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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and detail analysis of gain on balmer-alpha line of hydrogen-like carbon in wall-confined CO2 laser-produced plasmas (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4189-4195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A 1-cm-long hollow parylene (C8H8) cylinder-type target was irradiated with a long pulse CO2 laser (400 J/50 ns) to produce a confined soft x-ray laser source. The amplification of the Balmer-alpha line (182.2 A(ring)) of the H-like carbon was observed using two different gain determination methods. The time- and space-integrated gain coefficient up to 2.2(+0.6/−1.1)cm−1 was obtained from the ratio of the axial to transverse line intensity. By using the C8H7Cl target, the gain coefficient increased up to 2.8(+0.6/−1.1)cm−1, inferring the radiative cooling effect. The experimental results agreed with the simulation results within a factor of 5. By reducing the cylinder mass by a factor of 20, the simulation result gave the long gain duration up to 20 ns in FWHM and large gain region up to 1.3 mm in radius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348387
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast ignitor research at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2268-2274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physics element relevant to the fast ignitor in inertial confinement fusion has been extensively studied. Laser-hole boring with enormous photon pressures into overcritical densities was experimentally proved by density measurements with XUV laser probing. Ultra-intense laser interactions at a relativistic parameter regime were studied with a 50-TW glass laser system and a 100-TW glass laser system synchronized with a long pulse laser system. In the study of relativistic laser beam propagation in a 100-μm scale-length plasma, a special propagation mode (super-penetration mode) was observed, where the beam propagated into overdense regions close to the solid target surface. At the super-penetration mode, 20% of the laser energy converted to energetic electrons toward the target inside, while the coupling efficiency was 40% without the long scale-length plasmas. The high-density energetic electron transport and heating of solid material was also studied, indicating beamlike propagation of the energetic electrons in the solid target and effective heating of solid density ions with the electrons. Based on these basic experimental results, the heating of imploded plasma by short-pulse-laser light with three different ways of injecting the heating pulse has been studied. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352598
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress of fast ignitor studies and Petawatt laser construction at Osaka University : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2202-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 100 TW light from the Petawatt Module (PWM) laser illuminated a preimploded spherical deuterated polystyrene(CD) shell target. The DD neutron yield increased from 2.5×105–106. Analysis indicates that hundreds of keV deuterons, generated around the critical density, collide with cold fuel deuterons and play the leading role in the enhancement of the neutron yield. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell (2D PIC) simulation predicted well the deuteron spectrum. A 60 TW laser was used for MeV proton emissions and megagauss magnetic fields generation on the rear surface of a Poly p-xylene(C8H8) plane target. The 2D PIC simulation explained well the results. The PWM laser was upgraded to one PW, making it the world biggest Petawatt laser (PW laser). An optically parametric chirped amplification was introduced in the front end. The pulse was synchronized to the GEKKO XII imploding beams to within 10 ps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458588
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of ultra-intense laser plasma interactions for fast ignition : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2014-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser plasma interactions in a relativistic parameter regime have been intensively investigated for studying the possibility of fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using ultra-intense laser systems and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes, relativistic laser light self-focusing, super hot electrons, ions, and neutron production, are studied. The experiments are performed with ultra-intense laser with 50 J energy, 0.5–1 ps pulse at 1053 nm laser wavelength at a laser intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Most of the laser shots are studied under preformed plasma conditions with a 100 μm plasma scale length condition. In the study of laser pulse behavior in the preformed plasmas, a special mode has been observed which penetrated the preformed plasma all the way very close to the original planar target surface. On these shots, super hot electrons have been observed with its energy peak exceeding 1 MeV. The energy transport of the hot electrons has been studied with making use of Kα emissions from a seeded metal layer in planar targets. The details of ion acceleration followed by beam fusion reaction have been studied with neutron spectrometers. Laser ponderomotive force self-focusing and hot electron generation have been applied to a compressed core to see the effect of heating by injecting 12 beams of 100 ps, 1 TW pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874023
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gain measurements of the C VI 3d–2p transition (18.2 nm) from the wall-confined carbon plasmas produced by a CO2 laser (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a 1-cm-long cylinder-type target as the gain medium of a recombination-pumped extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser. The gain medium plasma was pumped by a long-pulse CO2 laser (400 J energy in 50 ns pulse duration). At the C VI 3d–2p transition (18.2 nm) we obtained the gain-length product up to 2.4, which was estimated from the line intensity ratio of the axial to transverse directions. The electron temperature of 54 eV and density of 1.2×1019 cm−3 near the cylinder wall measured using soft-x-ray spectroscopy satisfied the condition for the generation of the population inversion between n=3 and 2 levels of the C VI ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101914
