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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The neural underpinnings of sleep involve interactions between sleep-promoting areas such as the anterior hypothalamus, and arousal systems located in the posterior hypothalamus, the basal forebrain and the brainstem. Hypocretin (Hcrt, also known as orexin)-producing neurons in the lateral ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06310
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 302-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The spread of culture and language in human populations is explained by two alternative models: the demic diffusion model, which involves mass movement of people; and the cultural diffusion model, which refers to cultural impact between populations and involves limited genetic exchange between ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02878
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the effect of ion beam bombardment during deposition on preferred orientation in rutile-type titanium dioxide films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 4101-4105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rutile-type titanium dioxide films, which exhibits tetragonal structure, were synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition with ion beam incidence inclined 45° to the substrate. The influence of ion bombardment during deposition on the texture of films was studied. A change of preferred orientation from (110) to (200) with increase of ion to deposited atom arrival ratio was observed in case Ne+ and Xe+ ion bombardment were used during film growth, respectively. It is found that in rutile type TiO2 films (110) plane exhibits the lowest surface free energy and crystallites with (100) orientation have the widest channel to ions when ion beam injects with direction 45° to the film. The preferred orientation of titanium oxide films from (110) to (200) is accounted for in terms of channeling of ions and surface free energy. When arrival ratio of ion to atom is low, crystallites with (110) orientation which has lowest surface free energy grow preferentially. As the increase of arrival ratio, the damage induced by ion bombardment compresses the growth of crystallites with shallow ion channeling. Then (200) preferred orientation is observed because of its deep ion channeling. Compared to the cases Ne+ is used, lower arrival ratio is required to change the orientation from (110) to (200) for Xe+ bombardment, because heavier ion leads to stronger radiation damage. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367164
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified model in positive temperature coefficient of resistance BaTiO3 ceramics (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2487-2490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current–voltage and resistivity–voltage measurements have been made on donor-doped BaTiO3 ceramics in order to investigate the nature of the current transport processes. It is found that the characteristics of the current–voltage do not follow the Heywang model [Solid-State Electron. 3, 51 (1961)]. Hence, the classical Heywang model is modified and the thermionic emission model with smoothly changed barrier resulted from image force is suggested. The modified theory coincides better with the experimental observation. The dependence between current density and voltage is J=J0 exp[−(φ0−βV1/2)/kT]. The relationship between resistivity and voltage (voltage effect) is ρ=(2kT/dJ0β)V1/2 exp[(φ0−βV1/2)/kT . From the modified model, the maximum barrier height of BaTiO3 ceramics can be deduced experimentally as well. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361097
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and stability of NdDyFeCoTi magneto-optical amorphous films : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5994-5996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Because the light rare-earth element Nd makes a significant contribution to the Kerr effect and the heavy rare-earth element Dy can improve the coercivity and perpendicular anisotropy, NdDyFeCoTi magneto-optical material was studied. The alloy targets were prepared by a vacuumm melting method with compositions (NdxDy1−x)25(Fe0.65Co0.30Ti0.05)75 with x=0.2–0.3. Because of the addition of Ti, the mechanical strength of the target was improved. Amorphous NdDyFeCoTi films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates at zero bias, a low Ar pressure of 3–7 mTorr, and a low-input sputtering power of 100–300 W. The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of these films were studied by VSM, Kerr hysteresis tracer, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The Kerr angle θk of 0.3° and the coercive force Hc of 3–5 kOe have been found. The stability of the films was examined by exposure in air for one month and annealing at 100–250 °C. The magneto-optical properties of the films exhibit no obvious change after exposure in air, but after annealing at 200–250 °C the properties of NdDyFeCoTi with a SiO2 protective layer became poor. As a result, it is necessary to improve the stability of NdDyFeCoTi magneto-optical films by a protective layer without oxygen such as AlN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347789
