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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Community-Based Strategy to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease: Conclusions from the Ten Years of the North Karelia Project (1985)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 6 (1985), S. 147-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.06.050185.001051
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in disease patterns and related social trends
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 35 (1992), S. 389-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Schlagwort(e): diseases ; global change ; social environment
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0277-9536(92)90331-J
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The changing role and legitimate boundaries of epidemiology: community-based prevention programmes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 25 (1987), S. 589-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0277-9536(87)90083-9
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-term effects of cessation of smoking on body weight, blood pressure and serum cholesterol in the middle-aged population with high blood pressure
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Addictive Behaviors 11 (1986), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4603
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4603(86)90002-X
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HLA haplotypes in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: molecular analysis of the HLA-DQ locus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 254-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA haplotypes ; HLA-DQ ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; genetics ; disease susceptibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In Caucasians the predisposition to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has been shown to associate with HLA-DR3,DQw2 and DR4,DQw8 and with the presence of amino acids other than aspartic acid at position 57 on the HLA-DQβ chain. In Finland the haplotype-specific absolute risk for developing Type 1 diabetes differs between various DR3 and DR4 positive haplotypes. The aim of our present analysis was to find out whether this variation is attributable to polymorphism at the DQ locus. As part of a nationwide prospective study including 757 serologically HLA genotyped families, we determined HLA-DQα and DQβ restriction fragment polymorphisms in 17 selected families with important susceptibility haplotypes. Additionally, the DQA1 alleles were determined from 19 haplotypes using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, and the DQB1 second exon was sequenced from nine haplotypes. The DR3 as well as DR4 positive haplotypes frequently found in Type 1 diabetic patients showed no variation at the HLA-DQ locus, and they were DQw2 and DQw8, respectively. The absolute risk for Type 1 diabetes for DR4,DQw8 positive haplotypes A2,Cw4,Bw35,DR4 A3,Cw3,Bw62,DR4, A24,Cw7,Bw39,DR4, A2,Cw3,Bw62, DR4, and A2,Cw1,Bw56,DR4 was 35/100,000, 130/100,000, 166/100,000, 196/100,000, and 218/100,000, respectively. The absolute risks for DR3,DQw2 positive haplotypes A1, Cw7,B8,DR3 and A2,Cw7,B8,DR3 were 68/100,000 and 103/100,000, respectively. These results provide further evidence that not only the polymorphism at the DQ locus but also other genes of the haplotypes contribute to susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400926
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diet, cow's milk protein antibodies and the risk of IDDM in Finnish children (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Infant feeding ; dairy products ; cow's milk protein antibodies ; IDDM ; childhood ; islet cell antibodies ; insulin autoantibodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Associations of infant feeding patterns and milk consumption with cow's milk protein antibody titres were studied in 697 newly-diagnosed diabetic children, 415 sibling-control children and 86 birth-date-and sex-matched population-based control children in the nationwide “Childhood Diabetes in Finland” study. IgA and IgG antibody titres to the proteins of cow's milk formula, BLG and BSA, and IgM antibody titres to cow's milk formula proteins were measured by ELISA. Several inverse correlations were observed between the duration of breast-feeding or age at introduction of dairy products and antibody titres, and positive correlations were observed between milk consumption and antibody titres in all three populations studied. Multivariate analyses which included the infant feeding variables, milk consumption and current age simultaneously showed that the earlier the introduction of dairy products and the greater the consumption of milk was, the higher several antibody titres were. High IgA antibody titres to cow's milk formula were associated with a greater risk of IDDM both among diabeticpopulation-control and diabetic-sibling-control pairs when adjusted for other cow's milk antibody titres, dietary variables and in diabetic-sibling-control pairs also for ICA. The results suggest that young age at introduction of dairy products and high milk consumption during childhood increase the levels of cow's milk antibodies and that high IgA antibodies to cow's milk formula are independently associated with increased risk of IDDM.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408475
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Natural history of preclinical IDDM in high risk siblings (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 388-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Preclinical IDDM ; islet cell antibodies ; early insulin response ; glucose elimination rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To learn more about the preclinical phase of IDDM we observed for a median period of 46.5 months (range 0.5–69 months) a group of 57 siblings positive for ICA and/or IAA when first screened within 6 months of the diagnosis of the proband. Sequential blood samples and IVGTTs were obtained at intervals of 6–12 months. Seventeen siblings (29.8%) presented with IDDM during the observation period. The duration of the known preclinical period ranged from 0.5 to 51 months (median 29 months). The converters were younger than the other siblings (P〈0.05) and had higher initial ICA levels (P〈0.01). In addition they had a lower FPIR in the first IVGTT (P〈0.001). On all subsequent tests the converters had higher ICA levels and a lower FPIR (P〈0.05 or less), a lower glucose elimination rate from the third test onwards (P〈0.01 or less) and higher IAA levels at 3 years (P〈0.05). Some variation could be observed in the FPIR in the converters with an initial increase and subsequent decrease (P〈0.05 for both). Their levels of complement-fixing ICA increased up to 18 months (P〈0.05) and IAA levels up to 3 years (P〈0.01). Those high risk siblings who progress to clinical IDDM are characterized by young age, strong and increasing signs of islet-cell specific autoimmunity, reduced insulin secreting capacity and emerging glucose intolerance. The present observations seem to be incompatible with the hypothesis of beta-cell destruction occurring at a constant, predictable rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408476
