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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 447-461 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemokinesis ; orthokinesis ; klinokinesis ; polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence is presented to show that klinokinesis, which was previously demonstrated in bacteria and amoeba only, may also occur in metazoan cells. The chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) elicited orthokinetic and klinokinetic responses of human blood-borne polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) under the test conditions used. Increased speed (orthokinesis) was due to an increase in the proportion of migrating cells as well as in the speed of the locomoting subset. The klinokinetic effect was manifested by a decrease in the klinolocomotion index, the mean angle of changes in direction ≥ 90°, and the frequency of turns ≥ 90°. The klinolocomotion index was inversely related to speed. This explains the synergistic effect of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in this system. Colchicine alone had and orthokinetic effect which was exclusively due to alterations in the proportion of migrating cells and it altered the turning behaviour without exerting a klinokinetic effect. However, colchicine had marginal orthokinetic and klinokinetic effects on fMLP-stimulated cells resulting in reduced translocation. The relationship between klinokinesis and mean angle or frequency of turns has been analysed. Klinokinesis was a substantial though not the major element of the chemokinetic response to fMLP under the conditions used. No other metazoan cells have been shown to possess such a complete pattern of responses, including orthokinesis, klinokinesis, and chemotaxis, which regulate locomotion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 10-18 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; blebs ; locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colchicine-induced stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotion is an interesting model because extension of blebs at the front occurs at a rate (about 2.4 μm/s) which is far above that reported for growth of actin filaments. The following cytoskeletal changes were observed in colchicine-treated PMNs: (1)a small increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin was noted, as well as a somewhate more pronounced increase in cytoskeleton-associated α-actinin, as compared with untreated or DMSO-treated controls. There was, however, no measurable increase in F-actin as determined by NBD-phallacidin blinding; (2)the values for the ratio (α-actinin/actin) are lower in PMNs treated with colchicine for 30 min, as compared with PMNs stimulated with fNLPNTL for 1 minute (non-polar ruffling cells) or 30 min (polarized locomoting cells); thus, this ratio may depend on the type of PMN motility; (3) in polarized PMNs F-actin was mainly located linearly all along the cell membrane; there was more intense staining at the front of the cells; (4) α-actining appeared to colocalize with F-actin at the leading front, but not with F-actin at the tail of polarized cells; (5) myosin was preferentially found at the rear part of polarized cells but not or only to a small extent at the front. Our data indicate a close functional correlation between microtubules and microfilaments. We speculate that F-actin in combination with α-actinin promotes expansion of pseudopods, whereas myosin combined with F-actin promotes contraction. In more general terms we suggest that different forms of PMN motility are generated by differential selective interaction of cytoskeletal compnents and variations in the composition of the cytoskeleton in different sites of the same cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 47-60 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neutrophil granulocytes ; motility ; locomotion ; cell-shape ; cell-substratum adhesion ; f-Met-Leu-Phe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Activation of the motile apparatus by chemokinetic factors cannot be reliably assessed in cells that are attached to a solid substratum because motility can be totally abolished by excessive adhesion. It is however, necesary to quantify the activation of the motile apparatus in order to analyze and understand chemokinetic responses.It was the purpose of the present work to establish morphological criteria that can be used to quantify motility in nonadherent (floating) neutrophils and to predict the locomotor response under conditions of limited adhesion. The