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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 11775-11778 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 115 (1993), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Schlagwort(e): Amines ; enthalpy of combustion ; enthalpy of vaporization ; enthalpy of formation ; strain enthalpy ; thermochemistry ; additive increments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The standard molar enthalpies of formation ΔH f 00B0; (liq) at the temperature t = 298.15 K were determined using combustion calorimetry for N-methyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-butaneamine 1a, N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2-butaneamine 1b N-methyl-2,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2-butaneamine 2a, and N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2-butaneamine 2b. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization ΔH vap 00B0; of these compounds were obtained from the temperature variation of the vapor pressure measured in a flow system. The following standard molar enthalpies of formation in gaseous phase ΔH f 00B0; (g) are obtained from these data: for 1a − 10.9 ± 1.9; 1b − 3.6 ± 1.8; 1c − 26.6 ± 1.4, and 1d − 23.0 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1. From the standard molar enthalpies of formation for gaseous compounds which are available in the literature, improved values for the increments of the Benson group addivitiy scheme of amines were calculated. They are used to determine the strain enthalpies of the amines 1 and 2 from this investigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Schlagwort(e): Enthalpy of combustion ; enthalpy of formation ; enthalpy of vaporization ; geminal interaction of substituents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The standard enthalpies of combustion δc H o of aliphatic diacetates1 and aromatic diacetates2 were measured calorimetrically. The enthalpies of vaporization δvap H o or sublimation δsub H o of1 and2 were obtained from the temperature function of the vapor pressure measured in a flow system. From δf H o(g) of1 and2 new values of group increments for the estimation of standard enthalpies of formation of these classes of compounds were derived. The geminal interaction energy between the geminal acyloxy groups shows no anomeric stabilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2323-2332 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Acetals ; Small-ring ketals ; Strain ; Thermochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Enthalpies of formation ΔHf°(g) of ketals prepared from cyclopropanone, cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and 7-norbornanone with methanol, ethylene glycol, and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, as well as of acetals/ketals of acyclic aldehydes and ketones, have been determined by measuring their heats of combustion and their heats of sublimation/vaporization. Group increments defining the strain-free energy level have been derived from the collected experimentally determined ΔHf°(g) values of unstrained acetals and ketals, and the anomeric stabilizations of these groups (given in brackets) have been calculated from a comparison of their group increments with those of ethers: CH2[2O, C] -64.9 (-20.2), CH[2O, C] -63.5 (-21.3), C[2O, 2C] -61.9 (-26.8), CH[2O, Ph] -58.4 (-16.2), C[2O, Ph, C] -56.3 (-21.2), C[2O, 2Ph] -67.1 (-32.0) kJ mol-1. Enthalpies of formation ΔHf°(g) of cyclic and spirobicyclic ketals have also been determined experimentally and compared with values obtained from molecular mechanics calculations (MM3). The close agreement of the results shows that the anomeric interactions, which are already integrated in the MM3 force field, are not dissimilar in the small-ring cyclic and spirobicyclic ketals investigated in this study. The hybridization of the anomeric carbon atom apparently has no influence on the size of the anomeric effect detectable. The strain enthalpies of the cyclic and spirobicyclic ketals have therefore been calculated from their ΔHf°(g) values using the group increment scheme. Analysis and interpretation of all geminal interactions known in acetals/ketals is possible by means of a recently developed additivity scheme, and a single value of -38.6 kJ mol-1 has been obtained for the structural increment representing the inherent geminal O-C-O interactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 579-584 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Schlagwort(e): Enthalpy of formation ; Enthalpy of vaporization ; Enthalpy of combustion ; Cycloalkanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The standard enthalpies of formation ΔHf°(g) of mono- and gem-di(alkoxycarbonyl)-substituted cyclopropanes 1, cyclobutanes 2 and cyclopentanes 3 have been calculated from the standard enthalpies of combustion ΔHc°, which were measured calorimetrically, in combination with the standard enthalpies of vaporization ΔHvap°. The latter were obtained for 1a-c, 2b-c and 3b-c from the temperature dependence of the vapor pressures, which were measured in a flow system. Contrary to suggestions in the literature, only weak stabilization (≤ 8 kJ · mol-1) of small rings by gem-alkoxycarbonyl substituents was observed. In this context, we give a revised value for the enthalpy of combustion of methyl cyclobutanecarboxylate. It is concluded that the known high rates of ring closure to gem-dialkoxycarbonyl cyclopropanes are not attributable to a ‘stabilizing effect’ resulting from conjugation between the alkoxycarbonyl substituents and the cyclopropane ring, as has been suggested in the literature. The operation of a Thorpe-Ingold- or gem-dimethyl-type effect would seem to offer a more satisfactory interpretation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1808-1834 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Thermolabile Hydrocarbons, VIII. Thermolyses of 1,2-Dialkyl,2-diphenylethanesA series of 1,2-dialkyl-1,2-diphenylethanes 3 was prepared by dimerisation procedures. In several cases pure diastereomers were isolated and their configuration was determined. The analyses of the thermolysis products show that bond cleavage occurs primarily at the central C—C-bond. The rates of thermolysis increase parallel with the steric substituent constants ESC and Sf of the halves of the molecules. An even better correlation is observed between rates and strain enthalpies of 3 as obtained from combustion experiments or force field calculations. A comparison of this correlation with a similar one of aliphatic hydrocarbons published recently 4) allows the separation of steric and resonance effects on the thermal stabilities of 3. It is concluded that the position of the transition state on the reaction coordinate depends strongly on group sizes.
