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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The high-temperature stability of chemically vapor-deposited tungsten-silicon couples rapid thermal annealed in ammonia and argon (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6721-6726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A rapid thermal anneal (RTA) in an NH3 ambient has been found to increase the thermal stability of W films chemically vapor deposited (CVD) on Si. W films deposited onto single-crystal Si by low-pressure CVD were rapid thermal annealed at temperatures between 500 and 1100 °C in NH3 and Ar ambients. The reactions were studied using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and four-point resistivity probe. High-temperature (≥1000 °C) RTA in Ar completely converted W into the low resistivity (31 μΩ cm) tetragonal WSi2 phase. In contrast, after a prior 900 °C RTA in NH3, N inclusion within the W film and at the W/Si interface almost completely suppressed the W-Si reaction. Detailed examination, however, revealed some patches of WSi2 formed at the interface accompanied by long tunnels extending into the substrate, and some crystalline precipitates in the substrate close to the interface. The associated interfacial contact resistance was only slightly altered by the 900 °C NH3 anneal. The NH3-treated W film acted as a diffusion barrier in an Al/W/Si contact metallurgy up to at least 550 °C, at which point some increase in contact resistance was measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random amplified polymorphic DNA variation within and among meadow bromegrass progeny types (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ten meadow bromegrass genotypes tested as half-sib (polycross, PX; open-pollinated, OP) and selfed (S1) progenies were surveyed using random amplified polymorphic DNA. Fourteen primers, which produced 32 markers, were selected to determine the genotypes of 360 individuals from the three progeny tests. Analysis of molecular variance was performed in each progeny test, and genetic distances between genotypes and progeny types were determined. Among genotype genetic variation in half-sib (PX and OP) progenies was similar. Genetic variation among genotypes for S1 progenies (30.5%) was about twice that found in the half-sib progenies. Variation between individual S1 progenies ranged from 15.7% to 50.1%, while in the half-sib progenies, the range was 6.9-24.1%. Based on average distances between progeny types for a given genotype, OP and PX were closer to each other than to the S1. An analysis of variance of the molecular marker frequency occurrence was performed for 12 plants within each progeny type of each genotype. Marker frequencies, expressed in percentages, ranged from 10.7% to 84.3%. No significant differences were found for genotype and progeny type-genotype interaction suggesting that all genotypes behave in a similar manner across the different progeny types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00830.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the genetic relationship of hybrid bromegrass to smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass using RAPD markers (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The two most widely grown bromegrass species in North America are smooth bromegrass, a hay type grass, and meadow bromegrass, a pasture type grass. Hybrid populations between these two species have been developed through hybridization and recurrent selection. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of the hybrid bromegrass population S-9073M to its parental populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and to determine genetic variation within and between populations. Individuals from each of the three populations were genotyped at 43 polymorphic RAPD loci. One of the RAPD fragments was meadow bromegrass-specific. Cluster analysis showed three groups representing the two parental populations and the hybrid population. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), showed that the hybrid population had the highest within-population variation, followed by meadow bromegrass and smooth bromegrass. The interpopulation genetic distance (phi-statistic =Φst) was highest between meadow and smooth bromegrass and lowest between smooth and hybrid bromegrass. The hybrid population was genetically intermediate to smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass, but closer to smooth bromegrass, possibly reflecting the selection criteria used in the development of this hybrid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00555.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation, heritability and progeny testing in meadow bromegrass (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Meadow bromegrass is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. Because relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and assess breeding methodologies for meadow bromegrass. Forty half-sib (polycross and open-pollinated) and full-sib (selfed) progenies were evaluated for dry matter and seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Genetic variation for seed yield, harvest index, and plant height was significant in the open-pollinated and selfed tests. Genetic variation estimates for dry matter yield were negative (polycross), not significant (open-pollinated), or significant (selfed). Estimates of genetic variation for quality traits were not significant, except for acid detergent fibre (selfed). Correlations among characters indicated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Rankings of progenies by the half-sib tests for forage and seed yield were not altered by the use of the synthetic parental value (SVi), which includes information from selfed progeny. The polycross progeny test did not discriminate parents as well as the open-pollinated and selfed tests; this may have been a result of non-random pollination in the polycross. Correlation among the progeny tests, showed that open-pollinated and selfed progeny tests agreed for all characters, except for harvest index, while correlation between polycross and selfed tests were significant for six characters but not dry matter yield, and acid and neutral detergent fibres. The most dissimilar tests were polycross and open-pollinated, with significant correlations found only for fertility index, height, spread and neutral detergent fibre. It was concluded that there was significant variation and moderate heritability for most traits in the meadow bromegrass populations evaluated, and that the open-pollinated progeny test is the method of choice for selecting parents for synthetics of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.739124.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of titanium silicide films formed by composite sputtering and rapid thermal annealing
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 151 (1987), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6090(87)90008-3
