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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: High potassium ; Ictaform events ; Low calcium ; Low magnesium ; Methysticin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methysticin is one of the constituents of Piper methysticum which possesses anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. Its effects on different in vitro seizure models were tested using extracellular recordings in rat temporal cortex slices containing the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Elevating [K+]o0 induced seizure-like events with tonic and clonic electrographic phases in area CA1. Lowering [Ca2+]0 caused recurrent seizure like episodes with large negative field potential shifts. Lowering Mg2+ induced short recurrent discharges in area CA3 and CA1 while ictaform events lasting for many seconds were induced in the subiculum, entorhinal and temporal neocortex. In the hippocampus the activity stayed stable over a number of hours. In contrast, the ictaform events in the subiculum, entorhinal and temporal cortex changed their characteristics after one to two hours to late recurrent discharges. In a concentration-range from 10 to 100 μM methysticin reversibly blocked all these types of epileptiform activity. Decreases in [Ca2+]0 and associated slow field potentials evoked by repetitive stimulation of the stratum radiatum or the alveus remained almost unaffected by methysticin. A paired pulse stimulus paradigm used to test for effects of methysticin on synaptically evoked transient field potentials in normal medium revealed interference with mechanisms involved in frequency potentiation. While responses to alvear stimulation were largely unaffected, the responses to a paired pulse stimulus to stratum radiatum were depressed over the whole range of tested stimulus intervals. The findings suggest that methysticin has effects on different patterns of epileptiform activity possibly by interfering with processes responsible for frequency potentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words High potassium ; Ictaform events ; Low calcium ; Low magnesium ; Methysticin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Methysticin is one of the constituents of Piper methysticum which possesses anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. Its effects on different in vitro seizure models were tested using extracellular recordings in rat temporal cortex slices containing the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Elevating [K+]0 induced seizure-like events with tonic and clonic electrographic phases in area CA1. Lowering [Ca2+]0 caused recurrent seizure like episodes with large negative field potential shifts. Lowering Mg2+ induced short recurrent discharges in area CA3 and CA1 while ictaform events lasting for many seconds were induced in the subiculum, entorhinal and temporal neocortex. In the hippocampus the activity stayed stable over a number of hours. In contrast, the ictaform events in the subiculum, entorhinal and temporal cortex changed their characteristics after one to two hours to late recurrent discharges. In a concentration-range from 10 to 100 μM methysticin reversibly blocked all these types of epileptiform activity. Decreases in [Ca2+]0 and associated slow field potentials evoked by repetitive stimulation of the stratum radiatum or the alveus remained almost unaffected by methysticin. A paired pulse stimulus paradigm used to test for effects of methysticin on synaptically evoked transient field potentials in normal medium revealed interference with mechanisms involved in frequency potentiation. While responses to alvear stimulation were largely unaffected, the responses to a paired pulse stimulus to stratum radiatum were depressed over the whole range of tested stimulus intervals. The findings suggest that methysticin has effects on different patterns of epileptiform activity possibly by interfering with processes responsible for frequency potentiation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 402 (1973), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of BaMnS2The compound BaMnS2 can be synthesized by heating an equivalent mixture of BaCO3 and Mn under a current of H2S at 1000°C. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. BaMnS2 is orthorhombic, D2h16-Pnma, a = 7.000, b = 4.144, c = 14.00 Å, z = 4. MnS4 tetrahedra linked by corners form waved layers, which are connected by barium ions. BaMnS2 has the same type of structure as the oxide SrZnO2. In the series of tetrahedral structures AxByCz in which A corresponds to an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal and B to a transition metal, BaMnS2 is the first known example for a sulfide which is isostructural with an oxide.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von BaCO3 mit Mn im H2S-Strom bei 1000°C konnte BaMnS2 rein erhalten werden. Die Kristallstruktur wurde über röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. Raumgruppe: D2h16-Pnma. Elementarzelle: a = 7,000 Å, b = 4,144 Å, c = 14,00 Å, sie enthält 4 Formeleinheiten. Die Manganatome sind tetraedrisch von Schwefelatomen umgeben. Durch Eckenverknüpfungen der Tetraeder werden gewellte Schichten ausgebildet, die über die Bariumatome zusammengehalten werden. BaMnS2 entspricht in seinem Aufbau dem SrZnO2 und ist damit aus der Reihe der Tetraedergerüststrukturen AxByCz, in denen A für ein Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetall und B für ein Nebengruppenmetall stehen, das erste Beispiel für ein Sulfid, das mit einem Oxid isotyp ist.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure of Na2PtH4, a Ternary Hydride with Square Planar PtH42- GroupsThe red violet hydride Na2PtH4 is synthesized by the reaction of sodium hydride with platinum in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature between 280°C and 310°C. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments (Na2PtD4) on powdered samples. Na2PtH4 crystallizes in a new structure type (a = 5.274(2), c = 6.788(3) Å; space group I4/mmm; Z = 2), which is characterized by planar, diamagnetic PtH42- anions. Structural relations and relative stabilities of the Na2PtH4 and the K2PtCl4 structure type are to be discussed.
