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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catecholamine release and interrenal response of brown trout, Salmo trutta, exposed to aluminium in acidic water (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Cannulated brown trout, Salmo trutta, were exposed for 36 h to synthetic water with a low calcium content of pH 5 and similar synthetic water dosed with aluminium to raise the filterable A1 from 5 to 290 μg 1−1 over the 36-h period. There were no significant disturbances of plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol or catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) in fish held in water of pH 5. The addition of aluminium to this acidic synthetic water resulted in a generalized endocrine stress response with a four-fold increase in plasma glucose concentration after 18 h and a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentration from 24 h onwards when filterable A1 exceeded 200 μg 1−1. Plasma catecholamine concentration indicated an adrenergic stress response in aluminium-exposed brown trout. A transient doubling in noradrenaline after 6 h in A1 was followed by a larger increase in both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in fish surviving the 36-h exposure to A1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05993.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single nephron filtration rates (SNGFR) in the trout,Salmo gairdneri (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 377 (1978), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Glomerular filtration ; Nephron ; Ferrocyanide ; SNGFR ; Environmental salinity ; Teleost fish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract 1. Trout kidney slices incubated in the presence of14C-sodium ferrocyanide accumulated radioactivity. Uptake by individual nephroi increased with time, stabilizing after 30 min. The greater the concentration of radioactivity the greater the uptake per mm of tubule, while reduced specific activity inhibited14C uptake. 2. The renal excretory pattern of14C-sodium ferrocyanide was compared with that of3H-inulin in fresh water adapted trout. The renal clearance rates of the substances were similar and linearly related over a range or urine flows, providing plasma ferrocyanide concentrations were between 1.5 and 2.5 mM.14C-ferrocyanide is thus a reliable marker for glomerular activity in this species. 3. A protocol for the determination of single nephron glomerular filtration rates (SNGFR) in trout is described. The method exploits the ability to visualize ferrocyanide as Prussian Blue within nephroi after a single pulse injection superimposed upon a constant infusion of14C-ferrocyanide. The effects of surgical procedure and extraluminal contamination are assessed. 4. The SNGFR of freshwater trout, 1.31±0.2 nl/min is approximately 65% less than that observed in sea water adapted fish (3.74±1.12 nl/min). The overall, total kidney glomerular filtration rate, (GFR) is 142.6±17.4 μl/min/kg in fresh water animals and 20.1±0.9 μl/min/kg in sea water fish. 5. It is concluded that whilst SNGFRs of sea water animals are higher than those of fresh water animals, filtration is distributed to nephron populations selected to meet the homeostatic demands of the organism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584381
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypoosmoregulation of larvae of the turbot, Scophthalamus maximus: drinking and gut function in relation to environmental salinity (1993)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 10 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): fish larvae ; osmoregulation ; drinking ; gut water reabsorption ; Scophthalamus maximus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Measurement of blood osmolarity of pre-metamorphic turbot larvae demonstrated that hypoosmoregulation is well established in larvae 6 days post-hatch (121 degree-days) and older. Blood osmolarity of 121–420 degree-day larvae reared in 100% seawater was significantly greater than blood osmolarity of larvae reared in 50% seawater. Hypoosmoregulation involved drinking, but instantaneous drinking rates of 340 degree-day larvae reared in 100% seawater were only slightly more than those of similarly aged larvae reared in 50% seawater. Adaptation to environmental salinity involved changes in gut water absorption; 65–74% water absorption occurred in larvae reared in seawater compared to 30–35% water absorption in larvae reared in 50% seawater. Gastrointestinal water absorption occurred prior to the rectum. In seawater this occurred alongside a decrease in gut fluid osmolarity but desalting was apparently less significant than in adult fish. Absolute water absorption by the gut of 340 degree-day larvae reared in seawater was about 2-fold that of larvae held in 50% seawater, while the osmotic gradient between internal body fluids and environmental media differed by 4-fold, which implies changes the in water permeability of skin and/or developing gills.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004602
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ionoregulatory and respiratory responses of brown trout, Salmo trutta, exposed to lethal and sublethal aluminium in acidic soft waters (1995)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 14 (1995), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): aluminium ; ionoregulation ; arterial oxygen ; acid stress ; Salmo trutta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Soft water acclimated (Ca2+ 0.02 mM; Na+ 0.03 mM; K+ 0.01 mM; pH 7.0), cannulated brown trout (Salmo trutta) were exposed to various pH and aluminium (Al) regimes (pH 7.0, pH 5.0, pH 5.0 plus Al: 50, 25, and 12.5 μg l−1) for up to 5 days in order to determine (i) the sublethal concentration of Al at pH 5.0 for this species (ii) their ionoregulatory and respiratory status. No mortality or physiological disturbances were evident at pH 7.0 or pH 5.0. All trout died within 48 h at pH 5.0 in the presence of Al at 50 μg l−1 and 67% died over the 5 day period at pH 5.0 in the presence of Al at 25 μg l−1. Fish at these lethal Al concentrations showed significant decreases in arterial blood oxygen content (CaO2) but no changes in plasma osmolarity or the concentrations of plasma Na+, K+ and Cl−. Physiological disturbance was more marked at the 50 μg l−1 Al concentration. The surviving fish at 25 μg l−1 showed few signs of physiological recovery while continually exposed to this regime. No fish died during the exposure to water of pH 5.0 containing 12.5 μg l−1 Al, but physiological disturbance was still apparent. These sublethally-stressed trout showed a transient decline in the plasma concentrations of Na+ and Cl−1. Although CaO2 decreased, recovery was evident. The data suggest that in the brown trout, environmental Al concentration is as important as pH and calcium concentration in determining the physiological status of the fish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004293
