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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 25 (1960), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 11 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fish hydrolysate was produced from homogenized mackerel using bromelain to increase the rate and extent of proteolysis. Measurement of the extent of hydrolysis and conversion of insoluble to soluble nitrogen compounds after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 14 days of incubation at 38°C showed that a hydrolysate having some of the characteristics of an oriental fish sauce could be formed from mackerel within this period with a net protein conversion rate of over 75%, but it was necessary to include a 24 hr incubation period prior to the addition of salt.The technique was used for the investigation of the causative agents of aroma production in the mackerel homogenate. Assuming that the proteolysis was still carried out by the protease, the mackerel homogenate was subjected to heat treatment, or mixed with antibiotics, or TGA prior to addition of bromelain. These treatments caused the loss of some of the constituents (associated with oriental fish sauce aroma) which suggests that with mackerel, micro-organisms play a significant role in aroma development. The method could be used for the investigation of sauces prepared from oriental fish; as the causative agents of aroma production might well be different. The bacteria, involved with mackerel could easily produce harmful products which were not investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 40 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 29 (1964), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under anaerobic culture conditions, 120 cultures of sporeforming rods were isolated from fresh and cured pork trimmings and from pork luncheon meat; 22 of these proved to be obligate anaerobic putrefactive organisms. Studied by the Reed and Orr method of rapid identification, the following species were identified: Clostridium. tetanomorphum, Cl. novyi, Cl. carnis, Cl. paraputrificum, Cl. tetani, Cl. histolyticum, and Cl. sporogenes. One culture was similar to Clostridium sp. National Canners Association putrefactive anaerobe 3679 (PA 3679). Serological relationships were determined by using antisera for Cl. sporogenes and PA 3679. No cross agglutination was obtained between Cl. sporogenes and PA 3679. An organism identified biochemically as Cl. carnis agglutinated in dilutions of 1:5120 of PA 3679 antiserum, indicating a very close serological relationship. Several organisms revealed antigens in common with Cl. sporogenes. The organism with biochemical reactions similar to PA 3679 showed no serological relationship to the known species. Serological relationships correlated with heat resistance while biochemical reactions did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 26 (1961), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Changes in the lipids of soybeans brought about by Rhizopus orysae during the production of tempeh were studied. The mold possesses strong lipase activity and caused the hydrolysis of over one-third of the neutral fat of the soybean during the three-day fermentation. The fatty acid composition of soybean tempeh was compared with that of cooked soybeans by vapor-phase chromatography of the methylesters. The neutral fat was composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, with linoleic acid predominating. These acids were liberated during fermentation in roughly the same proportions found in soybeans after heating 90 min at 100°C. During the most active mold growth, proportionately higher levels of palmitic acid were found, and the level of linoleic acid was somewhat lower. Except for the depletion of some 40% of the linolenic acid in the later stages of the fermentation, there apparently was no preferential utilization of any fatty acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Saccharomyces rouxii est un micro-organisme essentiel dans la fermentation des sauces de soja japonaises (shoyu, miso). Son activité optimale nécessite des concentrations en NaCl élevées, allant jusqu' à 18% (poids/volume), ou même davantage lorsque le pH du substrat est inférieur à 5,0. A pH 7,0 ou 4,5,S. rouxii se développe beaucoup plus rapidement et abondamment en présence qu'en l'absence de sel. Les cellules cultivées en présence de NaCl sont plus petites que celles cultivées sans sel. Du fait à la fois de leur surface moindre et de leur membrane plus épaisse, leur perméabilité passive est diminuée. Leurs teneurs en protéine brute, lipides totaux et glycérol sont sensiblement plus élevées. La teneur des cellules en lipides est déterminée par la pression osmotique, que celle-ci dépende de la concentration du milieu en NaCl ou en sucre. D'autre part, les cellules cultivées avec 18% de NaCl contiennent beaucoup moins de K+ et retiennent moins bien le potassium et le sodium que les cellules cultivées sans sel. L'activité triose-phosphate isomérase des cellules cultivées avec 18% de NaCl est supérieure à celle des cellules cultivées sans addition de sel.
