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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 10 (1986), S. 522-529 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours des dernières années la chirurgie en Allemagne Fédérale a bénéficié de développements nouveaux et intéressants. Dans le domaine de la clinique humaine on peut citer l'adoption de la vagotomie hypersélective pour traiter l'ulcère duodénal; des pinces à agrafes pour la chirurgie de l'oesophage, du bas rectum, du poumon et des bronches; l'obstruction du canal pancréatique par la prolamine (qui soulève de multiples discussions); la création d'unités de transplantation, particulièrement d'unités de transplantation rénale et de transplantation hépatique; l'implantation de centres de traumatologie fondés sur une coopération multidisciplinaire et bénéficiant d'un groupe de 35 hélicoptères pour assurer le ramassage des blessés. La recherche clinique peut faire état de travaux concernant la constitution d'un appareil sphinctérien pour assurer la continence de la colostomie; de la localisation biochimique peropératoire des insulinomes et des gastrinomes grâce aux dosages radioimmunologiques rapides (20 minutes et 30 minutes respectivement); de l'emploi peropératoire de l'échographie dans la chirurgie du foie, des voies biliaires et du pancréas; de la surveillance des greffés en ayant recours à la biopsie aspiration qui permet de déterminer la population cellulaire du rein ou du coeur transplanté et en fonction des données cytologiques obtenues d'apprécier les risques de rejet. La recherche expérimentale s'est attachée à l'étude de la fragmentation des calculs biliaires par des ondes de choc extra-corporelles méthode identique à celle employée avec succès pour traiter les calculs rénaux (plus de 40,000). Un forum chirurgical consacré à la recherche a été crée; il est en plein développement. La tendance à réduire l'hospitalisation, particulièrement en chirurgie pédiatrique pour réduire le budget de ce poste s'est développée. Un organisme dont le but est de contrôler la qualité des soins a été mis en place sur la base d'une participation volontaire des chirurgiens. Enfin, un examen oral a été institué à la fin des 6 années de résidence en chirurgie générale avant que le candidat puisse entreprendre une résidence de 2 ans dans le cadre de la spécialité qu'il a choisie, les connaissances au terme de ses études étant appréciées par un examen oral ultime.
    Abstract: Resumen Este artículo informa sobre recientes desarrollos en la cirugía alemana en relación a 3 aspectos : cirugía, clînica, investigación y actividades profesionales. En cuanto a la ulcéra duodenal, la vagotomía proximal ha ganado preferencia como el procedimiento de elección. El uso de los suturadores automáticos se ha hecho popular en la anastomosis esofagogástrica, transección esofágica por várices sangrantes, resecciones anteriores bajas por cáncer rectal, resecciones pulmonares atipicas y cierre del muñón bronquial; otras aplicaciones se han visto limitadas por razones económicas. Con el advenimiento de la prolamina se ha promulgado la oclusión del canal pancreático en pancreatitis crónica, despúes de resección pancreática y en transplante de páncreas. El transplante de órganos ha mostrado un vigoroso crecimiento en diversos centros de Alemania, y se han desarrollado métodos innovativos para la monitoria de los pacientes transplantados. El enfoque multidisciplinario bajo la dirección de un cirujano y la colaboración cercana del anestesiólogo en las fases tempranas, predomina en el manejo del paciente con trauma multiple en Alemania, país que posee un sofisticado sistema de rescate y transporte por helicóptero. Un nuevo tipo de colostomía continente utilizando músculo liso para la construcción de esfĺnter ha sido propuesto. La localización bioqumica intraoperatoria de insulinomas y de gastrinomas se ha hecho posible gracias al desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de rápida determinación immunológica. La utilización intraoperatoria de ultrasonido en cirugía de las vías biliares, del hígado y del páncreas toma creciente auge. Después de una considerable experiencia con litotripsia extracorpórea de cálculos urinarios, se ha iniciado el manejo de colelitiasis con resultados promisorios. En 1972 se introdujo el Forum Quirúrgico (Surgical Forum) en el Congreso Aleman de Cirugía, el cual presenta el panorama de investigación quirúrgica en la República Federal. Recientemente se inició el “rooming in” en cirugía pediátrica, con lo cual se han abreviado las hospitalizaciones. En 1982 se inició un programa voluntario de control de la calidad de la atención quirúrgica en los hospitales alemanes. Los programas de adiestramiento en cirugía general tienen 6 años de duración en Alemania; después el interesado debe completar 2 años de especialización en cirugía vascular, pediátrica, plástica, torácica y cardiovascular o trauma.
