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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Synthesis of the Isomeric Dimeric Esters of β-Hydroxybutyric Acid* (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 4 (1965), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00879a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced aquation reactions of the resolved azidochlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) ion (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 6 (1967), S. 1807-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50056a011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of Base Hydrolysis of Some Acidopentaamminecobalt(III) Complexes (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1966), S. 5443-5447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innate IFN-γ Production in Cattle in Response to MPP14, a Secreted Protein from Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Calves experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and uninfected calves were tested for interferon(IFN)-γ production after stimulation with purified protein derivative from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (PPDp) or a secreted 14 kDa protein (MPP14) specific for the M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex. Several calves in both groups responded strongly up to about 5 months to both antigens. Two uninfected calves responded repeatedly, but not always, to MPP14 and PPDp throughout the study. The responses in the uninfected animals seemed to be independent of cell contact between the antigen presenting cells (APC) and the responding population. The supernatant from adherent cells stimulated with MPP14 induced similar levels of IFN-γ production in CD14+/B-cell depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as when the antigen was used directly on PBMC. In contrast, APC/T-cell contact was necessary to induce the IFN-γ production in infected animals, suggesting that both innate and adaptive IFN-γ production in response to MPP14 could occur. CD8+ cells contributed to some of the IFN-γ production in response to MPP14, but the rest could not be explained, while CD4+ cells were responsible for the adaptive response to PPDp. This study showed that secreted proteins could induce innate IFN-γ production that interferes with diagnostic testing using the IFN-γ-test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00954.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated Antibody Responses in Patients with Crohn's Disease against a 14-kDa Secreted Protein Purified from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 10) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 10) were tested for immune responses against various antigens from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C (AhpC) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase D (AhpD), which are constitutively expressed in this species as opposed to other mycobacteria, a 14-kDa secreted antigen and PPD-J. The CD patients had significantly elevated antibody levels against the 14 kDa protein (P 〈 0.05) that were negatively correlated with the duration of the disease (rs = − 0.85). They also seemed to have increased antibody levels against AhpC and AhpD, but the differences between the two groups were not significant. However, taken together, the antibody responses to three individual mycobacterial antigens in CD patients strengthen the possibility that the observed responses are caused by mycobacterial infection. No significant differences in the interferon (IFN)-γ production, the interleukin (IL)-10 production and the ability to proliferate upon stimulation with these antigens were observed. These results show that measuring antibody responses against purified specific antigens is a suitable and simple approach when assessing the connection between CD and mycobacteria in patients with clinical CD. Another important aspect in such studies is to have well defined patient groups tested at the onset of clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00857.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Injection in Combination with Electroporation: a Novel Method for Vaccination of Farmed Ruminants (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Injection of plasmid DNA encoding antigens into rodents followed by electroporation improved the immune response when compared with injection without electroporation (Widera et al. J Immunol 2000;164:4635–40; Zucchelli et al. J Virol 2000;74:11598–607; Kadowaki et al. Vaccine 2000;18:2779–88). The present study describes the extension of this technology to farm animals, by injecting plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial antigens (MPB70, Ag85B and Hsp65) into the muscles of goats and cattle using two different types of electrodes, both allowing DNA delivery at the site of electroporation. The animals were vaccinated under local anaesthesia without any observed immediate or long-term distress or discomfort, or any behavioural signs of muscle damage or pathological changes after the electroporation. DNA-injected and electroporated goats showed increased humoral response after the primary vaccination when compared with nonelectroporated animals. Improved T-cell responses following electroporation were observed in hsp65 DNA-vaccinated cattle. DNA injection with or without electroporation did not compromise the specificity of the tuberculin skin test. In conclusion, a protocol applying in vivo electroporation free of side effects to farmed ruminants was established. In addition, we show that DNA vaccination in combination with electroporation can improve the primary immune responses to the encoded antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01218.