    Abstract: Resumen Saccharomyces rouxii es un microorganismo esencial en los procesos fermentativos japoneses shoyu miso y de obtención de salsa de soja. La parte más importante de la actividad de esta levadura se desarrolla en medios con una elevada concentración de sal (hasta más de 18%) y pH inferiores a 5.0.Saccharomyces rouxii creció más rapidamente y alcanzó concentraciones celulares mayores en un medio sin sal que en un medio con 18% de sal, tanto a pH 7.0 como a pH 4.5. Las células desarrolladas en el medio con sal fueron de tamaño inferior que las obtenidas en el medio sin sal. La menor superficie de estas últimas combinada con un mayor espesor de su membrana celular resultan en una disminución del transporte pasivo. El contenido proteíco de las células desarrolladas en el medio sin sal fue de 36.0% contra 49.5% en las células obtenidas en el medio con 18% de NaCl y 43% en células desarrolladas en medios con un contenido en sal entre 6 y 12%. Las células obtenidas en un medio sin sal retuvieron de forma similar su contenido en Na+ y K+ independientemente de la solución de lavado y de la temperatura empleadas. El contenido de Na+ fue de 0.04–0.06 mg Na/g de materia seca y el de K+ 7.78–10.04 mg K/g de materia seca. Las células desarrolladas en un medio con adición de sal contenían menor cantidad de K+ (0.48–4.77 mg/g de materia seca) variando con las condiciones de lavado. Se observó que las células obtenidas en el medio con 18% de NaCl contenían más lípidos totales (10.13%) comparadas con las células desarrolladas sin sal (6.22%). La cantidad total de fosfatidilcolina y sus liso derivados fue de 72% para las células del medio salado contra 58% en las células sin sal. El contenido lipídico de las células refleja la presión osmótica, ya sea esta producto de la concentración de NaCl o de azucar. Al incrementar el contenido en sal de el medio desde 0–6% hasta 12–18% el contenido intracelular de glicerol aumentó proporcionalmente de 0.429–1.014 hasta 1.107–1.668 mg%. El contenido en triosafosfatoisomerasa de las células crecidas en el medio con 18% NaCl fue de 66.94 unidades/mg de proteína comparado con 42.82 unidades/mg de proteína en las células obtenidas en el medio sin adición de sal.
    Notes: Summary Saccharomyces rouxii is an essential micro-organism in the soy sauce/Japanese shoyu/Japanese miso fermentations. Its major activity occurs under conditions of high NaCl content, up to 18% or higher when the pH of the substrate is below 5.0.Saccharomyces rouxii grew much more rapidly and to higher cell population levels in the absence of added salt than with 18% (w/v) NaCl at either pH 7.0 or 4.5. Cells grown with 18% salt were smaller than those grown without added salt. Lower surface area combined with a thicker membrane decreased passive permeability. Growth in the presence of salt resulted in higher content of crude protein, total lipids, phosphatidyl choline and glycerol. The lipid content of the cells reflected the osmotic pressure whether it was caused by NaCl or sugar concentration in the medium. On the other hand, the cells grown in the presence of 18% NaCl contained much less K+ and retained potassium and sodium less efficiently. The triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) activity of cells grown in 18% NaCl medium was consistently higher than that of cells grown without added salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: TNM-FH Lepidopteran insect cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), while allowing limited vegetative growth of Paenibacillus larvae (wild-type strain), the causative agent of American foulbrood, contained no viable vegetative cells upon subculture, nor were any heat resistant spores produced in this medium alone. However, TNM-FH medium cotaining embryonic or midgut cells from Trichoplusia ni, hemocytes from Estigmene acrea, ovarian and embryonic cells from Spodoptera frugiperda, embryonic cells from Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua and Pseudaletia unipuncta or ovarian cells from Lymantria dispar, supported both heavy vegetative cell growth and moderate production of heat resistant spores. EX-CELL 405 serum-free insect cell culture medium alone appeared to contain the appropriate nutrients required for both vegetative growth and sporulation of P. larvae. However, in the presence of embryonic cells from T. ni, limited vegetative growth occurred and the P. larvae cells appeared to die off. This was confirmed by the fact that no colony growth occurred upon subculture, nor were any heat resistant spores detected. This was true also in the presence of fat body cells from T. ni, except that a limited number of spores (4,000/ml) were detected in the form of cology-forming units (CFU) on plates following heating to 80°C for 20 minutes. In a parallel study with a wild-type strain of Bacillus popilliae, vegetative cells grew only in TNM-FH medium in the presence of mid-gut BTI-Tn-MG and ovarian (Tn-368) cells of T. ni. No heat resistant spores, however, were detected in any of the cultures. When BTI-Tn-MG and Tn-368 cells were further challenged with four variant cultures of B. popilliae, vegetative growth and limited sporulation were achieved. The BTI-Tn-MG cell line in TNM-FH medium produced as many as 12,000 spores/ml after 21 days in culture.