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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Livedo reticularis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and anticardiolipin antibodies (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 18 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes a case of livedo reticularis associated with increased titres of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. A 38-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise, arthritis and livedo reticularis in a severe form. Antibodies to native DNA and an increased level of aCL were found. A significant positive correlation exists between livedo reticularis and elevated serum antiphospholipid activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. aCL are shown to play a possible pathogenetic role in thrombotic events. This suggests that thrombosis is the underlying cause of livedo in these patients. A biopsy performed in a patient at the site where livedo was most marked showed no evidence of thrombi. It is postulated that the mechanism of livedo in lupus patients with aCL consists of both thrombosis and dysfunction in the regulation of the tone of the peripheral vascular bed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb01002.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro effects of ultraviolet A on histamine release from human basophils (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  As long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetrates the dermis, connective tissue cellular components and circulating blood cells can be possible targets for solar UVA. Basophils, involved in the effector phase of the inflammatory response, play a part in skin diseases such as chronic urticaria, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, fixed drug eruption, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria pigmentosa, systemic sclerosis and bullous pemphigoid.Objective  The evaluation of the in vitro effect of UVA on histamine release from human basophils.Methods  Basophils from healthy human volunteers were irradiated, respectively, with UVA at doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20 and 50 J/cm2 and then incubated with an anti-IgE serum. A fluorimetric technique was employed to determine histamine release from samples: (i) incubated with 2% HClO4 (complete lysis of basophils); (ii) irradiated with increasing doses of UVA; and (iii) unirradiated (controls).Results  Histamine release was: 100% for HClO4 incubated basophils, 30% for unirradiated and anti-IgE incubated cells (controls) and 27%, 24%, 34%, 41%, 60% and 70% for basophils irradiated with UVA doses, respectively, of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20 and 50 J/cm2 and incubated with anti-IgE. Histamine releasability from irradiated samples was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05), in comparison with controls, at UVA doses equal to 5, 10, 20 and 50 J/cm2.Conclusions  UVA exerts, at least in vitro, a biphasic dose-dependent action on histamine release from human basophils incubated with an anti-IgE serum: at the lowest irradiation doses (〈 5 J/cm2) it exerts an inhibitory effect and at the highest doses ( 10 J/cm2) histamine release increases significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00679.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac ion channels and antihistamines: possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite the enormous success of second generation antihistamines, in the mid-1980s, about 10 years after their introduction in the market, several reports appeared in the literature indicating the rare occurrence of a form of polymorphic ventricular dysrhythmia, the ‘torsade de pointes’, after the administration of astemizole or terfenadine. This cardiac side-effect has been interpreted as a consequence of the interference of these drugs with cardiac K+ channels involved in action potential repolarization, and in particular with the IKr component of the cardiac repolarizing current. As the K+ channels encoded by the human ether-a-gogo-related gene (HERG) seem to represent the molecular basis of IKr, this cardiac K+ channel was soon recognized as a primary target for second generation antihistamine-induced proarrhythmic effects. In fact, both terfenadine and astemizole have been shown to block HERG K+ channels in a concentration range similar to that found in the plasma of subjects with cardiotoxic manifestations. However, no correlation can be found between the ability to prolong the cardiac action potential duration and the H1-antagonistic activity by several antihistamines, suggesting that HERG blockade and cardiotoxic potential are not class properties of second generation antihistamines. In fact, other molecules such as cetirizine, loratadine, acrivastine, and fexofenadine seem to lack both cardiotoxic potential and HERG-blocking ability at therapeutically relevant concentrations. The marked heterogeneity displayed by second generation antihistamines in their ability to prolong the cardiac action potential duration and to block HERG K+ channels might be of considerable therapeutical significance for those patients at risk of developing cardiac dysrhythmias and in need of therapy with H1-receptor blockers; it also emphasizes the importance of an evaluation of the possible blockade of HERG K+ channels during the early developmental phases of novel compounds belonging to this therapeutical class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.0290s3182.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential modulation of mediator release from human basophils and mast cells by mizolastine (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Basophils and mast cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders by releasing several proinflammatory mediators. Some histamine H1 receptor antagonists exert anti-inflammatory activities by modulating mediator release from basophils and mast cells.Objective To study the in vitro effects of mizolastine, an H1 receptor antagonist, on the release of eicosanoids, histamine and IL-4 from human basophils and lung mast cells.Methods and results Mizolastine (10−7–10−5 m) concentration-dependently inhibited the release of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 from anti-IgE-stimulated basophils (IC50: 3.85±0.28 μm) and mast cells (IC50: 3.92±0.41 μm). The same concentrations of mizolastine did not affect anti-IgE-induced prostaglandin D2 release from lung mast cells. In contrast, mizolastine enhanced up to 80% IgE-mediated histamine