    Notes: Aus NaH und metallischem Pt entsteht unter H2 (280-310°C) rotviolettes Na2PtH4. Röntgen- und Neutronenbeugung (Na2PtD4) an Pulverproben zeigen, daß Na2PtH4 in einem bisher unbekannten tetragonalen Strukturtyp (a = 5,274(2), c = 6,788(3) Å; Raumgruppe I4/mmm; Z = 2) kristallisiert. Charakteristisch sind planare, diamagnetische [PtH4]2--Anionen. Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen und relative Stabilitäten des Na2PtH4-und des K2PtCl4-Strukturtyps werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 525 (1985), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkali Metal Rhenium Sulphides and Selenides Containing [Re6X8] ClustersThe sulphides Rb4Re6S13 and Rb2K2Re6S13 were synthesized by the reaction of alkali metal carbonates with rhenium in a stream of H2S at 800°C. The preparation of the selenides Cs4Re6Se13,-Rb4Re6Se12, and K4Re6Se12 succeeded when a hydrogen atmosphere charged with selenium was used. By combining both reaction methods we obtained mixed crystals of the composition Cs4Re6S9.45Se3.55.Structural investigations on single crystals revealed atomic arrangements in which [Re6X8] clusters are linked threedimensionally by X and X2 bridges. In the A4Re6X12-type a {[Re6X8]X4/2(X2)2/2}4- framework is found whereas the corresponding notation for the A4Re6X12-type is {[Re6X8]X2/2(X2)4/2}4-. The dependence of the respective type of framework on the size of the alkali metal ions will be discussed.The diamagnetic behaviour, which was measured in the temperature range between 3.8 and 300 K corresponds with the existence of nearly regular Re6-octahedra with a 24-electron configuration.
    Notes: Die Sulfide Rb4Re6S13 und Rb2K2Re6S13 wurden durch Umsetzungen von Alkalimetallcarbonaten mit Rhenium im Schwefelwasserstoffstrom bei 800°C erhalten. Die Selenide Cs4Re6Se13, Rb4Re6Se12 und K4Re6Se12 entstehen, wenn bei entsprechender Reaktionsführung ein mit Selen beladener Wasserstoffstrom eingesetzt wurde. Durch Kombination beider Verfahren erhielten wir Mischkristalle der Zusammensetzung Cs4Re6S9,45Se3,55.Strukturuntersuchungen an Einkristallen führten zu Atomanordnungen, in denen [Re6X8]-Baueinheiten über X- und X2-Brücken zu dreidimensionalen Gerüststrukturen verknüpft sind. Im A4Re6X12-Typ liegt ein {[Re6X8]X4/2(X2)2/2}4--, im A4Re6X13-Typ ein {[Re6X8]X2/2(X2)4/2}4--Gerüst vor. Die Abhängigkeit des jeweils gebildeten Gerüststrukturtyps von der Größe der eingelagerten Alkalimetallionen wird diskutiert.Der im Temperaturbereich zwischen 3,8 und 300 K gemessene Diamagnetismus stimmt mit der Annahme einer 24-Elektronenkonfiguration nahezu regulärer Re6-Oktaeder überein.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cs4Re6S13 and Cs4Re6S13.5  -  Two Compounds with [Re6S8] Clusters Slightly Differing as to their Framework StructuresCs4Re6S13 was synthesized by the reaction of cesium carbonate with rhenium at 800°C in an argon atmosphere charged with sulphur. The preparation of Cs4Re6S13.5 succeeded by an analogous procedure using a stream of H2S.Structural investigations on single crystals revealed atomic arrangements in which [Re6S8] clusters are linked threedimensionally by Sn2- bridges. In the compound Cs4Re6S13 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\buildrel \wedge \over =$\end{document} Cs4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)4/2 the rhenium atoms of adjacent Re6-octahedra are connected by sulphide and disulphide bridges in a ratio of 1:2. In the compound Cs4Re6S13.5 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\buildrel \wedge \over =$\end{document} Cs4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)3/2(S3)1/2 one disulphide bridge is replaced by one trisulphide bridge.The nearly regular Re6-octahedra correspond with a diamagnetic 24-electron configuration.