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In Finland insulin gene region encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts maximum effect when there is low HLA-DR associated risk (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1223-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Insulin gene ; HLA ; haplotype ; genetic susceptibility ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and polymorphisms of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (INS) is a consistent finding in Europid populations. While one study suggested that the INS association is restricted to HLA-DR4-positive individuals, studies in other Europid populations have shown the disease-associated INS genotype to confer susceptibility independently of HLA-DR. We have investigated the role of INS in susceptibility to IDDM in Finland, which has the highest incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world, at two polymorphic restriction sites, 5′ and 3′ to the insulin gene. From the DiMe (Childhood Diabetes in Finland) Study we studied 154 diabetic children without regard to HLA-DR type; 108 DR4 positive/non-DR3 diabetic children; 39 DR3 positive/non-DR4 diabetic children; 30 DR4/DR3 positive diabetic children; 31 non-DR4/non-DR3 diabetic children; 96 matched DiMe control subjects and 86 other healthy, non-diabetic Finnish control subjects. We found an overall association between IDDM and INS in the high-risk Finnish population only with the 5′ polymorphism and identified an INS haplotype negatively associated with IDDM in Finland. However, among diabetic subjects with a reduced HLA-associated susceptibility (non-DR4/non-DR3) both 3′ and 5′ INS loci showed an association with IDDM (p values 0.02 and 0.0002, respectively). Thus, in the Finnish population insulin gene-encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts a maximum effect in those with reduced HLA-associated risk. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1223–1229]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422373
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene mutations in NIDDM; implications for the study of polygenic disease (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin receptor substrate-1 ; gene mutations ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Variations in the coding regions of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene have recently been suggested to contribute to the susceptibility of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the IRS-1 missense mutations at codons 972 (glycine to arginine) and 513 (alanine to proline) in two diverse populations from South India and Finland at high risk for NIDDM. DNA was amplified and digested with restriction enzymes BstN1 to detect the codon 972 mutation and Dra III to detect the codon 513 mutation. The codon 513 mutation was not found in the study subjects. The codon 972 mutation was present in 10.3% of 126 middle-aged NIDDM subjects and 5.3% of 95 matched control subjects in the South Indians (p=0.17). In elderly Finnish subjects the frequency of the mutation was 7.5% in 40 NIDDM subjects and 7% in 42 matched control subjects. The frequency of codon 972 mutation in the South Indian NIDDM subjects was very similar to the two previously published studies in Danish and French subjects although each study individually fails to reach conventional levels of significance. The data from all four ethnic groups were analysed together after ascertaining that significant heterogeneity did not exist between the studies. Overall, the frequency of the codon 972 mutation is found in 10.7% NIDDM subjects and 5.8% control subjects (p = 0.02). These studies suggest that the codon 972 mutation of the IRS-1 gene might act as a susceptibility gene predisposing to NIDDM in certain ethnic groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410287
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene mutations in NIDDM; implications for the study of polygenic disease (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Insulin receptor substrate-1 ; gene mutations ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Variations in the coding regions of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene have recently been suggested to contribute to the susceptibility of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the IRS-1 missense mutations at codons 972 (glycine to arginine) and 513 (alanine to proline) in two diverse populations from South India and Finland at high risk for NIDDM. DNA was amplified and digested with restriction enzymes BstN1 to detect the codon 972 mutation and Dra III to detect the codon 513 mutation. The codon 513 mutation was not found in the study subjects. The codon 972 mutation was present in 10.3 % of 126 middle-aged NIDDM subjects and 5.3 % of 95 matched control subjects in the South Indians (p = 0.17). In elderly Finnish subjects the frequency of the mutation was 7.5 % in 40 NIDDM subjects and 7 % in 42 matched control subjects. The frequency of codon 972 mutation in the South Indian NIDDM subjects was very similar to the two previously published studies in Danish and French subjects although each study individually fails to reach conventional levels of significance. The data from all four ethnic groups were analysed together after ascertaining that significant heterogeneity did not exist between the studies. Overall, the frequency of the codon 972 mutation is found in 10.7 % NIDDM subjects and 5.8 % control subjects (p = 0.02). These studies suggest that the codon 972 mutation of the IRS-1 gene might act as a susceptibility gene predisposing to NIDDM in certain ethnic groups. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 481–486]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410287
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