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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of a seasonally specialist bird Zosterops japonica on pollen transfer and reproductive success of Camellia japonica in a temperate area (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Plant species biology 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Camellia japonica is considered to be pollinated by birds, but to date no studies have clarified the contribution of birds to the seed production and reproductive success of this species. We conducted a pollinator exclusion experiment that showed that fruit set was sixfold greater in flowers visited by birds than in flowers without bird visitation. Field observations revealed that most of the visitations made by birds were of the species Zosterops japonica. Furthermore, the level of fruit set was found to be saturated after only five visitations by Z. japonica. These results demonstrate that Z. japonica is the most effective pollinator of C. japonica. Such a strong relationship between a plant and an omnivorous bird pollinator has rarely been reported in a temperate zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00115.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Phylogenetic Position of the Pelobiont Mastigamoeba balamuthi Based on Sequences of rDNA and Translation Elongation Factors EF-1α and EF-2 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 49 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the Pelobionta, an amitochondriate amoeboflagellate group, are not yet completely settled. To provide more information, we obtained sequences for the large subunit rDNA gene, the gene for translation elongation factor la, and for a large part of the gene encoding translation elongation factor 2 from a representative of this group. Mastigamoeba balamuthi (formerly Phreatamoeba balamuthi). The gene for the large subunit rDNA was unusually large compared to those of other protists, a phenomenon that had previously been observed for the gene encoding the small subunit rDNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction using a maximum likelihood method was performed with these sequences, as well as the gene encoding the small subunit rDNA. When evaluated individually, the M. balamuthi genes for the small and large subunit rDNAs and elongation factor 1α had a most recent common ancestor with either the Mycetozoa (slime molds) or with Entamoeba histolytica. A clade formed by M. balamuthi, E. histolytica, and Mycetozoa was not rejected statistically for any of the sequences. A combined maximum likelihood analysis using 3,935 positions from all molecules suggested that these three taxonomic units form a robust clade. We were unable to resolve the closest group to this clade using the combined analysis. These findings support the notion, which had previously been proposed primarily on cytological evidence, that both M. balamuthi and E. histolytica are closely related to the Mycetozoa and that these three together represent a major eukaryotic lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00332.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic Position of Blastocystis hominis and of Stramenopiles Inferred from Multiple Molecular Sequence Data (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 49 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Blastocystis hominis, a parasite of the human intestine, has recently been positioned within Stramenopiles by the small subunit rRNA phylogeny. To further confirm its phylogenetic position using multiple molecular sequence data, we determined the nucleotide sequences putatively encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA, cytosolic-type 70-kDa heat shock protein, translation elongation factor 2, and the non-catalytic ‘B’ subunit of vacuolar ATPase of B. hominis (HE87–1 strain). Moreover, we determined the translation elongation factor 2 sequence of an apicomplexan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, that belongs to alveolates. The maximum likelihood analyses of small subunit rRNA and cytosolic-type 70-kDa heat shock protein clearly demonstrated that B. hominis (HE87–1 strain) is positioned within Stramenopiles, being congruent with the previous small subunit rRNA analysis, including the sequences of B. hominis (Nand strain) and a Blastocystis isolate from guinea pig. Although no clear resolution among major eukaryotic groups was obtained by the individual phytogenies based on the four molecules analyzed here, a combined analysis of various molecules, including these, clearly indicated that Blatocystis/stramenopiles are the closest relatives of alveolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00339.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of hydrogen bond angles in molecular crystals (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 212-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One of us (M.H.)5 has calculated the potential energy function for the bending of the hydrogen bond O-H-O o o o O-H, using the method of CNDO/2, one of the semi-empirical LCAO MO SCF methods which includes all the valence electrons. We intend to show here that the histograms of Kroon and Kanters3 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/254212a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular systematics The platypus put in its place (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 387 (1997), S. 549-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The duck-billed platypus, an egglaying mammal, seems a contradiction in terms — not surprisingly, Richard Owen, a leading nineteenth-century anatomist, refused to believe the first reports from Australia that a platypus in captivity had laid eggs, because the animal is otherwise largely so ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42352
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene transfer to the nucleus and the evolution of chloroplasts (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Photosynthetic eukaryotes, particularly unicellular forms, possess a fossil record that is either wrought with gaps or difficult to interpret, or both. Attempts to reconstruct their evolution have focused on plastid phylogeny, but were limited by the amount and type of phylogenetic information ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/30234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic Position of the Mitochondrion-Lacking Protozoan Trichomonas tenax, Based on Amino Acid Sequences of Elongation Factors 1α and 2 (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 98 -105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Trichomonas tenax— Elongation factor 1α— Elongation factor 2 — Mitochondrion-lacking protozoa — Protein evolution — Phylogenetic tree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Major parts of amino-acid-coding regions of elongation factor (EF)-1α and EF-2 in Trichomonas tenax were amplified by PCR from total genomic DNA and the products were cloned into a plasmid vector, pGEM-T. The three clones from each of the products