    Notes: Abstract A survey of the field of surgery in the Federal Republic of Germany finds numerous developments hi clinical, experimental, and professional activities within the country. For example, in 1985, a questionnaire found that almost all university hospitals and 70% of other hospitals now perform proximal gastric vagotomy without pyloroplasty on patients with duodenal ulcer. Further developments within clinical surgery include increased use of staplers, a resurgence in the use of pancreatic duct occlusion for chronic pancreatitis, the establishment of transplantation units, and the multidisciplinary approach to the care of multiple trauma patients. Clinical research is actively engaged in developing a new continent colostomy; in perfecting intraoperative biochemical localization of insulinomas and gastrinomas; in expanding the use of intraoperative ultrasound; and in monitoring transplant patients. The most noteworthy experimental research project at present is the use of extracorporeal shock wave treatment to fragment gallstones. Professional trends include a decline in the number of inpatient pediatric cases, an increased interest in quality control programs, and the expansion of postgraduate training in surgical subspecialities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 652-652 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Patients with organ failure ; Acid secretion ; Gastrin ; Acid inhibitory drugs ; Patienten mit Organinsuffizienz ; Säuresekretion ; Gastrin ; Säurehemmende Medikamente
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 9 Patienten auf der Intensivstation unserer Klinik mit einer oder mehrfacher Organinsuffizienz betrug die mittlere Säuresekretion/h unter Placebo 31 mEq, Cimetidin (8 × 200 mg i.v.) 7,5 mEq, Pirenzepin (4 × 10 mg i.v.) 22 mEq und Cimetidin + Pirenzepin 4,0 mEq. Alle Patienten zeigten eine Hypergastrinämie, die unter Placebo als auch unter der Medikamenten-Gabe bestehen blieb. Die erhöhten Gastrinwerte könnten einen Stimulus für die hohe Säuresekretion in diesen Streßulcus gefährdeten Patienten darstellen.
    Notes: Summary In nine patients at our intensive care unit with one or multiple organ failure, mean acid secretion/h was measured with placebo 31 mEq, cimetidine (8 × 200 mg IV) 7.5 mEq, pirenzepine (4 × 10 mg IV) 22 mEq and cimetidine + pirenzepine 4.0 mEq. All patients showed hypergastrinemia that was present under placebo as well as drug regimen. Increased gastrin might be one stimulus for increased acid secretion in these high-risk patients for stress ulceration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 632-633 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Malignant tumors ; Endocrine organs ; Peculiarities ; Maligne Tumoren ; Endokrine Organe ; Besonderheiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1960-1980 wurden an der Chirurgischen Klinik der Universität München 39 Patienten wegen maligner hormonaktiver Tumoren endokriner Organe operiert: 14 Patienten hatten ein medulläres Schilddrüsen-Carcinom, 5 ein Epithelkörperchen-Carcinom, 7 ein malignes Insulinom, 1 ein malignes Gastrinom und 12 Patienten ein Nebennierencarcinom (Cushing-Syndrom n = 10, AGS n = 1, Phäochromocytomn = 1). Die Besonderheiten dieser malignen Tumoren liegen in der Tumoreigenschaft selbst, Hormonsekretion, chirurgischer und spezieller medikamentöser Therapie.