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glomerular ultrastructure of the trout, Salmo gairdneri (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 205-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Ultrastructure ; Teleosts ; Seawater adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epithelial ultrastructure of the glomerulus of fresh- and sea-water adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vivo-perfusion fixation. Adaptation to seawater for a period of up to 9 weeks was not associated with a change in glomerular size, although after one year in seawater both glomeruli and their capsules were significantly smaller than the glomeruli of freshwater adapted fish. In freshwater adapted trout the epithelial ultrastructure conformed to the general vertebrate pattern, with rounded podocytes, well-defined primary processes and interdigitating pedicels. Adaptation to seawater was associated with a marked increase in the frequency of cytoplasmic microprojections. In many glomeruli there was a flattening of the podocytes, broadening of the primary processes, and areas of closely-packed pedicels were common. These observations are discussed in the light of previous studies on the mammalian kidney and the changes of single nephron function known to be associated with adaptation of trout to increased environmental salinities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216040
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1995)
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 5 (1995), S. 256-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179759
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glomerular bypass shunts in the kidney of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glomerulus ; Renal circulation ; Vascular casts ; Microcorrosion casts ; Glomerular bypass shunts ; Myxine glutinosa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The vascular pathways associated with the glomerulus of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa have been studied by scanning electron microscopy of corroded resin casts of the vasculature. Although the overall pattern of the renal vasculature did not differ from earlier reports, a previously unreported vascular pathway which arose from the renal artery and bypassed the glomerular capillaries in 28% of glomeruli was clearly demonstrated. Glomerular bypass shunts either ran to join the loose capillary network around Bowman's capsule and thereby drain into the network of vessels associated with the mesonephric duct (ureter), or ran directly into the ureteral system of vessels and subsequently into the posterior cardinal veins. Glomerular bypass shunts which theoretically permit renal arterial blood to bypass the process of filtration may play a role in the regulation of body fluid volume.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222294
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal microvasculature of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts of glomeruli (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 213 (1985), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts of blood vessels permits detailed and accurate study of the microcirculation. The present study examined the renal microvasculature of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The conventional picture of a glomerulus with one afferent arteriole was common, but glomeruli were often supplied by two afferent arterioles. In the majority of these, the intrarenal artery gave rise to a single afferent arteriole that branched to form two smaller vessels before reaching the glomerulus. Glomeruli with two afferent arterioles that arose independently from the intrarenal artery also occurred. The majority of glomeruli had a single efferent arteriole, but a proportion of glomeruli had two efferent arterioles. Efferent arterioles were smaller in diameter than the afferent arterioles. The glomerular capillaries were arranged in lobules, with few anastomoses between lobules, so that, for glomeruli with two afferent or two efferent arterioles, vascular perfusion and thus filtration within discrete lobules is probable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130405
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glomerular ultrastructure of the trout, Salmo gairdneri: Effects of angiotensin II and adaptation to seawater (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Angiotensin II ; Glomerulus ; Salmo gairdneri ; Seawater-adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of angiotensin infusion on the glomerular ultrastructure of freshwater- and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adaptation of trout to seawater resulted in epithelial podocyte flattening, primary process broadening and apparent loss of foot processes in almost all glomeruli, features which were uncommon in freshwater-adapted trout. Similar changes were induced by infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the modification of glomerular epithelial ultrastructure. Adaptation of trout to seawater also reduced glomerular diameter, but infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin did not mirror this effect. Infusion of angiotensin into seawater-adapted animals increased the overall thickness of glomerular basement membrane by increasing the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. This did not occur when freshwater-adapted fish were either infused with angiotensin or adapted to seawater. These findings suggest that other humoral systems are involved in the control of glomerular diameter and basement membrane thickness as part of an integrated response to increased environmental salinity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215528
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glomerular binding of angiotensin II in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Isolated glomeruli of the rainbow trout have been exposed in vitro to125I-angiotensin II (0.88 × 10−9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies provide evidence of specific binding of angiotensin II by glomeruli. Binding was significantly inhibited by excess (10−5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, but a high degree of non-specific binding also occurred. The mammalian competitive antagonist, saralasin (3 × 10−7 M) did not influence125I-angiotensin II binding to fish glomeruli. Intense binding of125I-angiotensin II was noted at the vascular pole of some glomeruli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740774
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