of the EF-1α and EF-2 were isolated and sequenced. The insert DNAs of the clones containing EF-1α coding regions were each 1,185 bp long with the same nucleotide sequence and contained 53.1% of G + C nucleotides. Those of the clones containing EF-2 coding regions had two different sequences; one was 2,283 bp long and the other was 2,286 bp long, and their G + C contents were 52.5 and 52.9%, respectively. The copy numbers of the EF-1α and EF-2 gene per chromosome were estimated as four and two, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences obtained by the conceptual translation were 395 residues from EF-1α and 761 and 762 residues from the EF-2s. The sequences were aligned with the other eukaryotic and archaebacterial EF-1αs and EF-2s, respectively. The phylogenetic position of T. tenax was inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method using the EF-1α and EF-2 data sets. The EF-1α analysis suggested that three mitochondrion-lacking protozoa, Glugea plecoglossi, Giardia lamblia, and T. tenax, respectively, diverge in this order in the very early phase of eukaryotic evolution. The EF-2 analysis also supported the divergence of T. tenax to be immediately next to G. lamblia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Origin of Chlorarachniophyte Plastids, as Inferred from Phylogenetic Comparisons of Amino Acid Sequences of EF-Tu (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 682-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Chlorarachniophyceae — Endosymbiosis — Origin of plastids — Elongation factor Tu — Protein phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) proteins from plastids was performed in an attempt to identify the origin of chlorarachniophyte plastids, which are considered to have evolved from the endosymbiont of a photosynthetic eukaryote. Partial sequences of the genes for plastid EF-Tu proteins (1,080–1,089 bp) were determined for three algae that contain chlorophyll b, namely, Gymnochlora stellata (Chlorarachniophyceae), Bryopsis maxima (Ulvophyceae), and Pyramimonas disomata (Prasinophyceae). The deduced amino acid sequences were used to construct phylogenetic trees of the plastid and bacterial EF-Tu proteins by the maximum likelihood, the maximum parsimony, and the neighbor joining methods. The trees obtained in the present analysis suggest that all plastids that contain chlorophyll b are monophyletic and that the chlorarachniophyte plastids are closely related to those of the Ulvophyceae. The phylogenetic trees also suggest that euglenophyte plastids are closely related to prasinophycean plastids. The results indicate that the chlorarachniophyte plastids evolved from a green algal endosymbiont that was closely related to the Ulvophyceae and that at least two secondary endosymbiotic events have occurred in the lineage of algae with plastids that contain chlorophyll b.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006272
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflict Among Individual Mitochondrial Proteins in Resolving the Phylogeny of Eutherian Orders (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 307-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Mammalian phylogeny — Mitochondrial proteins — Trees of individual proteins — Maximum-likelihood method — ND1 — Convergent evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The phylogenetic relationship among primates, ferungulates (artiodactyls + cetaceans + perissodactyls + carnivores), and rodents was examined using proteins encoded by the H strand of mtDNA, with marsupials and monotremes as the outgroup. Trees estimated from individual proteins were compared in detail with the tree estimated from all 12 proteins (either concatenated or summing up log-likelihood scores for each gene). Although the overall evidence strongly suggests ((primates, ferungulates), rodents), the ND1 data clearly support another tree, ((primates, rodents), ferungulates). To clarify whether this contradiction is due to (1) a stochastic (sampling) error; (2) minor model-based errors (e.g., ignoring site rate variability), or (3) convergent and parallel evolution (specifically between either primates and rodents or ferungulates and the outgroup), the ND1 genes from many additional species of primates, rodents, other eutherian orders, and the outgroup (marsupials + monotremes) were sequenced. The phylogenetic analyses were extensive and aimed to eliminate the following artifacts as possible causes of the aberrant result: base composition biases, unequal site substitution rates, or the cumulative effects of both. Neither more sophisticated evolutionary analyses nor the addition of species changed the previous conclusion. That is, the statistical support for grouping rodents and primates to the exclusion of all other taxa fluctuates upward or downward in quite a tight range centered near 95% confidence. These results and a site-by-site examination of the sequences clearly suggest that convergent or parallel evolution has occurred in ND1 between primates and rodents and/or between ferungulates and the outgroup. While the primate/rodent grouping is strange, ND1 also throws some interesting light on the relationships of some eutherian orders, marsupials, and montremes. In these parts of the tree, ND1 shows no apparent tendency for unexplained convergences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006389
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid Genome Phylogeny and a Model of Amino Acid Substitution for Proteins Encoded by Chloroplast DNA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 50 (2000), S. 348-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Maximum likelihood — General reversible Markov model — Amino acid substitution — Chloroplast DNA — AA LogDet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenies based on 9,957 amino acid (AA) sites of 45 proteins encoded in the plastid genomes of Cyanophora, a diatom, a rhodophyte (red algae), a euglenophyte, and five land plants are compared with respect to several properties of the data, including between-site rate variation and aberrant amino acid composition in individual species. Neighbor-joining trees from AA LogDet distances and ML analyses are seen to be congruent when site rate variability was taken into account. Four feasible trees are identified in these analyses, one of which is preferred, and one of which is almost excluded by statistical criteria. A transition probability matrix for the general reversible Markov model of amino acid substitutions is estimated from the data, assuming each of these four trees. In all cases, the tree with diatom and rhodophyte as sister taxa was clearly favored. The new transition matrix based on the best tree, called cpREV, takes into account distinct substitution patterns in plastid-encoded proteins and should be useful in future ML inferences using such data. A second rate matrix, called cpREV*, based on a weighted sum of rate matrices from different trees, is also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910038
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