release (EC50: 4.63±0.14 μm) from basophils, but not from mast cells and it significantly potentiated IL-4 release from basophils induced by anti-IgE. Mizolastine did not affect histamine release from basophils induced by formyl peptide, whereas it inhibited cysteinyl leukotriene C4 release (IC50: 1.86±0.24 μm). Blockade of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid mobilization by pyrrolidine-1 did not alter the effect of mizolastine on histamine release from basophils, thereby excluding accumulation of arachidonic acid metabolic intermediates as the cause of this effect. Mizolastine did not influence anti-IgE-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK-1 and -2) in human basophils.Conclusions Mizolastine efficiently inhibits LTC4 synthesis in human basophils and mast cells presumably by interfering with 5-lipoxygenase. In contrast, it enhances histamine and IL-4 release only from anti-IgE-stimulated basophils. Therefore, mizolastine differentially regulates the production of mediators from basophils and mast cells in a cell- and stimulus-specific fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01851.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological modulation of human mast cells and basophils (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01535.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loratadine and desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine inhibit the immunological release of mediators from human FcɛRI+cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Loratadine, a novel histamine H1-receptor antagonist, is effective in the treatment of patients with seasonal and perennial rhinitis and some allergic skin disorders. Histamine and other chemical mediators are synthesized and immunologically released by human peripheral blood basophils and tissue mast cells (FcɛRI+ cells).Objective To evaluate the effects of loratadine and its main metabolite, desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine (des-loratadine), on the immunological release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized mediators (leukotriene C4: LTC4 and prostaglandin D2: PGD2) from human FcɛRI+ cells.Methods Human FcɛRI+ cells purified from peripheral blood and from skin (HSMC) and lung tissue (HLMC) were preincubated with loratadine and des-loratadine before immunological challenge with Der p 1 antigen or anti-FcɛRI. The release of preformed mediators (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized eicosanoids was evaluated in the supernatants of human FcRI+ cells.Results Preincubation (15m in, 37°C) of purified (36–74%) basophils with loratadine (3 × 10–6–10–4M) and des-loratadine before Der p 1 antigen or anti-FcɛRI challenge concentration-dependency (5–40%) inhibited the release of histamine and LTC4. Loratadine (3 × 10–6–l0–4M) and des-loratadine also inhibited (10–40%) histamine, LTC4, and PGD2 release from purified HLMC (16–68%) activated by anti-FcɛRI. Loratadine (3 × 10–6–10–4M) and des-loratadine caused concentration-dependent inhibition (10–40%) of histamine, tryptase. LTC4, and PGD2 release from purified HSMC (24– 72%) immunologically challenged with anti-FcɛRI.Conclusion These results indicate that loratadine and its main metabolite have anti- inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of preformed and de novo synthesized mediators from human FcɛRI+ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00745.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of chemical mediators from rabbit hearts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 19 (1987), S. S2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2828(87)80013-5
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arachidonic acid metabolism in inflammatory cells of patients with bronchial asthma (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Over the last few years, the demonstration of beneficial effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists in various forms of asthma has renewed clinical and pharmacologic interest in this class of lipid mediators. Several studies demonstrated an increased biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) in asthmatic patients. However, the reasons for the dysregulated production of CysLTs in asthmatic patients are not completely defined. An improved method of lipid mediator detection and the availability of cells isolated from human airways (by bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and bronchial biopsies) have allowed initial studies to address this issue. Eosinophils retrieved from inflamed airways of asthmatics have a larger arachidonic acid (AA) content than their blood counterpart. The high level of AA in these cells is primarily due to a remodeling of endogenous arachidonate pools with the accumulation of this fatty acid in a triglyceride-associated pool. In addition, elevated levels of a secretory form of phospholipase A2, the key enzyme initiating the cascade of CysLTs, are found in the BAL of asthmatics. Finally, eosinophils isolated from the BAL of asthmatics have an increased expression of LTC4 synthase. The level of expression of this enzyme correlates with the increased amount of CysLTs produced in the airways of these patients. Taken together, these data identify at least two possible mechanisms to explain the excessive CysLT production in asthmatics:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉an increased content of AA in the glycerolipid pools of inflammatory cellsan enhanced activity of key biosynthetic enzymes involved in CysLT synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00504.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Erythrogenin from Liver and Spleen in Erythropoietin Production in the Anephric Rat (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 243 (1973), S. 539-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Extrarenal mechanisms of Ep production, however, seem to function in both humans4 and rodents5. Recent experiments indicate that, although the capacity of anephric rodents to produce Ep in response to mild hypoxia (0.45 atm air) is gradually abolished within 12?24 h after nephrectomy6,7, a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/243539b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological concentrations of zinc inhibit the release of histamine from human basophils and lung mast cells (1986)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 18 (1986), S. 607-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964973
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