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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water quality in a closed recirculating fish culture system influenced by addition of a carbon source in relation to feed uptake by fish (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. In a closed recirculating fish culture system with a rotating disc filter serving as ‘biofilter”, waterquality was maintained by the addition of hydrolysed corn starch in the settable solids tank. According to the feed uptake by rainbow trout. Salmo gairdneri Richardson, starch was introduced to adjust a nutrient relation of organic C:N of 1·6:1 for the bacterial biomass. Trout grew from 42 g to 254 g in body weight in 118 days. No differences in feed uptake and feed conversion rate were observed in a control group held in a flow-through system with tap water as culture medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1988.tb00429.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glut 4 content in the plasma membrane of rat skeletal muscle: comparative studies of the subcellular fractionation method and the exofacial photolabelling technique using ATB-BMPA
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 330 (1993), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Schlagwort(e): ATB-BMPA ; Exofacial photolabelling ; Glucose transporter ; Skeletal muscle ; Subcellular fractionation
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(93)80895-2
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method for determining digestibility of nutrients in eels
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 32 (1983), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90270-3
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of glipizide on glucose metabolism and muscle content of the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (GLUT 4) and glycogen synthase activity during hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Glipizide ; Type 2 diabetes mellitus ; Glucose metabolism ; GLUT 4 ; Glycogen synthase activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To examine whether sulphonylureas influence hyperglycaemia-induced glucose disposal and suppression of hepatic glucose production (HGP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, a 150-min hyperglycaemic (plasma glucose 14 mmol/l) clamp with concomitant somatostatin infusion was used in eight type 2 diabetic patients before and after 6 weeks of glipizide (GZ) therapy. During the clamp a small replacement dose of insulin was given (0.15 mU/kg per min). Isotopically determined glucose-induced glucose uptake was similar before and after GZ administration which led to improved glycaemic control (basal plasma glucose 12.2±1.3 vs 8.9±0.7 mmol/l;P〈0.01). Glucose-induced suppression of HGP was, however, more pronounced during GZ treatment (0.96±0.14 vs 1.44±0.20 mg/kg per min;P〈0.02). Following GZ treatment hyperglycaemia failed to stimulate glycogen synthase activity. Moreover, GZ resulted in a significant increase in the immunoreactive abundance of the insulin-regulatable glucose transport protein (GLUT 4) (P〈0.02). In conclusion, these results suggest that GZ therapy in type 2 diabetic patients enhances hepatic sensitivity to hyperglycaemia, while glucose-induced glucose uptake remains unaffected. In addition, GZ tends to normalize the activity of glycogen synthase and increases the content of GLUT 4 protein in skeletal muscle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580757
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intrinsic rate of increase, body size, and specific metabolic rate in marine mammals (1984)
    Springer
    Oecologia 62 (1984), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Hennemann (1983) provided empirical support for McNab's (1980) hypothesis that a higher specific metabolic rate (SMR) in mammals translates into a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r m ). However, the few marine mammals in Hennemann's data base were excluded from any detailed analyses because their “high rates of metabolism but only average or low values of r m ” (p. 106) were thought to reflect trade-offs between maintenance and production necessary to compensate for heat loss in aquatic environments (Hennemann 1983, also see McNab 1980). To investigate further the relationships among r m , body size, and specific metabolic rate in marine mammals (pinnepeds, sirenians, and cetaceans), r m was estimated for 37 populations using published life-history data and Cole's (1954) equation (Hennemann 1983). Estimates of r m in relation to body size in marine mammals were generally within the 95% confidence limits calculated for terrestrial mammals using Hennemann's data. Contrary to Hennemann's (1983) observations, eight of these populations had an r m which was higher in relation to body size than predicted by the average terrestrial mammalian relationship. Furthermore, for marine mammal populations where suitable data were available, r m was correlated with specific metabolic rate (r=0.85, P≦0.035) and all the estimates were again within the 95% confidence limits established from data for terrestrial mammals (Hennemann 1983). It is premature, therefore, to reject the hypothesis that marine mammals do not differ significantly from terrestrial mammals in their allocation of energy for maintanance and reproduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384261
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical approaches to the study of plant-fungal interactions in arbuscular mycorrhiza (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 919-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; abscisic acid ; carotenoid ; Glomus ; nitrate reductase ; mycorradicin ; sterols ; yellow pigment in mycorrhiza
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This communication compares some biochemical methods for quantifying colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The degree of mycorrhizal colonization can conveniently be measured by determining fungal specific sterols. AM-colonized plants show a specific synthesis of 24-methylene cholesterol and an enhanced level of campesterol (=24-methyl cholesterol). A gene probe for nitrate reductase, the key enzyme for nitrogen assimilation, has been developed, which allows the monitoring of the distribution of this enzyme in fungi. Among the phytohormones tested, only abscisic acid (ABA) is found at a considerably higher level in AM-colonized plants than in controls. The concentration of ABA is about twenty times higher in spores and hyphae of the AM fungusGlomus than in maize roots. Other phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins) do not show such alterations after mycorrhizal colonization. The roots of gramineous plants become yellow as a result of mycorrhizal colonization. The yellow pigment(s) formed is (are) deposited in larger quantities in the vacuole(s) of the root parenchyma and endodermis cells during the development of the gramineous plants. A substance isolated from such roots has now been identified as a C-14 carotenoid with two carboxylic groups, and named mycorradicin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923479