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible thermal emission from sub-band-gap laser excited cerium dioxide particles (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1936-1941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cerium dioxide particles excited in air with sub-band-gap radiation emit very broad radiation in the visible spectrum above a threshold intensity that decreases with increasing ambient temperature. Concomitant with this emission is the near disappearance of the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering peaks. Both phenomena are reversible in air up to just above threshold, and are seen for nanoparticles and several-micron-diameter particles with particle diameter comparable to or smaller than the laser focus. Temperature estimates using the Stokes/anti-Stokes scattering intensity ratio suggest there is laser heating due to small intragap absorption and possible nonlinear processes, given the very slow thermal conduction. The broad emission in this loose powder may well be due to thermal emission, on the basis of spectral fitting of the high-energy part of the spectrum to a blackbody radiator at ∼1200–1400 °C, although luminescence from a new phase is a possibility. The sudden decrease in Raman scattering and increase in emission in air are consistent with a transition to a new, possibly luminescent, phase, as is the continued disappearance of the Raman peaks in forming gas when the laser power is reduced below the upstroke threshold. Oxygen point defects and their complexes may play an important role in many of these processes. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494130
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Size-selective formation and structure analysis (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanoparticles of cerium oxide with a narrow size distribution (±15%) are prepared by mixing cerium nitrate solution with an ammonium reagent. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that over 99% of the synthesized particles are single crystals. TEM and photon absorption are used to monitor particle size. The lattice parameter increases up to 0.45% as the particle size decreases to 6 nm, as observed with x-ray diffraction. Raman spectra also suggest the particle-size effect and concomitant lattice expansion. The lattice expansion can be explained by increased concentrations of point defects with decreasing particle size. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430502
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot Melt Extrusion of Acrylic Films (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 804-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: eudragit® polymer ; extruded films ; acrylic polymer ; lidocaine HC1 ; diphenydramine HC1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016076306279
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance of La〈sub〉2/3〈/sub〉(Ca〈sub〉x〈/sub〉Ba〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉)〈sub〉1/3〈/sub〉MnO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/NiO Composite Materials (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 897-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic (FM) La2/3(Ca0.6Ba0.4)1/3MnO3 and antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel method, respectively. La2/3(Ca0.6Ba0.4)1/3MnO3 (1 mol)/ x NiO (x= 0, 0.05 and 0.15mol) composites with the coated NiO were prepared. The experimental results indicate that, both phases of LCBMO and NiO coexist clearly in the composites and the sizes of the NiO nanoparticles in the intergranular region between the LCBMO particles are very small; the interface of NiO influences evidently the value of MR and it is found that the tunneling MR for x=0.05 is the largest in three samples. The magnetoresistance behavior has been explained by two-level model of tunneling magnetoresistance and percolation model well
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/09/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.897.pdf
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Properties and Magnetostriction of Zn〈sub〉x〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉1-x 〈/sub〉MnSb Alloys (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 1715-1718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have investigated the magnetic properties and magnetostriction of ZnxNi1-xMnSb compounds prepared by solid state reaction method. It is found that for x less than 0.6 the magnetization of ZnxNi1-xMnSb almost remains unchanged. However, when x is larger than 0.6 the magnetization starts to drop linearly. Experimental result indicates that at low Zn concentrations, x 〈 0.7, the Curie temperature (TC) decreases with increasing Zn concentration x. However, when x 〉 0.7, the Curie temperature increases distinctly with increasing x. The Zn concentrartion dependence of magnetostrictive ceofficient is also studied. The experimental curve shows that when x 〈 0.6 the value of magnetostriction coefficient for ZnxNi1-xMnSb decreases linearly with the increasing Znconcentration x. However, when x is above 0.6, the magnetostrictive ceofficient raises distinctly. By analyzing the XRD pattern, the structures of the materials are examined and the relationship between the properties and the structures are discussed. A structural phase transition is observed. It has been indicated that the structure plays an important role in the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the system
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/09/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.1715.pdf
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