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3-hydroxy fatty acids in a lipopolysaccharide-like material from Treponema denticola strain FM (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treponemes are associated with major oral diseases such as apical and marginal periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is regarded as an important virulence factor in these diseases. Ii is unclear whether LPS is present in oral treponemes. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine if a common oral treponeme –Treponema denticola– possesses LPS. A modified Westphal method (phenol-water-ethanol-hexane extraction) was used to extract LPS-like material from T. denticola, reference strain FM. It was cultivated in prereduced anaerobically sterilized pectin medium. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the extract detected three hydroxy fatty acids: C3-OH-i-13:0, C3-OH-i-15:0, and C3-OH-16:0 which constituted 12% of its fatty acid content. These acids, commonly regarded as markers of LPS, suggested the presence of LPS in T. denticola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1996.tb00515.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain abscesses caused by oral infection (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Brain abscesses are rare but can be life-threatening infections. Recent progress in microbiological classification and identification has indicated that they are sometimes caused by oral infection and dental treatment. It has been postulated that oral microorganisms may enter the cranium by several pathways: 1) by direct extension, 2) by hematogenous spread, 3) by local lymphatics, and 4) indirectly, by extraoral odontogenic infection. In the direct extension, oral infections spread along the fascial planes. Hematogenous spreading occurs along the facial, angular, ophthalmic, or other veins which lack valves, through the cavernous sinus and into the cranium. Another hematogenous pathway is through the general circulation. Oral bacteria may cause systemic infections, e.g., endocarditis, and then indirectly initiate brain abscess. Microbiota, complications, and the prevention and management of odontogenic brain abscesses are also discussed in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00763.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Campylobacter and Wolinella spp. by Tricine-SDS-PAGE (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of 11 bacterial strains from the type species of the genera Bacteroides (B, fragilis), Prevotella (Pr. melaninogenica), Porphyromonas (Po. gingivalis), Canmpylobacter (C. fetus subsp. fetus), and Wolinella (W. succinogens), and from the type strains of B. distasonis, B. forythus, B. ureolyticus, Po. levii, Po. macacae, and C. gracilis, were extracted with hot water-phenol (Westphal method). S-form LPSs, obtained from all organisms, were well resolved with tricine-sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Lipid A was not stained. Also profiles from LPS of Escherichia coli, serotypes 0111:B4 and 055:B5, could be distinguished. While W. succinogenes showed a relatively short S-form LPS on electrophoregrams, the other bacteria, including B. fragilis, exhibited long-ladder LPSs. Po. gingivalis displayed the largest number of bands and the longest O-chain. The long O-chain of this bacterium may be important for its virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00003.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraradicular infection: a methodological study (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Dental traumatology 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Whether bacteria live or die in periapical lesions of endodontic origin is debated. Sampling of periapical bacteria is difficult due to possible contamination from the indigenous microflora. The aim of this study was to examine whether bacteria were present in periapical lesions of asymptomatic teeth before sampling or were transferred there during sampling. Thirty patients with root-filled teeth and periapical radiolucencies were divided into two groups, each containing 15 patients. In Group 1, a marginal incision was made to explore the periapical lesion. In Group 2, a submarginal incision was made. Before incision, the gingiva and mucosa were washed with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Bacterial samples were taken from the mucosa before reflecting the flap, and from the alveolar bone and the periapical lesion immediately after. All samples were cultured anaerobically on all-purpose and selective media. In Group 1, 12 of the 15 patients (80%) yielded bacteria from their mucosal samples despite the chlorhexidine wash. Bacterial growth was observed in all samples (100%) from the alveolar bone while the periapical lesions gave bacterial growth in 11 of 15 cases (73%). In Group 2, bacteria were cultured from the mucosa in 11 of 15 (73%) patients. Three samples (20%) from the alveolar bone and 10 from the periapical lesions (67%) gave positive growth. The predominant cultivable bacteria were anaerobic. Phenotypic profiling, performed with the data-based API bioMérieux system, indicated that the sampling technique used prevented mucosal bacteria from reaching the exposed bone and the periapical lesions. Profiling also indicated that following marginal incision, bacteria from the periodontal pocket might have reached the underlying tissues by surgeon-released bacteremia or direct translocation. Most organisms detected in the periapical lesions were clearly different from the bacteria present at neighboring sites and appeared to have been there before sampling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-9657.2000.016002084.x
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