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of browse supplementation on maize husk utilization by goats (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 17 (1992), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: supplementation ; goats ; browse ; leucaena ; calliandra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of browse supplementation on maize husk (Zea mays) utilization by goats was studied in a 12 week feeding and 2 week digestibility trial. Twenty-four goats were stratified according to their weight, and then randomly allocated to four treatments. Browse supplementation significantly increased (P 〈 0.05) the total dry matter intake, diet dry matter digestibility and diet organic matter digestibility (P 〈 0.05) but did not have any significant effect on acid detergent fibre digestibility (P 〉 0.05). The browse supplemented goats gained more weight than the non browse supplemented goats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of nitrogen fixation and transfer from alfalfa to associated grasses in mixed swards under field conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfalfa ; bromegrass ; N fixation ; N transfer ; timothy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fixation and transfer of nitrogen (N) from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to different grass species including timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) were studied under field conditions, using the15N dilution technique. The percentage of alfalfa N derived from fixation (%NF) increased throughout the growing seasons and ranged from 62 to 83%. Nitrogen transfer (NT) from alfalfa to associated grasses was evident and contributed 26,46 and 38% of the total annual N yield of associated grasses or represented absolute amounts of 5, 20 and 19 kg N ha−1 during the first, second and third year, respectively. The gradual and consistent percentage of NT that occurred before first harvest indicated that this transfer is a result of a direct excretion of N compounds from alfalfa root systems. Decomposition of root and nodule debris seems to contribute to the NT from alfalfa to associated grasses in the later cuts. All grass species benefitted similarly from alfalfa, although earlier maturing species with greater competitive ability were slightly more responsive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220805
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to divergent selection for adventitious root growth in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 58 (1991), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Red clover ; Trifolium pratense ; persistence ; growth types ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) persistence is improved by the growth of adventitious roots from the crown. The effect of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for adventitious roots in red clover was evaluated and root and shoot traits including degree of flowering habit correlated. Three classes of single-cross progenies were produced by crossing plants within and between the high and low root selections. Parents and progeny were grown as spaced plants. Adventitious root score and volume were significantly correlated (p〈0.05); however they generally had low or nonsignificant correlations with other variables. A significant correlation (r=-0.36, p〈0.01) was found between adventitious root score and flowering score (growth type) in 1988 but not in 1989. Significant variation was found among the three classes of single-cross progeny for adventitious root score and crown diameter. The effect of progeny class on score of adventitious roots was not linear, suggesting dominance effects for the absence of adventitious roots may have been present. A narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0.30 was found by midparent offspring regression of the adventitious root score. This low heritability value implies that successful selection would require progeny testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022812
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plow down effects of different forage legume species, cultivars, cutting strategies and seeding rates on the yields of subsequent crops (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Barley ; Corn ; Management ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plow down ; Red clover ; Sweetclover ; Temperate climate ; Trefoil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Under some conditions the plow down of forage legumes increases the yield of subsequent crops, which is usually caused by improved soil N. However, better soil structure is also a contributing factor. Three experiments were conducted to measure the effect of legume plow down on the yield of subsequent corn crops grown at the Ottawa Research Station (ORS), Ottawa, Canada. In all experiments, corn yields were not affected by legume species, legume cultivars, and/or planting methods. Corn yields from barley plots receiving 0, 60, or 120 kg N ha−1 did not differ until two years after establishment in one experiment and three years in another. The data from these experiments indicated that soil N was high at the ORS, which may inhibit N2-fixation by forage legumès in the establishment year. Therefore, legume plow down was not beneficial to subsequent crops under these conditions. Two other experiments were conducted to measure the effect of legume plow down on the yield of subsequent barley crops. In both experiments, barley yields in the field were not affected by legume type or legume seeding density. Greenhouse and field data indicated that the two cuts with removal strategy benefitted the most to succeeding crops. Data from the greenhouse test indicated that soil N levels were not low in the establishment year, and that some cultivars improved soil fertility more than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374622
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of feeding maize husk and leucaena mixed or separately on the voluntary intake of the husk (1993)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 24 (1993), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: intake ; maize ; husk ; leucaena ; goats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of feeding maize (Zea mays L.) husk and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as a mixture or separately on the voluntary intake of maize husk was studied over a 40-day period. Ten male goats with an average weight of 15 kg were used. The maize husk intake and total dry matter intake for the two feeding methods was about the same. Thus, total dry matter intake was not affected (P〈0.05) by the feeding method. There was also no significant difference (P〈0.05) between the two feeding methods in the digestibility values. The data were considered to indicate that there were no significant differences in the intake of maize husk when fed in a mixture with leucaena or when offered separately but at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705626
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