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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 469-471 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Abdominal skins of R. temporaria and R. esculenta were punctured from the epithelial side perpendicular to the surface. The epithelium was properly attached to a copper grid at the corial side by a negative pressure of 30cm H2O. Trans-epithelial potential difference (PDtr) and short circuit ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 574 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 385 (1980), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sodium transport ; Aldosterone ; Intracellular measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epithelium of the abdominal skin of the toad,Bufo marinus, has been studied by microelectrode impalement. Using an electrical equivalent circuit model, effective EMF's and specific conductances of the apical and basolateral membrane could be calculated. The skin was divided into 2 fragments for incubation in the presence, or not, of aldosterone (≥0.1 μM). After incubation overnight, sodium transport by the hormone-treated piece was increased 2.7-fold on average, compared to the untreated control. Concomitantly, conductance of the apical border increased more than 3-fold. Furthermore, mean conductance and electromotive force at the basolateral border increased by 80% and by 10%, respectively. Whether the latter changes merely represent delayed adaptation to increased apical conductance, cannot be settled from the data available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 403 (1985), S. 337-343 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Shunt pathway ; Diuretics ; Sodium transport chloride conductance ; Amphibian skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Indacrinone, a drug chemically related to ethacrynic acid, usually stimulated reversibly short circuit current and sodium influx when applied to the epithelial surface of amphibian skin. Concomitantly, transepithelial conductance,g t, decreased, provided chloride was the main anion in the incubation fluid. Electrophysiological analysis including microelectrode impalement indicated that the drug increased the sodium-conductance at the apical border of the impaled (most likely granular) cells. The decrease ing t thus points at shunt conductance being reduced with indacrinone, sometimes drastically. Decrease of transepithelial chloride flux with the drug as well as lack of effect of the drug ong t in the absence of chloride on the epithelial side demonstrate the influence of indacrinone on a chloride specific pathway. Whether this is along a paracellular route or through a cellular compartment not coupled to granular cells (mitochondria-rich cells?) cannot be decided on the basis of the present data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 399 (1983), S. 336-341 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog skin ; Junctional conductance ; Voltagedivider ratio ; Paracellular conductance ; Membrane conductances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that distribution of lateral interspace resistance in association with a highly conductive junction can significantly affect the measurement of outer membrane(o)/epithelial(t) voltage divider ratios (F o=δV o/δV t), thereby leading to erroneous inferences regarding the outer membrane fractional resistance [fR o=R o/R c=R o/(R o+R i)], whereR o andR i are the outer and inner cell membrane resistance respectively andR c is the total cell membrane resistance. We present here experimental evidence for this point of view. During seasons when frog skins were highly permeable to Cl, transepithelial conductanceg t often exceeded 2 mS/cm2. High concentrations of external amiloride rapidly blocked cellular transport, butg t initially remained high andF o remained appreciably less than 1.0. These values ofF o were found here to result from low junctional resistanceR j: increase ofR j, either gradually following the administration of amiloride, or abruptly with external replacement of Cl by other anions, was associated with increase ofF o to near unity, without effect on the membrane potential or significant change in the short-circuit current. Experimental results following amiloride validated a simple equivalent circuit model predicting near-linear increase inF o with progressive decrease ing t and led to plausible values ofR j and lateral space resistanceR l. The possible influence of the paracellular resistance pattern on the evaluation of cell membrane resistances from voltage divider ratios is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 235-241 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog skin ; Na Transport ; Wash out kinetics ; Amiloride ; Ouabain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wash out analysis of tracer Na from frog skins after labelling from the epithelial or corial side was performed under control conditions and after transport inhibition by amiloride or ouabain. Wash out from the transport pool, i. e. after labelling from the epithelial side, into the corial bathing solution could be resolved into two individual components under all conditions. The fast one with half times of wash out of about 1.8 min correlates with the rate of transepithelial Na transport. It cannot unequivocally be associated with intra- or extracellular tissue spaces. The slow component with half times of about 18 min is essentially independent of the transport rate. The amount of Na washed out as this component increased considerably after transport inhibition with ouabain, suggesting intracellular location of at least a fraction of the transport pool, which appears to be made up by the entire epithelial cell layers. Wash out of tracer Na from the transport pool to the epithelial side is small compared to wash out to the corial side. Tracer wash out characteristics after labelling from the corial side were similar for wash out to the epithelial and the corial side. This suggests that considerable paracellular fluxes contribute to the Na flux from the corial to the epithelial side. The total intracellular Na present in the epithelium after ouabain can be labelled from the corial side. Carrier mediated Na−Na exchange across the basolateral membranes is proposed to account for this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 365 (1976), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog skin ; Potential profile ; Microelectrode measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The potential profile of the frog skin epithelium incubated in Cl-Ringer was reinvestigated with improved technique. Under open circuit conditions (PDtr up to 120 mV) the potential profile was demonstrated to be trough like in contrast to the stair-step like potential profile reported by previous investigators which has probably been recorded after injuring of the punctured cells. In 67 successful impalements the potential difference across the basolateral membranes was 108±2 mV. The potential across the outer, epithelial-facing membrane was inversely related to the transepithelial PD, but was found to be negative (with respect to the epithelial bathing solution) in all punctures. Electrogenic sodium transport might be responsible for part of the potential difference across the basolateral membranes which correlated directly with the short circuit current. The intracellular potential in the short circuited state was −73±2 mV and decreased with increasing short circuit current. It is suggested that these changes result from variations of the outer membrane sodium conductance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 313 (1969), S. 11-18 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frogskin ; Transportinhibition ; Kidney Function ; Froschhaut ; Transportinhibition ; Nierenfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der isolierten Bauchhaut von Rana temporaria vermindert Lissamingrün noch bei Konzentrationen von 10 mg-% Kurzschlußstrom und Potentialdifferenz, wenn es auf der epithelialen Seite appliziert wird. Bei Zugabe auf der Coriumseite ist Lissamingrün wirkungslos. Die Wirkung von Lissamingrün ist irreversibel. Es wird vermutet, daß Lissamingrün den aktiven Natriumtransport direkt inhibiert. Die Verwendbarkeit von Lissamingrün zur Analyse der Nierenfunktion wird deshalb in Frage gestellt. FD+C Green, ein Lissamingrün-ähnlicher Farbstoff, zeigt keine Wirkung auf Kurzschlußstrom und Potentialdifferenz.
