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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Six trials were done during three years (1966–69) in eastern England to study how known amounts of insecticidal seed dressings affect the growth of winter wheat and the severity of attack by wheat bulb fly larvae. In the first two years γ-BHC dry dressing was applied to seeds previously treated with a liquid organomercury fungicide, but in the third year seeds were dressed with powders containing fungicide mixed with the insecticides γ-BHC, chlorfenvinphos or ethion. Analysis using gas liquid chromatography showed that the ethion+ fungicide dressing stuck to the seeds much better than the chlorfenvinphos+fungicide dressing or either formulation of γ-BHC. Some ethion, γ-BHC and chlorfenvinphos later fell off the seeds, the exact amount depending on the method of drilling. Small amounts of insecticide, less than about 10μg/seed of γ-BHC or less than about 15μg/seed of the organophosphorus compounds, were ineffective against wheat bulb fly. Increasing amounts of all three insecticides progressively decreased the percentage of damaged shoots and the percentage of plants with live larvae, but more of the organophosphorus insecticides, especially of ethion, was generally needed to give the same protection as γ-BHC. No seed treatment damaged seedlings in trials on peaty loams or sandy clay loams, but seeds dressed with the standard amount of liquid organomercury fungicide and several different amounts of γ-BHC dry dressing germinated poorly in the sandy loam soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Seed dressings of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, at 0⋅1 per cent and 0⋅5 per cent active ingredient to weight of seed, were compared with heptachlor and ethion standards for control of wheat bulb fly during 1966–68. Short rows of treated seeds were sown in autumn on sites infested with wheat bulb fly eggs, and sample plants were examined in spring. The effective new materials, judged by the percentage of damaged shoots and the percentage of plants containing live larvae, were R 42211 (0,0-diethyl 0-(2-diethylamino-6-methyl-pyri-midin-4-yl) phosphorothioate), B 77488 (0,0-diethyl phosphorothioate 0-ester with phenylglyoxylonitrile oxime), B 80833 (0-methyl 0-3,4-dichlorophenyl methyl phosphonothionate), ‘Dursban’ (0,0-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) and bromophos-ethyl. However, both doses of ‘Dursban’ and bromophos-ethyl. and the larger dose of B 80833 damaged young seedlings. There was only slight damage with the large dose of B 77488 and none with R 42211, so these two compounds were the most promising new materials tested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 16 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: New insecticides, some in novel formulations, and insect repellents were tested during 1968–71 as seed dressings to protect winter wheat against attack by wheat bulb fly larvae. Preliminary tests in the laboratory were followed by trials in fields in the Midlands and eastern England. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide resmethrin at one per cent active ingredient to weight of seed significantly decreased attack by wheat bulb fly in one trial on a sandy clay loam but not on other soils or in other years. The best protection against attack in the field was given by the organophosphorus insecticides C8874 (O,O-diethyl O-2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl thiophosphate) and C18244 (O-ethyl-O-(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) ethyl thiophosphohate). These compounds were more eflective than chlorfenvinphos used as a standard but are unlikely to be developed further in this country.Using polyvinyl acetate formulations, much larger amounts of pyrethroids could be applied to the seeds without decreasing plant emergence, but insect control was not improved. Pre-treatment with liquid paraffin,‘Lutanol M40’(polyvinyl methyl ether) or ‘Polyvis 200’(polybutene) improved adhesion of γ-BHC powder to seed, but effects on plant emergence and on insect control need more testing. A uniform seed to seed distribution of liquid insecticide was obtained by dipping seeds in dilute emulsions of ethion, but these seeds germinated less well than seeds treated with a commercial powder formulation of the same insecticide.Seed dressings of the insect repellents ‘Deet’(N,N-diethyl m-toluamide), MGK 11 (2,3:4,5-bis(2-butylene) tetrahydro-2-furaldehyde) or MGK 874 (2-hydroxyethyl-n-octyl sulphide) failed to protect winter wheat from attack by wheat bulb fly in the field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 346-346 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] During oviposition the female parasite lays a single egg, with precision, into the fused thoracic ganglia of each aphid, and it has been shown2 that the parasite will readily attack the following species of aphids occurring on lettuce : Nasonovia ribis-nigri (Mosley), Macrosiphum euphorbiae ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphis fabae ; plant penetration ; electronic monitoring ; video ; antifeedant ; polygodial