proportion of neutrophils performing crawling-like movements (polarized cells) in suspension correlates very closely with stimulated locomotion at low to optimal concentration of f-Met-Leu-Phe, ie, under conditions of limited adhesion. Reduced locomotion at supraoptimal concentrations of f-Met-Leu-Phe has also morphological correlates. The major feature is the decrease in the proportion of neutrophils performing crawling-like movements and the corresponding appearance of cells that are motile but not polarized in suspension and that do not locomote on the substratum. Concentration-dependent changes in neutrophil length and in the proportion of polarized neutrophils with and without tail were also observed. The locomotor potential of neutrophils under conditions of limited contact with the substratum can be predicted on the basis of their motile behavior, in particular the proportion of cells showing crawling-like movements, in suspension. In combination with measurements of adhesion the procedure should permit a more complete analysis of the regulation of chemokinetic responses.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 272 (1953), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die RAMAN-Spektren von Trimethyl-, Tri-dimethylamino-, Trimethoxy-, Trichlor-boroxol und von B-Trimethylborazol mitgeteilt. Die Diskussion der spektralen Daten erbringt in Anlehnung an die gut untersuchten Spektren von 1,3,5-trisubstituierten Benzolen den sicheren Nachweis für einen ebenen Sechsring B3O3 in allen Boroxolverbindungen. Dieser liegt nach dem RAMAN-Spektrum auch im Dibortrioxyd vor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 408 (1974), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About Ag6(SO4)(SiO4)Hitherto unknown Ag6(SO4)(SiO4) has been prepared at 400-500°C under an oxygen pressure more than 1000 atm. By single crystal X-ray work the structure of tetragonal Ag6(SO4)(SiO4) has been elucidated: a = 7.060, c = 17.660 Å; D4h19-141/amd; Z = 4. The crystal structure shows a new type in which the tetrahedrally sulfat- and silicat groups are definite distinguishable. As well the both crystallographic silver positions show a different crystal-chemical character.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde Ag6(SO4)(SiO4) bei 400-500°C unter einem Sauerstoffdruck größer als 1000 atm. Nach röntgenographischen Untersuchungen der rubinroten Einkristalle kristallisiert die Verbindung tetragonal: a = 7,060, c = 17,660 Å; D4h19-141/amd; Z = 4. Die Kristallstruktur von Ag6(SO4)(SiO4) stellt einen neuen Strukturtyp dar, worin die tetraedrischen Sulfat- und Silicatgruppen deutlich unterscheidbar sind. Ebenso weisen die beiden kristallographischen Silberpositionen verschiedenartige kristallchemische Charaktere auf.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 432 (1977), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Tl3PbCl5Single crystals of the compound Tl3PbCl5 were prepared. Tetragonal symmetry with the lattice parameters a = 844.8 pm, c = 1 491.2 pm was shown by X-ray investigations. Tl3PbCl5 belongs to the space group P41 (No. 76). The crystal structure was solved by MULTAN and refined till R = 0.050. The metal particles are surrounded by seven chloride ions. This polyhedras are connected in a 3-dimensional way. Tl3PbCl5 shows a new structure type, without any constitutional relations to Cs3CoCl5 or (NH4)3ZnCl5.
    Notes: Die Verbindung Tl3PbCl5 wurde in Einkristallen dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht. Die Kristalle zeigen tetragonale Symmetrie mit a = 844,8 pm, c = 1 491,2 pm und sind der Raumgruppe P41 (No. 76) zuzuordnen. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit MULTAN bestimmt und bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,050 verfeinert. Die Thallium- und Bleiteilchen sind von sieben Chloridionen umgeben. Die Koordinationspolyeder sind untereinander dreidimensional verknüpft. Tl3PbCl5 kristallisiert in einem neuen Bautyp, der keinerlei strukturelle Beziehung zu Cs3CoCl5 oder (NH4)3ZnCl5 zeigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystalline Adducts of 7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with Bis(1,2-benzoquinonedioximato)nickel(II) and palladium(II): Synthesis and StructureSolid adducts of stoichiometry Ni(BCD)2 · TCNQ and Pd(BCD)2 · TCNQ were obtained by reacting bis(1,2-benzoquinonedioximato)nickel(II) and palladium(II) with TCNQ. The compound Pd(BCD)2 · TCNQ crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with cell parameters a = 10.251(3) Å, b = 7.843(3) Å, c = 7.328(2) Å, α = 105.54° (3), β = 83.63° (3), γ = 92.28° (3), Z = 1, Dx = 1.72 g · cm-3. The structure was solved by standard Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by the least squares technique to a R-value of 6.4% based on 2230 observed independent reflexions. The structure consists of parallel stacks of alternating TCNQ and Pd(BCD)2 molecules which are planar and electrically neutral. The normals of the molecular planes are inclined with respect to the stacking direction.