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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol on colonic transit are poorly established.Aim: To assess the effects of these laxatives on colonic transit in normal subjects.Methods : Colonic transit (mean residence time, cumulative counts in stool, counts remaining in the proximal or distal colon) was measured scintigraphically in normal subjects on the second and third day of a 3-day ingestion of 67–134 g/day lactulose, or 59 g/day polyethylene glycol.Results : At similar stool weight (lactulose: 653 ± 120 g/day; polyethylene glycol: 522 ± 66 g/day), transit was significantly slower during 99 g/day lactulose when compared with 59 g/day polyethylene glycol; this was most pronounced in the distal colon (mean residence time: lactulose – 403 ± 55 min; polyethylene glycol – 160 ± 41.9 min). Short chain fatty acid concentration in 24-h stool correlated significantly with counts remaining in the distal colon at 12 h(r = 0.79, P = 0.001). Increasing lactulose doses were significantly associated with increasing stool weight (r = 0.79) and shorter mean residence time in the total (r = −0.56) and distal colon (r = −0.64). The sum of faecal carbohydrates plus short chain fatty acids was associated with stool weight (r = 0.95, P 〈 0.001).Conclusion : Lactulose accelerates colonic transit. However, compared with polyethylene glycol, transit during lactulose is prolonged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29 (1994), S. 695-700 
    ISSN: 0223-5234
    Keywords: N^α-acylated histamine ; N^α-alkylated histamine ; N^α-histamine-γ-cyclohexylbutyramide ; histamine ; histamine H"3-receptor antagonist
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 30 (1990), S. 137-139 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of the histamine H3-receptor on basophils, different specific H3-antagonists were investigated. Incubation of washed leukocytes with Nα-acylated histamine-derivatives (Nα-ahd) induced elevated histamine levels. This process turned out to be dependent on dose, time and temperature, but independent of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. IgE-mediated histamine release was not modulated. [3H]-l-histidine was not decarboxylated into [3H]-histamine in spite of the observed histamine increase. Highly purified basophils did not show any histamine elevation but purified neutrophils and eosinophils were found to have increased histamine levels even after disintegration and subsequent incubation with Nα-ahd. It seems that the increased histamine levels result from the cleavage of the applied histamine amides. Other potent H3-antagonists (e.g. thioperamide) neither produced increased histamine levels nor influenced IgE-mediated release from basophil leukocytes. The existence of H3-receptors on human basophils therefore seems unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 14 (1967), S. 238-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 14 (1966), S. 106-122 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 15 (1967), S. 169-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 185-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Glycated hemoglobin ; HbA1c ; Hemoglobinopathy ; β-chain mutation ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Hb Graz ; Hb Sherwood Forest ; Hb Okayama
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used for routine management of diabetic patients. Glucose linkage to HbA1c reflects mean blood glucose levels during the last 3 months before examination. Various methods for HbA1c determination show abnormal values with hemoglobin variants. In some diabetic patients excessively high HbA1c values with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) led to the detection of Hb Graz. In addition to Hb Graz, other silent hemoglobin variants have been found in Austria. Here we review Hb Graz, Hb Sherwood Forest, and Hb Okayama detected while using HPLC for the measurement of HbA1c in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 71 (1995), S. 185-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Glycated hemoglobin ; HbA1c ; Hemoglobinopathy ; β-chain mutation ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Hb Graz ; Hb Sherwood Forest ; Hb Okayama
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used for routine management of diabetic patients. Glucose linkage to HbA1c reflects mean blood glucose levels during the last 3 months before examination. Various methods for HbA1c determination show abnormal values with hemoglobin variants. In some diabetic patients excessively high HbA1c values with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) led to the detection of Hb Graz. In addition to Hb Graz, other silent hemoglobin variants have been found in Austria. Here we review Hb Graz, Hb Sherwood Forest, and Hb Okayama detected while using HPLC for the measurement of HbA1c in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 12 (1965), S. 114-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary compatibility tests carried out correctly and the exclusive administration of blood of the same Rh formula, prevent transfusion reactions with great certainty. Later investigations of transfusion reactions are frequently unsatisfactory with regard to clarification; nevertheless they should be carried out in each case since they occasionally provide indications as to the prevention of further damage. In demonstrated differences in the Rh formula, antibodies, even tough their demonstration may not have been successful, must be considered as the cause. At the time of blood collection, mostly immediately upon transfusion, these antibodies were bound due to the excess in antigen. Beside antibodies, the antigen supply by itself could explain the transfusion reaction, similar to the reaction to an immunization.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Richtig durchgeführte Verträglichkeitsuntersuchungen und ausschließliche Verabreichung Rh-formelgleichen Blutes vermeiden mit großer Sicherheit Transfusionsreaktionen. Nachträgliche Untersuchungen von Transfusionsreaktionen sind hinsichtlich der Klärung häufig unbefriedigend, sollten aber dennoch in jedem Fall durchgeführt werden, da gelegentlich Hinweise zur Vermeidung weiterer Schäden gegeben werden können. Bei nachgewiesenen Differenzen in der Rh-Formel muß, auch beinicht gelungenem Nachweis, an Antikörper als Ursache gedacht werden, die zum Zeitpunkt der Blutentnahme, meist direkt nach der Transfusion, durch den Antigenüberschuß gebunden waren. Neben Antikörpern könnte auch die Antigenzufuhr allein die Transfusionsreaktion erklären, ähnlich wie die Reaktion auf eine Schutzimpfung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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