    Notes: Cs4Re6S13 wurde durch Umsetzung von Caesiumcarbonat mit Rhenium in einem mit Schwefel beladenen Argonstrom bei 800°C erhalten. Cs4Re6S13,5 konnte nach einem analogen Verfahren im Schwefelwasserstoffstrom synthetisiert werden.Strukturuntersuchungen an Einkristallen führten zu Atomanordnungen, in denen [Re6S8]-Baueinheiten über Sn2--Brücken dreidimensional zu Gerüststrukturen verknüpft sind. Im Cs4Re6S13 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\buildrel \wedge \over =$\end{document} Cs4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)4/2 werden die Rheniumatome benachbarter Re6-Oktaeder über Sulfid- und Disulfidbrücken im Verhältnis 1:2 miteinander verbunden, im Cs4Re6S13,5 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\buildrel \wedge \over =$\end{document} Cs4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)3/2(S3)1/2 ist eine Disulfidbrücke durch eine Trisulfidbrücke ersetzt.Die nahezu regulären Re6-Oktaeder sind in Übereinstimmung mit dem unmagnetischen 24-Valenzelektronenzustand.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 2015-2020 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cluster compounds ; technetium ; rhenium ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isolated [M6S14] Units in Ternary Sulfides of Technetium and RheniumWe have successfully prepared the ternary sulfides Rb10Tc6S14, Cs10Tc6S14, Rb10Re6S14, and Cs10Re6S14 by heating alkali carbonate with elemental technetium or rhenium in a hydrogen stream charged with sulfur.Structural investigations on single crystals revealed that these compounds crystallize in the space group Fm3m. [M6S14] cluster units (M \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \hat = $\end{document} Tc, Re) are found as the characteristic structural features, in which regular M6 octahedra are coordinated by sulfur atoms over their eight faces and six vertices. Other than in the case of the previously investigated ternary technetium and rhenium chalcogenides, these units are not linked to one another, but occur as isolated complex anions which form a cubic close packed array. The alkali ions, whose sites are partly statistically occupied, are found on the corners, the edges and the longer face diagonals of a rhombic dodecahedron surrounding each of these units. The dodecahedra share all their faces with one another.The diamagnetic behaviour which was measured on Cs10Tc6S14 in the temperature range from 10 to 295 K is in accordance with a 24-electron-configuration of the regular M6 octahedra.
    Notes: Durch Schmelzreaktionen von Alkalicarbonat mit elementarem Technetium oder Rhenium in einem mit Schwefel beladenen Wasserstoffstrom gelang die Darstellung der ternären Sulfide Rb10Tc6S14, Cs10Tc6S14, Rb10Re6S14 und Cs10Re6S14.Strukturuntersuchungen an Einkristallen ergaben, daß diese Verbindungen isotyp in der Raumgruppe Fm3m kristallisieren. Als charakteristische Strukturelemente treten [M6S14]-Baueinheiten (M \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \hat = $\end{document} Tc, Re) auf, in denen die unverzerrten M6-Oktaeder über den acht Flächen und sechs Ecken von Schwefelatomen koordiniert sind. Diese Einheiten sind, anders als bei den bisher untersuchten ternären Technetium- und Rheniumchalcogeniden, nicht untereinander verknüpft, sondern liegen als isolierte komplexe Anionen vor, die sich entsprechend einer kubisch dichten Kugelpackung anordnen. Die Alkalimetallionen befinden sich mit teilweise statistischer Besetzung ihrer Punktlagen auf den Ecken, den Kanten und den längeren Flächendiagonalen eines jede dieser Einheiten umgebenden Rhombendodekaeders. Die Dodekaeder sind untereinander allseitig flächenverknüpft.Der an Cs10Tc6S14 im Temperaturbereich zwischen 10 und 295 K gemessene Diamagnetismus stimmt mit der Annahme einer 24-Elektronenkonfiguration der regulären M6-Oktaeder überein.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary cobalt sulphides ; preparation ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Type of Ternary Cobalt Sulphide, A9Co2S7 (A \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \buildrel \wedge \over = $\end{document} K, Rb or Cs), containing Trigonal-Planar [CoS3] Units of Two- and Three-Valent CobaltThe passage of a stream of hydrogen over an alkali carbonate/cobalt/sulphur melt resulted in the preparation of the compounds K9Co2S7, Rb9Co2S7 and Cs9Co2S7. The structure of the potassium compound (Space group P213, Z = 4) could be determined from X-ray diffraction experiments on single crystals whilst X-ray investigations of powdered samples of the rubidium and caesium compounds indicate isotypic atomic arrangements with K9Co2S7. The characteristic structural elements of these compounds are trigonal-planar [CoS3]-units of two- and three-valent cobalt. The results from investigations of the magnetic properties of these ternary cobalt sulphides are in agreement with those expected for mixed-valent CoII/CoIII structures. The analogously-composed ferrates are closely structurally-related to these sulphides and show corresponding magnetic properties [1].