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of a lily PIP1 gene in tobacco increased the osmotic water permeability of leaf cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIP) facilitate the osmotic water transport across biomembranes and are involved in the transcellular and intracellular water flow in plants. An aquaporin-like gene, AqpL1, was isolated from lily flower using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AqpL1 was a member of PIP1 subfamily. The results of northern hybridization indicated AqpL1 expressed in the whole plant but most strongly in young petal. Its expression decreased remarkably with flower age. AqpL1 gene could be properly expressed by in vitro translation and showed a 26 kDa monomer band revealed by autoradiography. Injection of AqpL1 cRNA into Xenopus oocytes resulted in an increase of the osmotic water permeability (Pf = 0.72 × 10−2 ± 0.05 cm s−1) for about 2–3 times compared to that (Pf = 0.24 × 10−2 ± 0.07 cm s−1) of the cells injected with water. Overexpression of AqpL1 in tobacco could greatly increase osmotic water permeability of leaf protoplasts (Pos-WT : Pos-L1 = 0.7 × 10−1 cm s−1 : 4.3 × 10−1 cm s−1) and water conductivity of leaf cells (RWL-WT : RWL-L1 = 3.3% : 13.2%). It is concluded that AqpL1 is a water channel gene. However, it demonstrated much higher osmotic water permeability in tobacco cells than in oocytes. These results are consistent with the notion that AqpL1 is involved in regulating water and/or other solutes transport across the plant cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2003.01130.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo study of developmental changes in carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in rat liver. Repression of the enzyme synthesis immediately after birth
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 739 (1983), S. 66-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: (Rat liver) ; Carbarmoyl-phosphate synthetase I ; Development ; Enzyme synthesis ; Post-transcriptional regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4781(83)90045-3
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry in jaw-jerk reflex latency in craniomandibular dysfunction patients with unilateral masseter pain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of unilateral masseter muscle pain on the jaw-jerk reflex. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of bilateral electromyographic activity recorded at the masseter muscles during the jaw-jerk reflex were measured in 18 patients with craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) with strictly unilateral masseter pain or tenderness and 10 control subjects using a computerized recording and analysis system. The reflex was elicited, at the mandibular rest position, by tapping the centre of the chin downwards with a reflex hammer incorporating a microswitch that triggered the sweep of the recording apparatus upon contact with the chin. In the CMD group, the jaw-jerk latency on the affected side (6·89±0·98 ms) was significantly shorter (P〈0·01) than that on the unaffected side (7·59±0·92 ms). In the control group, there was no difference between the jaw-jerk latencies on the right (7·06±0·64 ms) and the left (7·08±0·65 ms) sides. The range of side asymmetry for jaw-jerk latencies in the CMD group was greater than that in the control group. In six patients, the latency difference exceeded 1 ms. The asymmetry of latency of the jaw-jerk reflex was thought to be due to facilitation on the side with masseter pain or tenderness. This facilitation on the ipsilateral side might be produced by enhanced gamma drive induced by sustained nociceptive stimulation. Such effects may be related with clinically derived concepts regarding such muscle dysfunction as myospastic activity or trigger points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00595.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 in hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissues (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunohistochemical localization of CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 in hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissues Aims: We investigated expression of CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, measuring their serum value to clarify their clinical significance, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was assessed in serial sections to determine whether expression of these molecules in chronic liver disease was related to regeneration of biliary ducts. Methods and results: Liver tissues were biopsied under peritoneoscopy or echo-guidance and resected surgically among 63 patients with anti-hepatitis C virus-positive sera. There were 26 cases of chronic hepatitis, 21 cases of liver cirrhosis and 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (four cases of mixed type). They were simultaneously used for immunocytochemistry for CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2, and PCNA was demonstrated in serial liver tissues by immunohistochemistry. Serum CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 were measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay. In chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis CEA immunoreactivity was seen on membranes facing bile canaliculi and in bile ductules. Both CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 immunoreactivity were observed in bile ductules in chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and non-neoplastic areas surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma, and CA19-9 was also present in interlobular bile ducts. PCNA immunoreactivity was not detected in marker-positive bile ductules or interlobular bile ducts. In hepatocellular carcinoma CEA immunoreactivity was seen on membrane facing dilated bile canaliculi in glandular structures, and CEA, CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 immunoreactivity was observed in cholangiolar areas in mixed type of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: CEA in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is expressed not only in bile ductules but also on membrane facing bile canaliculi, and both CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 were seen in different levels of biliary ducts. These molecules were expressed in bile ductules in surrounding non-neoplastic areas of hepatocellular carcinoma, and their expression was not associated with regeneration of biliary ducts. CEA expression was present in the trabecular type of hepatocellular carcinoma, and CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2 were observed in cholangiolar areas in mixed type of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01374.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) in dialysate from patients with uremia
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 138 (1986), S. 1084-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] HPLC; high-performance liquid chromatography ; [abr] MeIQx; 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline ; [abr] TLC; thin-layer chromatography
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80393-X
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