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Simultaneous electronic and close-up video recordings were made of behaviour during the initial 15 min of plant contact by adult, apterous Aphis fabae Scopoli on tick bean seedlings (Vicia faba Moench). Electronic techniques accurately determined stylet penetration of plant tissue and there was a close correlation between penetration and periods during which the insect antennae and body were immobile (r=0.994, n=60). Video techniques were then used alone to infer stylet penetration and the behaviour of aphids after various treatments was monitored. In particular, the time to first penetration, the number of penetrations, the mean duration of penetrations and the total time of penetration were observed. Behavioural differences were recorded between tethered (as required for electronic recording) and freelymoving insects as well as between fed and starved insects. The behaviour of starved aphids placed on beans treated with the plant-derived antifeedant, polygodial could not be distinguished from aphids on solvent-treated control beans. However, there were significant differences in behaviour of aphids which had previously been exposed to polygodial on plant or green/yellow paper surfaces for 24 h when compared with insects exposed to solvent alone. The possible modes of action of polygodial are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 24 (1978), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans des conditions leur offrant un choix, lesM. persicae adultes réagissent à différentes substances appliquées à la surface d'une membrane Parafilm à travers laquelle ils peuvent atteindre une ration alimentaire artificielle. Des extraits de corps de pucerons appliqués à la membrane les dissuadent de se poser et d'y déposer leurs larves. Le fractionnement de ces extraits a montré que les lipides neutres et acides étaient actifs. On a done recherché quelle était l'activité biologique des acides gras de pucerons et des substances apparentées et on a trouvé que les acides normaux, avec des chaînes de longueur C8 à C13, étaient dissuasifs, tandis que ceux ayant des chaînes de longueur C17 ou plus longues stimulaient les insectes à se poser. L'introduction d'un second groupe d'acide carboxylique (W) avait généralement pour effet de renforcer la tendance à se poser tandis que l'insaturation ne faisait généralement guère de différence pour les composés dissuasifs mais rendait moins actifs les composés stimulants. Dans des conditions n'offrant pas de choix, le comportement des pucerons était encore influencé par l'acide dodécanoïque, composé dissuasif, mais pas par l'acide heptadécanoïque, composé stimulant.
    Notizen: Abstract Extracts of aphid bodies that deter settling and larviposition by adultMyzus persicae (Sulz.) were separated into hydrophilic and lipid fractions; investigation of the lipids showed that both the acidic and neutral fractions were active. Aphid fatty acids and related compounds were tested for biological activity. Fatty acids with chain lengths of C8 to C13 were deterrent while those longer than C16 stimulated settling. Introduction of a second (W) carboxylic acid group generally enhanced settling. In general, unsaturation made little difference to the activity of deterrent compounds but made stimulatory materials less active.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 10 (1967), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Um den Einfluß von Insektiziden auf das Freßverhalten von Drahtwürmern zu prüfen, wurden auf zweierlei Weise Filtrierpapierscheiben benutzt, die mit dem Nährstoff vollgesogen waren: a) durch Zumischen der Insektizide in den Boden, so daß die Drahtwürmer ihrer Kontaktwirkung nicht entgehen konnten (Bodenbehandlung), b) durch Aufbringen der Insektizide auf die Nährscheiben selbst (Scheibenbehandlung). Drahtwürmer hörten einige Tage oder Wochen vor ihrem Tode auf zu fressen, wenn sie in Böden vergraben waren, die mit 3,7 ppm Aldrin, Bayer 38156 (O-ethyl-S-p-totyl-ethyl phosphonodithioate), N 2790 (O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonodithioate) oder Thionazin behandel waren. 3 von 10 Drahtwürmern gewannen ihre Freßfähigkeit langsam wieder, nachdem sie für 4 Tage in Boden vergraben gewesen waren, der mit 3,7 ppm γ-BHC behandelt war. Die Freßfähigkeit wurde wenig beeinflußt, wenn die Drahtwürmer in Boden eingeschlossen wurden, der Bromophos, Dichlofenthion, Ethion oder RD 14838 (3-isopropylphenyl N-acetyl N-methylcarbamate) enthielt, von denen keines sehr giftig für Drahtwürmer ist. Wenn die Insektizide den Nahrungsscheiben zugefügt wurden, wurden die mit Thionazin oder γ-BHC behandelten Scheiben weniger oft befressen als diejenigen, die nur die Nahrung enthielten. Mit Nahrungsstoffen und Aldrin behandelte Scheiben wurden bereitwillig befressen, aber die Drahtwürmer hörten später zu fressen auf und starben.
    Notizen: Abstract Filter-paper discs soaked in nutrient were used to study how insecticides affect the biting behaviour of wireworms. When wireworms were buried in soils treated with 3.7 ppm aldrin, Bayer (381561), N 2790 or thionazin they stopped biting several days or weeks before they died. Three out of ten wireworms slowly recovered their biting ability after being buried for 4 days in soil containing 3.7 ppm γ-BHC. Biting behaviour was little affected when wireworms were confined to soils containing insecticides known to be not very toxic to wireworms. Nutrient discs treated with thionazin or γ-BHC were bitten less often than discs containing nutrient alone. Those treated with nutrient and aldrin were bitten almost as often as nutrient discs but the wireworms later stopped biting and died.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 27 (1980), S. 199-201 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphididae ; Myzus persicae ; Phorodon humuli ; Lipaphis erysimi ; alarm pheromone ; inhibitor ; (E)-β-farnesene ; (-)-β-caryophyllene ; Humulus lupulus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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