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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Misperception of Psychopathology: Problems With the Norms of the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The norms of the Comprehensive System (CS) for the Rorschach have been praised for their scientific and clinical value. However, recent findings by Shaffer, Erdberg, and Haroian suggest that the CS norms are inaccurate. We examined 14 CS variables in 32 studies of non-patient adults. The participants in these studies exhibited statistically and clinically significant differences from CS nonpatient norms for all 14 variables. Overall, nonpatient adults tended to appear pathological when compared with the CS norms. The implications of these findings for misdiagnosis and the misperception of psychopathology are discussed. Use of the CS norms in clinical or forensic settings is inadvisable. Commonly held beliefs about the validity of CS variables are likely to be false and in need of revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.8.3.350
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Critical Examination of the Use of the Term and Concept of Comorbidity in Psychopathology Research (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 1 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The term and concept of comorbidlty has been receiving increasing currency in the psychopathology literature. Nevertheless, most uses of this term in contemporary psychopathology research do not adequately distinguish between the nature of conditions in organic medicine (which typically approximate “diseases”) and those in descriptive psychopathology (which are typically “syndromes” or, more rarely, “disorders”), and blur the distinction between latent constructs and manifest indicators. Specific problems with use of the term comorbidlty include its (a) application to childhood and personality disorders and (b) inconsistent usage. We conclude that, with the possible exception of its use to describe some organic mental disorders, application of the term comorbidlty to psychopathologlcal syndromes encourages the premature rerHcation of diagnostic entities and arguably has led to more confusion than clarification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00007.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of Taxometric Methods to Problems of Comorbidity: Perspectives and Challenges (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: We share Meehl's view that taxometric procedures hold considerable promise for elucidating questions regarding psychiatric comorbidity. Drawing on examples from the domain of childhood disruptive disorders, we discuss why the issues raised by Meehl are scientifically and pragmatically important and outline several profitable applications of taxometric methods to questions of comorbidity (e.g., estimating the statistical relations between latent taxa). We explain why taxometric methods and other sophisticated latent variable methods are needed to answer such questions and provide examples of how certain statistical methods have been used to make erroneous inferences regarding taxonicity. Several important unresolved issues bearing on the use of taxometric procedures and their application to questions of comorbidity are delineated, including (a) the distributional assumptions of taxometric methods, (b) the construct validation of provisional taxa identified by taxometric analyses, (c) the relation of taxometric methods to other latent variable techniques (e.g., latent class analysis), (d) the potential existence of spurious taxa, (e) the question of “fuzzy taxonicity,” and (f) “configural taxa.” We conclude with a discussion of analytic methods for characterizing and understanding the covariation between latent dimensions as opposed to taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.8.4.520
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems With the Norms of the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach: Methodological and Conceptual Considerations (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: In “The Misperception of Psychopathology: Problems with the Norms of the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach,” we reviewed results from 32 studies and concluded that the norms of the Comprehensive System (CS) are inaccurate and tend to make nonpatient Americans appear psychologically disordered. Hunsley and Di Giulio, Widiger, and Aronow all agree that our review uncovered serious problems with the CS norms. However, CS proponents Exner and Meyer disagree. In this reply we address criticisms and express the hope that CS proponents will eventually acknowledge the importance of the research findings and develop more accurate norms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.8.3.397
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the mixing of Cu and Y by Xe ions (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3298-3303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As part of an ongoing effort to produce high-Tc superconducting layers by ion-beam mixing, the mixing of Cu and Y was studied at both liquid nitrogen and room temperature, using 600-keV Xe ions and Y film thicknesses representative of multilayer mixing experiments. At low temperatures the mixing rate was found to agree with predictions based on thermal spike effects. At higher temperature the mixing is dominated by the rapid formation of the Cu7 Y phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and ion-induced, metastable-cubic Al3M phases in Al-Ti and Al-Hf thin films (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 4478-4483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal and ion-induced reactions in codeposited, multilayer and bilayer Al-Ti and Al-Hf structures were studied by transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering. A metastable Al3 M (M being Ti or Hf) phase was found by both ion beam mixing and thermal annealing. The metastable phases have a cubic structure with lattice parameters a=3.98±0.01 A(ring) and 4.08±0.01 A(ring) for Al-Ti and Al-Hf, respectively, at a composition of Al3M. The metastable phase transforms to the tetragonal equilibrium compound at annealing temperatures approximately 400 °C. The effectiveness of ion beam mixing is demonstrated by its lower formation temperatures and faster reaction rates. The thermally induced metastable phase formation is ascribed to a lower nucleation barrier than that of the equilibrium phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341272
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of metallic CsCl-structured alloys under ion irradiation (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 4011-4016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ion irradiation stability of the CsCl phases CoAl, IrAl, SiRu, and AuZn has been investigated. Thin-film (∼500-A(ring)-thick) transmission electron microscopy samples were irradiated with Xe to a maximum dose of 4×1015 ions/cm2 at room temperature. Irradiation-induced transformations in the compound samples were examined by transmission electron diffraction. The alloys CoAl, IrAl, and AuZn remained crystalline while SiRu became amorphous. Analysis of our findings and other previously reported experimental results indicate that CsCl compound stability under ion irradiation is strongly correlated with atomic mobilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336706
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of low-temperature ion mixing of Y/Si bilayers on nuclear energy deposition (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7528-7532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bilayers of yttrium and amorphous silicon were irradiated with 600-keV Ar++, Kr++, and Xe++ ions at temperatures between 80 and 372 K. The mixing rates were considerably larger than rates predicted by a model based on overlapping thermal spikes, as well as predictions generated by an extension of the model to the case of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. However, the experimental mixing rates did exhibit a linear dependence on the nuclear energy deposited at the interface. This agrees qualitatively with the premise of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. We compare our results with other ion-mixed medium-Z, metal/metal systems which also show this tendency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348929
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the validity of a thermal spike mixing model for low-Z metals (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1364-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low temperature ion beam mixing rates for Cu-Ti, Ni-Ti, and Fe-Ti layers have been found to be significantly lower than predicted by a popular semi-empirical thermal spike model. It has been proposed that the unavoidable hydrogen contamination of the as-deposited Ti films may have reduced the mixing rates, but the measurement of even lower mixing rates for Fe-V and Fe-Co bilayers shows the discrepancy to be more fundamental. Still, a systematic dependence on heat of mixing suggests that some sort of diffusional (thermal spike?) mechanism is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346685
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Addition of α-Naphthylmethylmagnesium and α-Naphthylmethylcadmium Chlorides to Alkylidenemalonic Esters (1946)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 68 (1946), S. 984-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01210a023
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