    Notes: Durch Schmelzreaktionen von Alkalicarbonat mit Cobalt und Schwefel im Wasserstoffstrom gelang die Darstellung der Verbindungen K9Co2S7, Rb9Co2S7 und Cs9Co2S7. Die Struktur der Kaliumverbindung konnte über röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen bestimmt werden (Raumgruppe P213, Z = 4). Untersuchungen an pulverförmigen Proben lassen für die Rubidium- und die Cäsiumverbindung isotype Atomanordnungen erkennen. Als charakteristische Strukturelemente treten trigonal planare [CoS3]-Baugruppen des zwei- und dreiwertigen Cobalts auf. Untersuchungen zum Magnetismus sind in Übereinstimmung mit der Annahme eines gemischtvalenten Aufbaus, der auch bei den analog zusammengesetzten, in einem eng verwandten Strukturtyp kristallisierenden Ferraten auftritt [1].
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali metal chromium chalcogenides ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Alkali Metal Chromium Chalcogenides and their Structural ClassificationThe compounds RbCr3S5, K3Cr11S18, RbCr5Se8 and CsCr5Se8 could be obtained in the form of wellshaped crystals via fusion reactions of the alkali metal carbonates with chromium and the corresponding chalcogen. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space groups C2/m (RbCr3S5: a = 19.372(3) Å, b = 3.498(1) Å, c = 12.119(2) Å, β = 122.78(1)°, Z = 4; K3Cr11S18: a = 41.876(3) Å, b = 3.463(1) Å, c = 16.315(3) Å, β = 150.07(1)°, Z = 2; RbCr5Se8: a = 18.737(2) Å, b = 3.623(1) Å; c = 9.016(1) Å, β = 104.65(1)°, Z = 2; CsCr5Se8: a = 18.795(2) Å, b = 3.637(1) Å, c = 9.104(1) Å, β = 104.52(1)°, Z = 2).We propose a structure classification from group-subgroup-relations.MAPLE calculations reveal that the reactions of the binary chalcogenides to yield the ternary compounds are exothermic in each case and are dependent on the chromium/alkali metal ratio in the ternary chalcogenides.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzungen der Alkalimetallcarbonate mit Chrom und dem entsprechenden Chalkogen in der Schmelze konnten die Verbindungen RbCr3S5, K3Cr11S18, RbCr5Se8 und CsCr5Se8 als gut ausgebildete Kristalle erhalten werden. Die Verbindungen kristallisieren monoklin im Raumgruppentyp C2/m (RbCr3S5: a = 19,372(3) Å, b = 3,498(1) Å, c = 12,119(2) Å, β = 122,78(1)°, Z = 4; K3Cr11S18: a = 41,876(3) Å, b = 3,463(1) Å, c = 16,315(3) Å, β = 150,07(1)°, Z = 2; RbCr5Se8: a = 18,737(2) Å, b = 3,623(1) Å; c = 9,016(1) Å, β = 104,65(1)°, Z = 2; CsCr5Se8: a = 18,795(2) Å, b = 3,637(1) Å, c = 9,104(1) Å, β = 104,52(1)°, Z = 2).Über Gruppe-Untergruppe-Beziehungen wird eine Struktursystematik vorgeschlagen.MAPLE-Rechnungen zeigen, daß die Reaktionen der binären Chalkogenide zu den ternären Verbindungen jeweils exotherm sind und vom Verhältnis Chrom/Alkalimetall in den ternären Chalkogeniden abhängen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 627-629 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary metal selenides ; crystal structure ; MAPLE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Rb2Ni3Se4The compound Rb2Ni3Se4 was synthesized by heating a mixture of rubidium carbonate, nickel and selenium at 850°C in an atmosphere of hydrogen. The compound has a golden lustre and crystallizes with the K2Pd3S4-type structure; a = 10.555(3) Å, b = 27.588(6) Å, c = 6.031(6) Å, Z = 8, Fddd (No. 70).The structure can be described as a stacking of layers of the composition Rb2Ni3Se4 with a stacking sequence abcd. The electrostatic part of lattice energy (MAPLE) will be discussed for compounds of the compositions A2M3X4 (A K, Rb, Cs; M Ni, Pd, Pt and X S, Se).
    Notes: Die Darstellung von Rb2Ni3Se4 gelang durch Umsetzung von Rubidiumcarbonat, Nickel und Selen in einem Wasserstoffstrom bei 850°C. Die goldfarbig glänzende Verbindung kristallisiert im K2Pd3S4-Typ; a = 10,555(3) Å, b = 27,588(6) Å, c = 6,031(6) Å, Z = 8, Fddd (Nr. 70).Die Struktur läßt sich als Stapelung von Schichten der Zusammensetzung Rb2Ni3Se4 mit der Stapelfolge abcd beschreiben. Der elektrostatische Anteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE) wird für Verbindungen des Typs A2M3X4 (mit A K, Rb, Cs; M Ni, Pd, Pt und X S, Se) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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