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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical characteristics of short pulse gated microchannel plate detectors : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5072-5074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Gating of microchannel plates (MCPs) can produce shutter times of less than 40 ps. This is accomplished with high-fidelity electronic circuitry and short pulse (sub 80 ps) high-amplitude electronic drivers. Measurements have shown that the fidelity of the electrical circuitry is one of the limiting factors in producing shorter x-ray gating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143495
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new multichannel soft x-ray framing camera for fusion experiments : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5124-5126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional, time resolved x-ray imaging is a principal technique used to study hot plasmas produced in laser heated targets. It can be used to study laser energy deposition within the irradiation spot, the spatial and temporal dependence of laser to x-ray conversion efficiency, electron transport and density profiles, mass ablation rates as well as x-ray driven implosions in inertial confinement fusion experiments. We have successfully developed a new soft x-ray framing camera which will allow us to record two-dimensional images at different times almost simultaneously. It is a broadband diagnostic (100 eV≤Δhν≤400 eV) having three channels which can obtain x-ray images at four different times from laser driven targets. Its current configuration includes one 500 eV, one 1.0 keV, and one ∼2.5 keV channels. The two low energy channels resulted from pairing transmission filters to grazing x-ray mirrors. Other channel options can be implemented easily to measure other x-ray energies. Four different striplines coated on a microchannel plate are gated at different times. Each strip records three different images taken nearly simultaneously, one image per channel. The result is 12 x-ray images on film, four images per channel taken at four different times, with a nominal resolution of approximately 100 ps per image. The diagnostic's spatial resolution is approximately 10 μm. We have already fielded this new instrument during x-ray conversion experiments, using both low and high Z targets driven by 1–2 ns, "flattop'' laser pulses. We will show the details of the instrument design and sample results from conversion experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143460
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed gated x-ray imaging for ICF target experiments (invited) : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4813-4817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the use of gated microchannel-plate detectors as high-speed framing cameras in laser-driven inertial-confinement-fusion experiments. Using an array of pinholes to image the target, detectors capable of generating up to 16 individual frames with ∼90 ps resolution on a single laser shot are now in routine use. The detectors have been used to study the development of intentionally applied perturbations in laser-driven targets. In off-line tests new detectors have demonstrated time resolutions better than 40 ps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143571
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and characterization of a single-line-of-sight framing camera : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 694-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present initial characterization data from a new single-line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray framing camera. The instrument uses an image-dissecting structure inside an electron optic tube to produce up to four simultaneous dc images from a single image incident on the cathode and a microchannel plate-based device to provide the temporal gating of those images. A series of gated images have been obtained using a short-pulse UV laser source, and the spatial resolution of those images is compared to those obtained using a more traditional-microchannel plate based system. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318254
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    National Ignition Facility core x-ray streak camera : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 748-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The National Ignition Facility (NIF) core x-ray streak camera will be used for laser performance verification experiments as well as a wide range of physics experiments in the areas of high-energy-density science, inertial confinement fusion, and basic science. The x-ray streak camera system is being designed to record time-dependent x-ray emission from NIF targets using an interchangeable family of snouts for measurements such as one-dimensional (1D) spatial imaging or spectroscopy. the NIF core x-ray streak camera will consist of an x-ray-sensitive photocathode that detects x rays with 1D spatial resolution coupled to an electron streak tube to detect a continuous time history of the x rays incident on the photocathode over selected time periods. A charge-coupled-device (CCD) readout will record the signal from the streak tube. The streak tube, CCD, and associated electronics will reside in an electromagnetic interference, and electromagnetic pulse protected, hermetically sealed, temperature-controlled box whose internal pressure is approximately 1 atm. The streak tube itself will penetrate through the wall of the box into the target chamber vacuum. We are working with a goal of a spatial resolution of 15 lp/mm with 50% contrast transfer function at the photocathode and adjustment sweep intervals of 1–50 ns. The camera spectral sensitivity extends from soft x rays to 20 keV x rays, with varying quantum efficiency based on photocathode selection. The system will have remote control, monitoring, and Ethernet communications through an embedded controller. The core streak camera will be compatible with the instrument manipulators at the OMEGA (University of Rochester) and NIF facilities. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318262