    Notizen: Eine Reihe 1,2-Dialkyl-1,2-diphenylethane 3 wurde durch Dimerisationsreaktionen dargestellt. Teilweise wurden die reinen Diastereomeren isoliert und ihre Konfigurationen aufgeklärt. Der thermische Zerfall der Kohlenwasserstoffe 3 wurde präparativ und kinetisch untersucht, er erfolgt fast ausschließlich durch primäre Spaltung der zentralen C—C-Bindung. Die Zerfallskonstanten steigen semiquantitativ parallel mit den sterischen Substitutionskonstanten ESC und Sf der Molekülhälften an. Eine bessere Korrelation geben die experimentell bzw. Durch Kraftfeldrechnungen ermittelten Spannungsenthalpien. Der Vergleich dieser Korrelation mit der entsprechenden früher4) für reine Alkane ermittelten gestattet eine Separierung von sterischen und Resonanzeffekten auf die thermische Stabilität von 3. Es wird gefolgert, daß die Lage der Übergangszustände der Thermolysen auf der Reaktionskoordinate mit der Gruppengröße stark variiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3780-3789 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Thermolabile Hydrocarbons, VII: meso- and DL-3,4-Di(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexaneThe structure of the thermolabile hydrocarbon meso-3,4-di(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane, meso-2 (t1/2 = 1 h at ≍ 210°C), was determined by X-ray analysis. In addition structure and strain energies of both diastereomers 2 were obtained by force field calculations (Allinger Force Field 1971). meso-2 has in agreement with its 13C NMR spectrum an anti-conformation in the solid and gaseous state and in solution. For DL-2 the preferred conformation is predicted to be gauche-1 (cf. Fig. 2). Force field calculations for various conformations of both diastereomers of 2 and their comparison with analogous calculations for meso- und DL-3,4-dicyclohexyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane (1) allow an interpretation of the factors determining the conformational situation.
    Notizen: Die Struktur des thermolabilen Kohlenwasserstoffs meso-3,4-Di(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan, meso-2 (t1/2 = 1 h bei ≍ 210°C), wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Nach der Kraftfeldmethode (Allinger-Kraftfeld 1971) wurden Struktur- und Spannungsenergie von beiden Diastereomeren 2 berechnet. In Einklang mit den 13C-NMR-Spektren besitzt meso-2 unabhängig vom Aggregatzustand die anti-Konformation, während für DL-2 die gauche-1 Vorzugskonformation (s. Abb. 2) vorausgesagt wird. Die Kraftfeldrechnungen für verschiedene Konformationen der Diastereomeren 2 und ihr Vergleich mit den entsprechenden Rechnungen für meso- und DL-3,4-Dicyclohexyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexan(1) gestatten eine Diskussion der konformationsbestimmenden Faktoren.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Substituent Effects on the Strength of C—C-Bonds. IX. Thermolability of 2,3-Di(N,N-dialkylamino)-diethyl-succinatesThe title compounds meso and D, L 3a-c have been prepared from R,R′N—CH2-COOEt (5), R,R′ = CH3 (a), C2H5 (b) and i-C3H7 (c), by lithiation followed by oxidation with I2. The thermolysis of 3 above 140°C in solution generates the radicals 1, which could be detected by e.s.r. Kinetic measurements are performed in the presence of a phenylthiol as a scavenger and the activation parameters are determined. - The steric acceleration of the cleavage reaction is separated using the correlation ΔG≠(300°C) = a Ds + b, whereby the strain values Ds = Hs (3) - 2 Hs (1)) are taken from force field calculations. The obtained strain free barrier to dissociation b = 37.4 kcal/mol is considerably lower than the value for the thermolysis reaction of tetraalkyl ethanes (b = 66.2kcal/mol [17]). The decrease of the activation enthalpy (ΔΔH≠ = 35.4kcal/mol) is mainly caused by stabilisation of 1 compared to sec. alkyl radicals; heats of formation of meso-3a and 5a support this conclusion.Furthermore, the decrease of bond strength in 3 by the two geminal capto-dative substituents exceeds the sum of the effect of one ester group (ΔΔH≠ = 4kcal/mol [19]) and one amino group (ΔΔH≠ = 9.5kcal/mol, drawn from the thermolysis of 1,2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-1,2-diphenyl-ethane (4) by about 4 kcal/mol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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