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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of apatite films by laser ablation: Reduction of the droplet areal density (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1803-1808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pulsed laser deposition of calcium phosphate (apatite) thin films using targets with different optical absorptivities has been studied. It was found that the surface morphology of the grown films greatly depends on the target optical properties, the higher the optical absorption coefficient a, the lower the droplet density on the surface of the deposited films. The temperature profiles inside the different targets during the action of a laser pulse were obtained by numerically solving the heat diffusion equation. These simulations indicated for the low a value targets a large volume heating with the formation of a thick layer of melted material, and the occurrence of a sub-surface superheating effect once the evaporation began. For higher a value targets, the temperature profiles corresponded to the surface heating case, where the evaporation process began at earlier times and was restricted to the outermost surface region. Time- and space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy investigations showed that there was a significant increase of electron density and temperature for the plasmas formed from targets having higher a values, in agreement with the temperature profile estimations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362991
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly textured PbTiO3 thin films through a sol-gel process (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: PbTiO3 thin films have been deposited by a sol-gel method onto various crystalline substrates and their texture has been investigated. The perovskite phase crystallizes directly from an amorphous mixture above 350 °C. Films have preferential orientation along the (001) axis on (100) MgO, are strongly oriented along both the (110) and (101) axis on (1102) sapphire, and along the (001) axis on (100) SrTiO3. High texturing is only observed on this last substrate as evidenced by rocking curves and channeling effects in Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The origin of the strain observed along the c axis is also discussed. The thickness of the films has a strong effect on the texturing. Thin films crystallize as well textured, whereas orientation appears in thick films only after heating at high temperatures. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359049
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thick films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O by solution processes (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6382-6387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have prepared superconducting thick films of the Bi-based and the Tl-based cuprates via the decomposition of aqueous-glycerol solutions containing the salts of the elements. Preliminary results are presented in this work. The substrates are coated prior to heat treating, either by dipping or by spraying on various substrates heated at 200 °C. Short firing times are required in order to minimize the loss of the constituent Bi (Tl). We find that nitrates of the constituents dissolved in a water-glycerol solution increase the reaction rate in comparison to pure nitrate aqueous solutions. They also help to produce the correct superconducting phase before some reaction with the substrate occurs or too much of the constituent Bi (Tl) is lost during heating to form the superconducting phase. However, the thallium phases cannot be obtained if the films are not fired in the presence of a high pressure of thallium in a sealed capsule. The films are composed of platelets, a few microns large, that are on average oriented parallel to the substrate with their c axis normal. The Bi films show an onset temperature at 85 K and zero resistance at 75 K while the Tl films show an onset temperature of 105 K and zero resistance at 95 K. The critical currents obtained to date are quite low (∼50 A/cm2 at 77 K for the thallium phase).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342075
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulk and thick films of the superconducting phase YBa2Cu3O7−y made by controlled precipitation and sol-gel processes (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 2725-2729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of high-temperature superconducting oxides using solution chemistry has been investigated and physical properties are compared to ceramics obtained by conventional solid-state reactions. We report on controlled precipitation and sol-gel processes, both of which produce materials with particle sizes smaller than 5 μm. We find that the superconducting properties of the high Tc ceramics are affected by their manner of preparation, such that the transitions are slightly lower in temperature, but sharper, for samples made by solution rather than solid-state chemistry. The ability to prepare stable viscous gels provides an opportunity for obtaining large areas of superconducting coatings. For thick films on alumina or silicon substrates, contamination from the substrate is shown to be a problem. Finally, we observe that the sol-gel process lowers the synthesis temperature by 100 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340967
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological study of a gel-forming precursor for superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 700-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rheological measurements are used to monitor the sol-gel behavior of a superconducting precursor. A precursor made with an aged yttrium component [Y(OH)3] has a much higher elastic modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*) but the same loss modulus (G‘) compared to that made with a fresher yttrium solution. The G‘/G' ratio is less than unity for the older solution but greater than 1 for the fresher sample, indicating that the former solution has a more gel-like character. The high viscosity sample gives better fired thick-film superconducting properties but has a shorter shelf life. Measurements on yttrium components of different age show differences in viscosity and G‘/G' which correlate with the behavior of the oxide precursors. Reshearing the precursor solution at any stage during its gelation process can cause irreversible changes in the gel structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100645
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature preparation of high Tc superconducting thin films (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 754-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin superconducting films of Y-Ba-Cu-O were prepared at 650 °C using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The as-deposited films were fully superconducting at low temperature (30 K). After annealing in oxygen at 450 °C for 3 h, the films exhibited superconductivity with zero resistance at temperatures as high as 83 K. Film-substrate interface reaction was minimal as revealed by Rutherford backscattering and Auger electron spectrometry. These films processed at such low temperatures are also found to have excellent planar surface morphology and high critical current density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical characterization of surface and interface oxygen content in YBa2Cu3Ox (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2333-2335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Because YBa2Cu3Ox exists over a range of oxygen content and low oxygen material is nonsuperconducting, it is important to be able to measure and control this parameter for application purposes. We present an optical technique for determining oxygen loss at surfaces and interfaces, where processing and contacts with other materials may affect composition and where usual techniques are insensitive. Using a strong absorption feature at 4.1 eV which appears at low oxygen composition, we find that overlayers of Al and In remove oxygen from YBa2Cu3Ox, but Ag, Au, and room-temperature exposure to moderate vacuum do not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth high Tc Y1Ba2Cu3Ox films by laser deposition at 650 °C (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 517-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox films 300 nm thick with local surface roughness 〈5 nm have been prepared by laser deposition at 650 °C and subsequent heat treatments at 450 °C; highest zero resistance temperature was above 85 K. Smooth topography and low-temperature processing are crucial for device fabrication. These films are crack-free and density of particles with 〉1 μm diameter was 〈10/cm2. We suggest that an effective increase in surface temperature and deposition directly in the orthorhombic phase contributes to film quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100622
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed ionic conductivities in sodium fluoroapatites
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Ionics 67 (1993), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2738
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2738(93)90319-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New non-superconducting layered Bi-oxide phases of formula Bi"2M"3Co"2O"y containing Co instead of Cu
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 71 (1989), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(89)91813-9
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