    Notes: Summary In the department of surgery 39 patients had been operated upon from 1960 to 1980 because of malignant hormone-active tumors: 14 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, 5 with carcinoma of the parathyroid gland, 7 with malignant insulinoma, 1 with malignant gastrinoma, and 12 patients with carcinoma of the adrenals (Cushing's syndrome n = 10, AGS n = 1, pheochromocytoma n = 1). The peculiarity of these tumors is based upon the features of the tumor itself, of hormone secretion, and on surgical and special medical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 337 (1972), S. 135-146 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Deiters Neurones ; EPSPs ; Mossy Fibre Collaterals ; Ascending Pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out on cats, the chloralose anesthesia having been maintained by small doses of Thiopental in about half of the experiments. Intracellular recordings were evaluated from 256 Deiters neurones, which received EPSPs and/or IPSPs upon stimulation of the spinal cord. In respect to excitation, in 70% of these cells, stimulation of the spinal cord at C2-level evoked short latency EPSPs, which showed a bimodal latency distribution. Together with EPSP-latencies observed on stimulation of the lumbar cord the results indicate that a small group of EPSPs is evoked monosynaptically, whilst a major group is mediated via disynaptic linkages of fast conducting fibres. The possibility of a trisynaptic linkage is discussed. Deiters neurones can show rhythmic stimuluslocked discharges, probably based on the organization of synaptic excitation.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 360 (1975), S. 301-320 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebellar afferents ; Deiters neurones ; Postsynaptic potentials ; Purkinje cell inhibition ; Somatic afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic input to Deiters neurones evoked by stimulation of peripheral somatic nerves was measured by intracellular recordings. EPSPs with broad receptive fields and latencies which indicate polysynaptic connexions were commonly evoked from the FRA. In other cells, low threshold cutaneous afferents were effective at rather short latencies suggesting oligosynaptic connexions from fast ascending fibres. One example was found of EPSPs due to low threshold muscle afferents. IPSPs due to climbing fibre activation of Purkinje cells as observed in most of the neurones were evoked by cutaneous volleys above 1.5–2.0 T and muscle volleys above 5T (above 3–3.5T in case of Q). Often, IPSPs were evoked by stimulation of nerves, to the segmental level of which the vestibulospinal neurone under investigation projected. A small proportion of cells received short latency IPSPs involving direct fast mossy fibre tracts, which were evoked from low threshold cutaneous afferents. IPSPs due to polysynaptic mossy fibre activation of Purkinje cells were evoked from the FRA bilaterally and from ipsilateral cutaneous afferents at 1.5–2.0T (“prolonged inhibition”). Prolonged excitatory/inhibitory events mediated by mossy fibre pathways may be involved in quadruped locomotion or tother processes making use of a broad motor integration.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 360 (1975), S. 321-336 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Deiters' nucleus ; Flexor reflex afferents ; Purkinje cell inhibition ; Positive field potentials ; Spino-olivocerebellar paths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spatial distribution of inhibitory effects mediated by spino-olivocerebellar pathways and evoked by stimulation of the FRA was studied in Deiters' nucleus by intracellular recordings and extracellular measurements of positive field potentials. At a given recording site individual nerves greatly varied in their effectiveness: Q and Saph, Tib and FDL were usually the most effective, while GS had very little effect. When comparing several recording sites, various patterns of dominating and nondominating nerves were found, resulting in a somewhat patchy distribution of responses. The results were supported by intracellular recordings, which showed that CF-mediated IPSPs can be evoked from a limited number of nerves only. The findings show that a discriminative pattern exists in the FRA-evoked spino-olivocerebellar-mediated inhibition. In addition, Deiters neurones were found in which the inhibition was evoked from a large number of fore- and hindlimb nerves. Such a generalized inhibitory pattern may be involved in interlimb coordination during locomotion.