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 9 (1989), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calcium in soymilk was increased to that of human milk by the addition of 0.2% calcium lactate. It was, however, impossible to raise the calcium content of soymilk to that of cow's milk. The maximum amount of calcium lactate that could be added to soymilk without coagulation of the milk protein was found to be 0.45% which resulted in about 75 mg of Ca/100 ml of soymilk. This amount was approximately 60% of the calcium in cow's milk. Sodium citrate had to be added in combination with calcium lactate to reinforce colloidal stability of the milk. The ratio of Ca to P in the milk containing added 0.45% calcium lactate was comparable to that of cow's milk and at the amount normally consumed daily by infants and children it seemed to meet the requirements of Ca and P.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 3 (1983), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Asia is rich in resources which can contribute widely to food processing and production over the next 207-50 years as world population reaches 6 billion. The world needs low cost methods of providing nutritious proteinrich meat analogues for its thousands of millions of consumers. The Indonesian tempe fermentation will serve as a model. A bacterium present in commercial tempe can be used to add vitamin B-12 to other vegetarian foods. Fuel requirements for cooking can be decreased by applying a fungal fermentation of the tempe/ontjom type to legume substrates. The world needs high quality meat-flavors derived from vegetable protein. The soy sauce (kecap)/miso (tauco) processes and the fish/shrimp sauce and paste processes can be modified to yield a wide variety of meat-like flavors for use in formulating new foods. The protein content of high starch substrates can be increased by applying the Indonesian tape fermentation. Leavened sour-dough bread-like products can be produced without the use of wheat or ryeflours using the Indian idli/dosai fermentation. Coconut protein, if extracted without denaturing, can serve as a valuable base for a new type of puddings and related foods. Finally Asia is an almost endless source of cultures of edible microorganisms that, with further study of their synthetic abilities, particularly regarding amino acids and vitamins, could lead to new industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 4 (1984), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: “Solid-substrate” fermentation developed in the Orient is a very useful fermentation method. It is presently used to produce a variety of foods, beverages and related products. Solid-substrate fermentation products utilizing fungi including soy sauce, miso and tempe, ontjom, sake, and bread have been produced for centuries at the home and village level. They are examples of economical methods of preserving and improving the flavor, texture and nutritive values of cereal/legume substrates. “Solid-substrate” fermentation is also applied to animal products such as milk to produce Roquefort and Camembert cheeses which diversify the food flavors available to man“Solid-substrate”fermentation has certain advantages. The substrate is concentrated; the product can be extracted with relatively small quantities of solvent; the product can be easily dehydrated; moisture level can be controlled favoring the desired organisms; enzyme concentration is generally higher than is submerged fermentation; product concentration is generally higher than in submerged cultures; it is the only technique that yields true mushroom fruiting bodies and it can be used not only for production of crude enzyme concentrates (koji) but also for raising the protein content of high starch substrates. It also can be used to increase the content of vitamins at low cost. Disadvantages of “solid-substrates”from the modern industrial processing view point are the greater difficulty of handling solid substrate and the greater difficulty of controlling the fermentation parameters, temperature, pH and oxygen, and rate of microbial growth compared with liquid submerged fermentations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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