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von Bis(1,2-benzochinondioximato)-nickel(II), [Ni(BCD)2] und -palladium(II), [Pd(BCD)2] mit TCNQ wurden die kristallinen Addukte Ni(BCD)2 · TCNQ und Pd(BCD)2 ·TCNQ erhalten. Die beiden Verbindungen sind isomorph und kristallisieren in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1. Die Struktur der Palladiumverbindung (a = 10,251(3) Å, b = 7,843(3) Å, c = 7,328(2) Å, α = 105,54°(3), β = 83,63°(3), γ = 92,28° (3), Z = 1, Dx = 1,72 g·cm-3) wurde mittels Patterson- und Fouriersynthesen bestimmt. Die Verfeinerung nach der Methode, der kleinsten Quadrate lieferte mit allen 2 230 beobachteten unabhängigen Reflexen einen R-Wert von 6,4%. Die Struktur besteht aus parallelen Stapeln von sich abwechselnden TCNQ- und Pd(BCD)2-Molekülen, die eben und ungeladen sind. Die Normalen der Molekülebenen sind zur Stapelrichtung geneigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 393 (1972), S. 266-274 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Alkaline Earth Oxoargentates. I. Strontiumargentate SrAg6O4Single crystals of SrAg6O4 were prepared at 400-500°C and 4000 atm. O2-pressure. The X-ray investigation of the single crystals shows the orthorhombic space group D2h6-Pnna (a = 6.518, b = 12.416, c = 8.909 Å). Sr2+ is octahedral and most of the Ag+ surrounded by weakly angled dumbbells of oxygen. In addition of these configurations metallic regions were found.
    Notes: Einkristalle von SrAg6O4 wurden 400-500°C und 4000 atm O2-Druck dargestellt. Eine Röntgenuntersuchung dieser Einkristalle ergibt die Raumgruppe D2h6-Pnna (a = 6,518, b = 12,416, c = 8,909 Å). Sr2+ ist oktaedrisch und das meiste Ag+ durch schwach gewinkelte Hanteln von Sauerstoff umgeben. Daneben wurden metallische Bereiche gefunden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 422 (1976), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Trans-Cs2 [OsBrClF4]The complex Cs2[OsBrClF4] cristallizes tetragonal in space group C4v9-I4mm resp. D4h17-I4/mmm with a = 7.176, c = 8.606 Å, Z = 2. The structure was resolved by x-ray structure analysis. The final R value was 0.039. Osmium is surrounded octahedrally by the halogens. The chloride and bromide particles are trans together. The arrangement of the octahedra is statistically with regard to the z direction.
    Notes: Die Komplexverbindung Cs2[OsBrClF4] kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe C4v9-14mm bzw. D4h17-14/mmm mit a = 7,175, c = 8,606 Å, Z = 2. Die Struktur wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt und bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,039 verfeinert. Die Halogenteilchen umgeben das Osmium oktaedrisch, wobei Chlor und Brom transständig sind. Innerhalb des Kristallverbands erfolgt die Anordnung dieser transständigen Halogene statistisch.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 482 (1981), S. 154-162 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Low-Tl3PbBr5, Preparation and Crystal StructureSingle crystals of the low temperature modification of Tl3PbBr5 were prepared below the upper stability border with 239°C. X-ray investigations yield the following crystallografic data: orthorhombic system, space group P212121, crystal axis a = 15.399, b = 9.063, c = 8.532 Å. The crystal structure is described in relation to the high temperature modification. Conductivity measurements aimed to demonstrate the diffusion of metal ions during phase transition.
    Notes: Die Tieftemperaturmodifikation von Tl3PbBr5 (Tu = 239°C) wurde in Einkristallen dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur ermittelt. Kristallographische Daten: Orthorhombisches Kristallsystem, Raumgruppe P212121, a = 15,399, b = 9,063, c = 8,532 Å. Die Kristallstruktur wird beschrieben und mit dem Aufbau der Hochtemperaturmodifikation verglichen. Mit Leitfähigkeitsmessungen konnte die bei der kristallographischen Umwandlung erforderliche Diffusion nachgewiesen werden. Die Bromidumgebung der Metallionen wird im Zusammenhang mit den Platzwechselvorgängen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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