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an x-ray framing camera utilizing a charge coupled device or film as recording media (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4054-4060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact charge coupled device (CCD) camera system has been designed and characterized for use in the six inch manipulator (SIM) at the Nova laser facility. The camera system has been designed to directly replace the 35 mm film packages currently used in SIM-based x-ray imaging diagnostics. The unit's electronic package has been constructed for small size and high thermal conductivity which reduces the overall camera size and improves its performance when operated within the vacuum environment of the Nova target chamber. Measurements of the x-ray imager's contrast transfer function (CTF) were made under a variety of operating conditions on a static x-ray Manson source using both the CCD and Kodak T-Max 3200 film as recording media. The CTF data were converted to an equivalent modulation transfer function (MTF). The MTF plots show that the microchannel plate has a uniform response within our measurement accuracy along its strips. In a direction normal to the strip, however, the MTF is reduced due to the slant angle of the pores in the MCP. The measurements show that the CCD camera has a lower MTF response than T-MAX film for all spatial frequencies and configurations measured. However, data obtained from the film exhibited reciprocity failure and border effects that are not observed in the CCD data. Measurements indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio for the CCD data is four to six times larger than that obtained with film and higher photon flux levels were recorded. The CCD-based diagnostic offers immediate access to the data, improved dynamic range, and reduced turnaround time, while eliminating the need for film development, digitization, equipment, and personnel. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149250
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Point projection radiography with the flexible x-ray imager : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 796-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Radiography techniques utilizing large-area x-ray sources (typically ≤7 keV) and pinhole-imaging gated x-ray diagnostics have long been used at the Nova laser facility. However, for targets requiring higher-energy x-ray backlighters (〉9 keV), low conversion efficiencies and pinhole losses combine to make this scheme unworkable. The technique of point projection radiography has been improved upon to make imaging at high x-ray energies feasible. In this scheme a "point" source of x-rays, usually a small diameter (≤25 μm) fiber, is illuminated with a single, 100-ps pulse from the Nova laser. A gated x-ray imager with a 500-ps electronic gate width is used to record the projected image. [K. S. Budil et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 485 (1996).] The experimental challenges this technique presents and experimental results will be discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 627-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray backlighting is a powerful tool for diagnosing a large variety of high-density phenomena. Traditional area backlighting techniques used at Nova and Omega cannot be extended efficiently to National Ignition Facility scale. New, more efficient backlighting sources and techniques are required and have begun to show promising results. These include a backlit-pinhole point-projection technique, pinhole and slit arrays, distributed polychromatic sources, and picket-fence backlighters. In parallel, there have been developments in improving the data signal-to-noise and, hence, quality by switching from film to charge-coupled-device-based recording media and by removing the fixed-pattern noise of microchannel-plate-based cameras. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315641
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blast wave diagnostic for the Petawatt laser system : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 806-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on a diagnostic to measure the trajectory of a blast wave propagating through a plastic target 400 μm thick. This blast wave is generated by the irradiation of the front surface of the target with ∼400 J of 1 μm laser radiation in a 20 ps pulse focused to a ∼50 μm diameter spot, which produces an intensity in excess of 1018 W/cm2. These conditions approximate a point explosion and a blast wave is predicted to be generated with an initial pressure nearing 1 Gbar which decays as it travels approximately radially outward from the interaction region. We have utilized streaked optical pyrometry of the blast front to determine its time of arrival at the rear surface of the target. Applications of a self-similar Taylor–Sedov blast wave solution allows the amount of energy deposited to be estimated. The experiment, LASNEX design simulations and initial results are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149277
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The flexible x-ray imager (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new gated x-ray framing camera has been developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for use at the Nova laser facility. This diagnostic, the flexible x-ray imager, has been designed as a modular unit that can be rapidly reconfigured to change the spectral response, magnification, sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolutions of the instrument. The electrical gate pulse width may be varied from 200 ps to 2 ns depending upon whether the experimental emphasis is on temporal resolution or sensitivity. The long integration times are particularly useful in experiments where motional blurring occurs over even longer time scales. A detailed description of the instrument and its varied uses is presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146616
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