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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 802-808 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Intractable low-mode nonuniformities caused by power imbalance or pointing error of beams are studied quasi-analytically based on Skupsky's axially symmetric model [S. Skupsky and K. Lee, J. Appl. Phys. 54, 3662 (1983)]. These nonuniformities can be improved by decreasing the imperfections σPΩ, or by increasing the number of laser beams NB: deteriorated irradiation uniformity is shown to be proportional to σPΩ/(square root of)NB. Criteria of these imperfections for high irradiation uniformity [≤1% root-mean square (rms)] are then presented in terms of NB. The model is further extended to treat general asymmetric beam patterns. Optimization of beam pattern is also a central issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from Nd:glass has been introduced into the high power twelve beam Nd:glass laser system, Gekko XII for obtaining smooth intensity distribution of a focused beam. The angular dispersion of an ASE spectrum with large beam divergence was adopted for efficient beam smoothing without significant reduction of the harmonic conversion efficiency. Temporal evolution of the beam smoothing was evaluated as a function of the beam divergence by using a statistical model of speckle. In Gekko XII, the spectral width and beam divergence of ASE were controlled in a range of 0.4 to 0.6 nm and 6 to 22 times diffraction limited, respectively. Final output energy of 1.3 kJ/beam in a 2.2 ns duration was demonstrated without significant gain reduction and spectral narrowing. The doubling efficiency of 50% was obtained at a low intensity region of around 0.3 GW/cm2 by matching the angular dispersion of spectrum to that of phase matching condition of a frequency conversion crystal. The speckle structures in the focused beam pattern measured at the equivalent target plane were greatly smoothed out due to the introduced angular dispersion of spectrum and the large beam divergence. The standard deviation of the intensity distribution of the focused beam pattern was estimated to be 3.3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Improvement of laser irradiation uniformity in the Gekko XII system [IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 1639 (1981)], both single beam pattern and power balance, is discussed. Substantial reduction of laser absorption nonuniformity is obtained for spherical harmonic modes greater than 15 by introducing spectrally dispersed amplified spontaneous emission. No perturbation growth is observed in flat foils accelerated by spectrally dispersed amplified spontaneous emission. Dependences of laser absorption uniformity on beam pattern and power imbalance are investigated in detail. The design goal of the power imbalance in the precision Gekko XII system is 3% in peak to valley, and laser absorption nonuniformity is estimated to be a few percent. Growth of hydrodynamic instabilities is analyzed for high convergence ratio implosions in the precision Gekko XII system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Flat plastic targets were directly irradiated and accelerated by partially coherent light from the GEKKO XII laser [Yamanaka et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 1639 (1981)] with the wavelength of 0.53 μm in order to investigate initial laser imprinting. The growth of the perturbation imprinted on the target by an initial foot pulse modulated with a single spatial frequency was observed by the face-on x-ray backlight technique. Imprint levels produced by the foot beam with a stationary intensity modulation of the illumination profile and with a dynamically changing modulation were successfully obtained by an image relay technique and the improved two-wavelength Young's interference method. Simple analytic models are proposed and compared with the experimental results. Stationary imprinting with perturbation wavelength longer than the target thickness is found to be well described by a simple incompressible model. The dynamic dependence of the imprint on the time scale of the temporal illumination profile is found to be qualitatively explained by linear perturbation analysis. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3420-3424 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Preheating is one of the most critical issues in laser fusion, because of significant reduction of volume compression. The nonlocal heat transport in an ablative plasma is found to play an important role in the preheating under high intensity laser irradiation. Namely, the electron heat transport should be described by the Fokker–Planck (FP) equation in the fluid implosion code. The Spitzer–Härm (SH) thermal conduction model is not applicable because the electron mean free path is comparable to the temperature scale length. The numerical simulations of the implosion with the FP heat transport have been carried out for the fast (high entropy) implosion mode in which the implosion velocity reaches as high as 6×107 cm/s. In the fast implosion, the required laser energy for ignition can be reduced. It is found in the simulation that the isentrope in the FP simulation code is higher by two to four times than that in the flux limited SH