment. No tumor progression was observed. Conclusion: the treatment was well tolerated and there was good compliance.After induction chemotherapy, most of the patients were in PR, with some evenin CR. After completion of the treatment all but one were in CR. The tumorresponse and the long term results of 50 patients will be analysed beforeinitiation of a randomised trial is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 179-190 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; high pressures ; high teperaturm syringe pumps ; vibrating U-tube
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A vibrating U-tube apparatus has been developed for determining the densities of pure fluids and fluid mixtures at 10-200 MPa and 323-773 K. Measured parameters areP,T, andr (period of vibration). Fluids are injected into the U-tube at constantP andT. Three or more reference fluids are used to calibrate the response of the instrument. Fluid mixtures are produced by pumping pure fluids into T-junctions on the upstream side of the U-tube using high accuracy syringe pumps. An automated syringe pump is used to maintainP at setpoint ±0.01 MPa.T is controlled to ±0.01 K using a closed-loop, electronic signal amplification/feedback system. For mixtures, a statistically significant number of measurements of r are obtained to account for the effects of small heterogeneities in fluid composition (generally 〈0.005X;). Typically, density data for 15 fluids can be obtained in a 6- to 8-h period. Considering all of the potential sources of error in the experimentation, conservative estimates of uncertainty are as follows:P, ±0.02 MPa;T, ±0.05 K;p (pure fluids), ±0.0005g.cm−3; andp (fluid mixtures), ±0.0005-0.0010g-cm−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fokale Leberläsion ; Computertomographie ; Kernspintomographie ; Angiographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die wesentlichen radiologischen Methoden zum Nachweis von Raumforderungen in der Leber. Die Vor- und Nachteile der jeweiligen Techniken werden erörtert und Qualitätsmerkmale zur Beurteilung insbesondere computertomographischer Bilder gegeben. Die radiologische Diagnostik ergänzt im Regelfall den Ultraschall mit seinen modifizierten Anwendungen. Kommt sie zum Einsatz, dominiert die Computertomographie, meist kombiniert mit angiographischen Techniken. Die Wertlosigkeit der radiologischen Diagnostik bei malignen oder benignen Raumforderungen in der Leber wird anhand der entsprechenden Krankheitsbilder eingehend erläutert, auch im Vergleich und in Ergänzung zu anderen nicht radiologischen Untersuchungsmethoden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 5 (1977), S. 14-22 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A pharmacokinetic model has been developed for erythromycin involving seven transfer or interaction steps. The major steps describing the role of erythromycin derivatives and dosage form design in the absorptive process, impact of protein binding on drug distribution, specificity of erythromycin for bacterial ribosomes, and the determination of serum half-life for various erythromycin salts and dosage forms, are discussed. Bioavailability data for several erythromycin products, including erythromycin stearate film-coated tablets (250 mg and 500 mg), erythromycin stearate oral suspension, erythromycin base enteric-coated and film-coated tablets, erythromycin ethyl succinate suspension and sachets, and erythromycin lactobionate i. v. are presented. Effects of clinical protocol and formulation differences on drug serum levels are briefly described. The authors express concern with the over-extrapolation of bioavailability results to clinical dosage regimens and use.
    Abstract: Résumé Un modèle pharmacocinétique comprenant 7 étapes d'interaction ou de tranfert médicamenteux a été développé. Les étapes principales, décrivant lé rôle des dérivés et des formes pharmaceutiques de l'érythromycine dans le processus de l'absorption, l'influence de la fixation par les protéines sur la distribution du principe actif, la spécificité de l'érythromycine pour les ribosomes bactériens et la détermination de la vie moyenne dans le sérum pour différents sels et formes pharmaceutiques de l'érythromycine sont discutées. Les données de biodisponibilité pour plusieurs produits à base d'érythromycine, y compris les comprimés filmtab de stéarate d'érythromycine (`a 250 mg et à 500 mg), la suspension orale de stéarate d'érythromycine, les comprimés acidorésistants et à enrobage fin d'érythromycine base, la suspension et les sachets d'éthylsuccinate d'érythromycine ainsi que le lactobionate d'érythromycine i. v. sont présentées. Les effets de différences dans les protocoles cliniques et dans les formulations sur les taux sériques du principe actif sont brièvement décrits. Les auteurs expriment leur préoccupation au sujet de l'extrapolation exagérée des résultats de la biodisponibilité en ce qui concerne les schémas posologiques et l'utilisation de ces médicaments en clinique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es ist ein pharmakokinetisches Modell für Erythromycin entwickelt worden, das sieben Übertragungsbzw. Wechselwirkungsstufen umfaßt. Die Hauptstufe, welche die Rolle der Erythromycin-Derivate und -Darreichungsformen im Resorptionsprozeß, den Einfluß der Eiweißbindung auf die Wirkstoffverteilung, die Spezifität von Erythromycin für bakterielle Ribosomen und die Bestimmung der Halbwertzeit im Serum für verschiedene Erythromycin-Salze und - Darreichungsformen beschreiben, werden besprochen. Bioverfügbarkeitsbefunde für zahlreiche Erythromycin-Präparate, einschließlich Erythromycin-Stearat-Filmtabletten (zu 250 mg und 500 mg), Erythromycin-Stearat Orale Suspension, magenresistente und filmüberzogene Erythromycin-Base-Tabletten, Erythromycin-Äthylsuccinat-Suspension und -Sachets sowie Erythromycin-Lactobionat i. v., werden behandelt. Auswirkungen von unterschiedlichen klinischen Protokollen und Formulierungen auf die Serumspiegel des Wirkstoffes werden kurz beschrieben. Die Autoren drücken ihre Bedenken aus in bezug auf eine übermäßige Extrapolation der Bioverfügbarkeitsbefunde auf klinische Dosierungsschemen und Verwendung.
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