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Digitale Medien

Study of ion solvation and ion association in polymer gel electrolyte with polyethylene oxide-co-polypropylene oxide as a plasticizer (1996)

Sun, Xiao Guang ; Li, Bin ; Lin, Yun Qing ; [weitere]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer International 41 (1996), S. 301-305

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ISSN: 0959-8103

Schlagwort(e): gel electrolyte ; polytriethylene glycol dimethacrylate ; ion solvation ; ion association ; molal conductance ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Using a molal conductance method, ion solvation and ion association in polytriethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PTREGD)-LiClO4 gel electrolytes with amorphous ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide (EO-co-PO, M̄n = 1750) as the plasticizer were investigated. It was found that the fraction of solute existing as single ions (αi) and ion pairs (αp) decreases, while that of triple ions (αt) increases linearly with increasing salt concentration. The dependence of these fractions on molecular weight of plasticizer was also examined. It was shown that αi and αt increase and αp decreases with increasing molecular weight. The result of temperature dependence of these fractions was very interesting: when the temperature is lower than 55°C, αi increases while αp and αt decrease with increasing temperature; however, when the temperature is higher than 55°C, the reverse is true.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1996.210410312

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Digitale Medien

S-phase determination of immunoselected cytokeratin-containing breast cancer cells improves the prediction of recurrence (1994)

Wingren, Sten ; Stål, Olle ; Carstensen, John ; [weitere]

Springer

Breast cancer research and treatment 29 (1994), S. 179-187

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ISSN: 1573-7217

Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; CAM 5.2 antibody ; cytokeratin ; flow cytometry ; prognosis ; S-phase fraction

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Summary Estimation of S-phase fraction in breast carcinomas with single parameter flow cytometry may include errors due to dilution of cancer cells by host cells. Use of tissue specific markers may to some extent correct for the effect of dilution. S-phase fraction was estimated by flow cytometry with and without immunoselection in 80 DNA-euploid breast carcinomas in stage I-II. The tumor tissue was mechanically disintegrated and fixed in ethanol. A primary antibody, specific for cytokeratins 8 and 18, was added before incubation with the secondary FITC-conjugated antibody. S-phase fraction was calculated for both the gated (cytokeratin-positive) and the ungated cell population. An increasing proportion of tetraploid cells compared to diploid cells was found when the immunoselection method was used. The gated population tended to have a higher S-phase fraction than the ungated population. In univariate analysis S-phase fraction estimated from both ungated and gated cell populations yielded significant information for predicting recurrence when stratified for tumor size and nodal status. In bivariate analysis S-phase fraction of the gated population contributed prognostic information in addition to S-phase fraction of the ungated population when both variables were included in the analysis. Our conclusion is that S-phase fraction calculated from cytokeratin-positive cells provides prognostic information in addition to ungated S-phase values in DNA euploid breast carcinomas.