    Notes: Summary The addition of lissamine green (10 mg-% or higher) to the epithelial bath medium of the isolated frog skin reduces short-circuit current and potential difference irreversibly. Lissamine green applied to the corium side in concentrations up to 1000 mg-% is without effect. The data indicate an inhibition of active sodium transport in the frog skin by lissamine green. This raises doubts about the applicability of lissamine green for the analysis of tubular functions. FD and C green, a lissamine like dye, does not influence short-circuit current and potential difference of the frog skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog Skin ; Sodium Transport ; Intracellular Electrolyte Content ; Tracer-Wash-Out ; Ouabain ; Froschhaut ; Natriumtransport ; Intracellulärer Elektrolytgehalt ; Isotopenauswaschanalyse ; Strophantin G
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An der isolierten Froschhaut von R. esculenta wurden verschiedene Parameter des Natriumtransports unter Einwirkung von Strophanthin G (10−4 M/l coriumseitig) analysiert. 1. Das in den Transport eingeschaltete Natrium wird durch Strophanthin G nicht beeinflußt; 2. Das von der Coriumseite her austauschbare intracelluläre Natrium steigt innerhalb von 100 min auf einen neuen steady-state-Wert an, der ca. 40 meq/kg Zellwasser über dem Kontrollwert liegt; 3. Das intracelluläre Kalium fällt in gleichem Maße wie das Natrium ansteigt. 4. Die Zeitkonstante des Flux-build-up vermindert sich von 0,24 min−1 auf 0,10 min−1, der unidirektionale Natriuminflux vermindert sich von 175 auf 25,5 neq/min·6 cm2; 5. Der unidirektionale Natriumefflux wird durch Strophanthin G nicht verändert; 6. In den steady-state-Perioden vor und nach Gabe von Strophanthin G ist der Nettonatriumfluß gleich dem Kurzschlußstrom; während des Non-steady-state übersteigt der Kurzschlußstrom den Nettonatriumfluß um 76,2 neq/cm2; 7. Die Halbwertszeit des Na24-Auswasches nach der Coriumseite verlängert sich von 2,9 min auf 8,2 min. Die Auswaschkurven sind in Kontrolle und nach Strophanthin G linear bei halblogarithmischer Auftragung. Die Daten werden im Rahmen eines Drei-Kompartment-Modells des transepithelialen Natriumtransports diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Several parameters of sodium transport were analyzed on the isolated skin of R. esculenta under the influence of ouabain (10−4 M/l): 1. The sodium pool involved in transepithelial transport is not affected by ouabain; 2. The sodium pool exchangeable from the corium side increases to a new steady state value within 100 min, which is appr. 40 meq/kg cell water above the control value; 3. The intracellular potassium content decreases as the sodium exchangeable from the corium side increases; 4. The time constant of the flux-build-up decreases from 0.24 min−1 to 0.10 min−1, the unidirectional sodium influx decreases from 175 to 25.5 neq/min·6 cm2; 5. The unidirectional sodium efflux is not influenced by ouabain; 6. The net sodium flux and short circuit current are equal in the steady state periods before and after ouabain. During the non-steady state period the short circuit current gives a value of 76.2 neq/cm2 in excess of the net sodium flux; 7. The half time of the Na24-wash-out to the corium side increases from 2.9 min to 8.2 min. The wash-out curves are linear on a semilogarithmic scale. The results are discussed on the basis of a three compartment model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 405 (1985), S. S39 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Equivalent circuit analysis ; Epithelial transport ; Potassium channels ; Rectification ; Barium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The basolateral membrane resistance of frog skin was determined using standard equivalent circuit analysis. Data obtained with different formal approaches were found to deviate sometimes drastically; however, the data do not permit to identify the origin of this inconsistency nor do they indicate which kind of equivalent circuit calculation yields inappropriate results. Within either formulation, response to experimental perturbation appears to be qualitatively accessible. Using increasing concentrations of amiloride to inhibit transcellular current flow, I/V relationships of the basolateral membrane were obtained which showed pronounced non-linearity with decreasing resistance at decreasing current (and hyperpolarizing membrane). The shape of the I/V relationship was opposite after serosal Ba2+. It is suggested that the potassium channels of the basolateral membrane might show kind of inward or “anomalous” rectification known from other membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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