simulation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme has been proposed for suppressing the initial imprint of the laser irradiation nonuniformities. The target is irradiated by a low intensity x-ray radiation prior to the direct-drive laser pulse. The x-ray irradiation generates a plasma expansion layer on the target surface. The thermal smoothing effect is expected to take place in the preformed plasma when the direct-drive laser pulse comes onto the target, and then, the initial imprint can be significantly reduced. Planar target experiments on the indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme were performed. The preformed plasma profile was measured by using x-ray side-on backlighting method. The reduction of the initial imprint was demonstrated by the indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme on planar target experiments. The imprint is suppressed by a factor of 1.5–7 depending on x-ray preirradiation conditions. Results are in good agreement with the cloudy-day model with parameters derived from one-dimensional simulation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrodynamic instabilities, such as the Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability, play a critical role in inertial confinement fusion as they finally cause fuel-pusher mixing that potentially quenches thermonuclear ignition. Good understanding of the instabilities is necessary to limit the mixing within a tolerable level. A series of experiments has been conducted on the GEKKO XII laser facility [C. Yamanaka et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 1639 (1981)] to measure hydrodynamic instabilities in planar foils directly irradiated by 0.53 μm laser light. It has been found that (1) the imprint is reasonably explained by an imprint model based on the equation of motion with the pressure perturbation smoothed by the cloudy-day effect, and (2) the experimental R–T growth rate is significantly reduced from the classical growth rate due probably to ablative stabilization enhanced by nonlocal heat transport. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The irradiation uniformity of the GEKKO XII laser [C. Yamanaka et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17 1639 (1981)] has been improved by using partially coherent light with angular spectral dispersion and by improving power balance among the beams. Implosion experiments with the uniformity-improved GEKKO XII have been carried out in order to demonstrate stable formation of the hot spark. The isentrope of the compressed pellet shell is controlled by adding a prepulse to enhance the ablative stabilization of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The implosion dynamics has been investigated by x-ray imaging and neutron diagnostics. The experimental results are compared with the mix model prediction based on the one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation. The degradation of neutron yield is attributed to the low-mode asymmetry. Finally, recent results of planer target experiments on the ablative stabilization of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability are also presented. The observed linear growth rate was about 50% of the classical growth rate and was lower than that of the theoretical prediction, based on the Takabe formula combined with the one-dimensional simulation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: One of the most critical quantities to be measured for better understanding of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability is the cutoff wavelength below which the RT instability is stabilized. Unfortunately, this wavelength is expected to be below or close to spatial resolutions of most x-ray imagers used in the RT experiments. We propose and test a new technique using moiré interferometry to convert short wavelength perturbations to longer wavelength perturbations. The RT target is backlit by x rays and imaged just like in conventional experiments, but a grid mask is inserted between the target and the x-ray imager. The grid mask is one dimensional grid with a period slightly different from the wavelength of the RT target. It is set so that the grid and the RT perturbation groove are parallel to each other. With this operation, the long wavelength moiré interference is measured as the beat with the RT target. As an initial test, we use a grid mask with 10 μm period coupled to RT targets with 8 and 12 μm perturbation wavelengths. The corresponding moiré interference wavelengths are 40 and 60 μm, respectively.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3942-3944 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report a novel method to measure the value of mass ablation rate per unit surface (m(overdot)) in laser-irradiated targets. The face-on x-ray backlighting technique was utilized for the measurement. Flat polystyrene foils were irradiated by the partially coherent light at the intensity of 0.7 or 1.4×1014 W/cm2. We observed the residual areal mass of the planar targets to deduce temporally resolved mass ablation rate. Observed mass ablation rates are well reproduced both by the steady-state ablation model and by one-dimensional simulation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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