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 337 (1972), S. 119-134 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Deiters Neurones ; Excitation ; Inhibition ; Cerebellum ; Ascending Pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out on cats anesthetized with chloralose, small doses of Thiopental being added in about half of the animals. Recordings were made from neurones located in Deiters' nucleus. Single shocks applied to the spinal cord evoked membrane potential changes consisting of different types of PSPs. Current analysis revealed: EPSPs, IPSPs, and potential changes due to disinhibition; such components differing in their latencies. Upon stimulation at C2, there were EPSPs with brief (mean 1.7 ms) and longer (mean 5.8 ms) latencies, denoted “EE” and “CE”, respectively. Also, IPSPs showed up with brief (mean 3.6 ms, “MI”) and longer (mean 7.3 ms, “CI”) latencies. Moreover, there was a prolonged inhibition usually turning into a longlasting (up to several hundred milliseconds) disinhibitory depolarization. Of Deiters neurones exhibiting PSPs upon spinal cord stimulation, 66% showed the complete synaptic pattern, 34% short latency or long latency components in isolation. The patterns obtained intracellularly corresponded well to discharge patterns recorded extracellularly. The results were essentially similar in control experiments performed on precollicularly decerebrated cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 337 (1972), S. 147-162 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Deiters Neurones ; Mossy Fibre Afferents ; Climbing Fibre Afferents ; Purkinje Cell Inhibition ; Harmaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular records from 203 neurones located in Deiter's nucleus were evaluated in respect to IPSPs evoked by stimulation of the spinal cord. In 85% of the cells, short latency IPSPs were observed (less than 4.5 ms from C2-level), attributable to fast conducting pathways. The majority of them (3–4.5 ms) includes activity transmitted via the cerebellar cortex, while latencies between 1.0 and 2.9 ms as observed for roughly 10% of the early IPSPs, are too short to include cerebellum. IPSPs with longer latencies (mean 7.3 ms from C2-level) were found in 75% of the cells. Low conduction velocity of their spinal pathways and other criteria suggest that spino-olivo-climbing fibre systems including the cerebellar cortex are involved. The latter type of IPSP often shows a complex configuration, expainable by reflex discharges of olivary neurones and disinhibitory phenomena coupled to climbing fibre activation. Clean, rhythmic IPSPs were seen after injection of harmaline.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 942-943 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Peptic ulcer ; Immunostimulation ; Ulcer protection ; Peptisches Ulcus ; Immunstimulation ; Ulcoprotektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine antigenspezifische Stimulation von Magenfunktionen ist in vivo und in vitro nachgewiesen. Die Bedeutung immunologischer Mechanismen für die Ulcogenese - Förderung oder Protektion - wurde im Modell alkoholinduzierter Schleimhautläsionen an Wistar-Ratten untersucht. Gegen NIP (Nitrophenylessigsäurederivat) immunisierten Tieren wurde das Antigen intragastral verabreicht, 15 min später 1 ml absoluter Alkohol. Die nach 1 h entstandenen Schleimhautläsionen wurden durch Summierung der Durchmesser der Einzelläsionen (Ulcusindex) bzw. pauschal (Ulcusscore) durch unabhängige Untersucher beurteilt. Gegenüber entsprechenden Kontrolltieren zeigten die antigenspezifisch stimulierten Tiere der Testgruppe signifikant (P〈0,02) weniger Läsionen. Damit konnte erstmals eine immunologisch vermittelte Ulcoprotektion gezeigt werden, die neue Ansätze in Pathophysiologie und Therapie der Ulcuserkrankung eröffnet.
    Notes: Summary Antigen-specific stimulation of gastric functions was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The role of this immunological mechanism in the development of peptic ulcers - enhancement or protection — was investigated using the model of alcohol-induced mucosal lesions. In immunized Wistar rats the antigen NIP (nitrophenylacetic acid) was injected into the stomach; 15 min later 1 ml pure alcohol was added. Mucosal lesions were assessed after 1 h, calculating the ulcer index or score. Immunized animals stimulated with the antigen showed significantly fewer (P〈0.02) lesions. Thus, for the first time protection from peptic ulcers was demonstrated by an immunological mechanism, pointing out a new aspect of pathophysiology or therapy in peptic ulcer disease.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Proximal gastric vagotomy ; Gastroduodenal ulcer ; Ten-year results ; Proximal selektive Vagotomie ; Gastroduodenales Ulcus ; 10-Jahres-Ergebnisse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über die 10-Jahres-Ergebnisse einer prospektiven multizentrischen Studie an 8 europäischen Kliniken (Basel, Bern, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Krefeld, München Klinikum Grosshadern, Strassburg) zur Bewertung der proximal selektiven Vagotomie beim gastroduodenalen Ulcus. Die Nachuntersuchungsrate war 81%. Ergebnis:n symptomatisch total Visick Ulcustyp % Rezidivrate % 1 + II Ulcus duodeni524 13,6 20,4 88% Ulcus ventriculi 71 13,5 19,8 73% Ulcus pyloricum/praepyloricum 94 18,7 31,684% Kombinierte Ulcera 28 27,9 31,7 82%
    Notes: Summary We report the 10-year results of a prospective multicenter trial in eight European centers (Basel, Bern, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Krefeld, München Klinikum Grosshadern, Strassburg) evaluating proximal gastric vagotomy for gastroduodenal ulcers. The follow-up rate was 81%. Results:n Symptomatic Total Visick Ulcer type recurrencerecurrence I + II (%) (%) Duodenal ulcer 524 13.6 20.488% Gastric ulcer 71 13.5 19.8 73% Pyloric/prepyloric ulcer 94 18.7 31.6 84% Combined ulcer 28 27.9 31.782%
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