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Basal and insulin stimulated substrate metabolism in tumour induced hypoglycaemia; evidence for increased muscle glucose uptake (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Glucose turnover ; forearm technique ; intermediary metabolites ; euglycaemic and hypoglycaemic glucose clamp ; indirect calorimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary While it has very recently been reported that tumour induced hypoglycaemia is characterised by elevated production of insulin-like growth factor 2, the tissues responsible for induction of hypoglycaemia are largely unknown. We have investigated a patient with a large retroperitoneal mass and spontaneous hypoglycaemia. When compared to a reference population the patient displayed: (1) An increased glucose disposal rate and a five-fold elevation of forearm glucose uptake. (2) A decreased endogenous glucose production rate. (3) Decreased circulating levels of lipid intermediates. (4) Increased glucose oxidation and decreased lipid oxidation. (5) Low circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 and normal levels of insulin-like growth factor 1. (6) Normal insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic glucose clamp). Blood concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, glucagon, growth hormone and catecholamines were within normal range, but the growth hormone response to hypoglycaemia was blunted. The data suggest that the mechanisms behind tumour induced hypoglycaemia are of systemic nature and that the tissue most prominently affected is striated muscle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404019
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decreased hepatic glucagon responses in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Type 1 diabetes mellitus ; Glucagon ; Hepatic glucose production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of glucagon infusion on hepatic glucose production during euglycaemia was evaluated in seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and in ten control subjects. In the diabetic subjects normoglycaemia was maintained during the night preceding the study by a variable intravenous insulin and glucose infusion. During the study endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by somatostatin (450 μg/h) and replaced by insulin infusion (0.15 mU·kg−1·min−1). 3H-glucose was infused for isotopic determination of glucose turnover. Plasma glucose was clamped at 5 mmol/1 for 2 h 30 min and glucagon (1.5 ng· kg−1·min−1) was then infused for the following 3 h. Hepatic glucose production and glucose utilisation were measured during the first, second and third hour of the glucagon infusion. Basal hepatic glucose production (just prior to glucagon infusion) was similar in diabetic (1.2±0.3 mg·kg−1·min−1) and control (1.6±0.1 mg·kg−1·min−1) subjects. In diabetic patients hepatic glucose production rose slowly to 2.1±0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1 during the first hours of glucagon infusion and stabilized at this level (2.4±0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1) in the third hour. In control subjects hepatic glucose production increased sharply to higher levels than in the diabetic subjects (3.4±0.3 mg·kg−1·min−1) during the first and second hour of glucagon infusion (p〈0.05) and then gradually fell (2.9±0.4 mg·kg−1·min−1) during the third hour. In conclusion, when stimulated with glucagon at a physiologic plasma concentration diabetic patients had 1) an overall reduced hepatic glucose production response and 2) an abnormal sluggish response pattern. These abnormalities may imply inappropriate counter-regulation following a hypoglycaemic episode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403290
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure and its association with aerobic work capacity (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose tolerance ; chronic renal failure ; aerobic work capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tissue sensitivity to insulin and aerobic work capacity was measured in patients with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure. Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 (11–43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Fasting blood glucose was comparable and in the non-diabetic range in the two groups as was the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia both during fasting (p〈0.01) and during the test (p〈0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinaemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404±118 vs 494±85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p〈0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77±0.71 vs 2.57±0.70 (mg/(kgBW·min) per pmol/l·100, p〈0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24±8 vs 32±11 ml O2/(kg body weight·min), p〈0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also those with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic. The tissue sensitivity to insulin is correlated to the maximal aerobic work capacity suggesting that these patients might benefit from physical training programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400725
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure and its association with aerobic work capacity (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose tolerance ; chronic renal failure ; aerobic work capacity.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tissue sensitivity to insulin and aerobic work capacity was measured in patients with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure. Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2 (11–43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Fasting blood glucose was comparable and in the non-diabetic range in the two groups as was the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia both during fasting (p 〈 0.01) and during the test (p 〈 0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinaemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404 ± 118 vs 494 ± 85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p 〈 0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77 ± 0.71 vs 2.57 ± 0.70 (mg/(kgBW · min) per pmol/l · 100, p 〈 0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24 ± 8 vs 32 ± 11 ml O2/(kg body weight · min), p 〈 0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also those with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic. The tissue sensitivity to insulin is correlated to the maximal aerobic work capacity suggesting that these patients might benefit from physical training programmes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 565–572]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400725
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