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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strong interaction of arbitrary fields of sound and light: Application to higher-order Bragg imaging (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 84-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Small objects positioned in a high-frequency ultrasonic beam can be imaged by Bragg diffraction of light. The first order contains one image. Using a light beam with a considerable convergence angle and reducing the ultrasonic frequency, one observes that the second diffraction order contains two adjoining images, the third order three, etc., and that the positive orders are the mirror images of the negative ones. These experimental observations are explained by the present theory and general expressions for the angular distribution of the light in the different diffraction orders are presented in the form of a series expansion. Evidence for the multiple images in the higher diffraction orders is found by analyzing the first term in this expansion. The center-to-center separation of the images within the higher orders is found to be proportional to the ultrasonic frequency and the interaction width.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355767
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical and experimental study of ultrasonic surface modes at a solid-fluid periodic interface (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4860-4871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The generation of ultrasonic surface waves on a solid-liquid periodic interface is demonstrated. Characterization of leaky Stoneley modes and leaky Rayleigh modes is obtained by looking at the reflected and the transmitted broadband spectra. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the frequency and amplitude of such surface resonances are significantly affected, not only by the spatial periodicity of the profile, but also by the peak-to-valley height of the roughness. As a result, the practical problem of measurement of the geometrical parameters of the periodic surface, knowing the ultrasonic velocities in the coupling medium, is addressed. Conversely, we discuss a method to estimate the surface wave velocities on a given known profile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340426
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surface roughness determination using the acousto-optic technique: Theory and experiment (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 599-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: With the acousto-optic nondestructive testing technique, phase shifts between the incident and the reflected ultrasound are measured at critical angles of the investigated material. This letter is focusing theoretically as well as experimentally on the influence of a small surface roughness (some micrometers) of a thick material on the phase information. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119805
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thin layer thickness measurements based on the acousto-optic technique (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1732-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The acousto-optic technique presented by Wevers, Devolder, Leroy, and De Meester [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1466 (1995)] was based on the information concerning the phase shift between the incident and the reflected ultrasound at critical angles. Two laser beams were used, one being diffracted by the incident ultrasound, the other being diffracted by the reflected ultrasound. Information concerning the geometrical shape of the sample as well as information concerning the thickness of a thin layer could be obtained from measurements in the near-field of the light diffraction. In this letter it is shown that using only one laser beam, traveling through the intersection region of both ultrasounds, exact thickness information of the layer can be obtained. Theoretical calculations are derived and compared with practical measurements for a 3 μm copper layer on a stainless-steel plate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115890
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acousto-optic technique: A new nondestructive technique to evaluate thin layered structures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1466-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: On laboratory scale a new nondestructive technique has been elaborated for the quality control of layered structures. This technique is called the "acousto-optic technique'' and it measures the modulation of ultrasound reflected by a layered material optically in amplitude and phase using laser beams crossing the ultrasonic beams (incident and reflected). The most important characteristics of layered structures which have been investigated are the thickness and the thickness variations within a layer and the presence of artificial defects. Only when the ultrasound is incident in the Rayleigh angle of the substrate material, the phase differences measured obtain important information on the quality of the layered structure. The experimental results underline the results already obtained from the theoretical models elaborated for this technique. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113656
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fiscal Policymaking and the Central Bank Institutional Constraint (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 41 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1988.tb02734.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of a density stratification and of an incompressibility modulus on the spectrum of core modes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 127 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The concept of a deformation of a simple, non-rotating, spherically symmetric earth model with a fluid outer core, although it is a highly artificial physical situation, provides a useful computational algorithm that allows one lo determine analytically modes of vibration without any Love-number theory. In particular, on these analytically determined modes, we impose regularity conditions at the centre and boundary conditions at the surface, as well as conditions of continuity at the inner-core-outer-core boundary and at the core-mantle boundary. They lead to an eigenvalue equation for the frequency of oscillation. The range of frequencies obtained in this way for different earth models gives an indication of the influence of compressibility and non-homogeneity on the spectrum of eigenfrequencies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb04039.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activation of Cell-Mediated Immunity Following Immunization with Pneumococcal Conjugate or Polysaccharide Vaccine* (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide (PS) vaccines can be improved by conjugating PS to a polypeptide carrier that alters the immune response from T-cell independent to T-cell dependent. In order to study the influence of PS or protein antigens as inducers of cell-mediated responses, 30 adults were immunized with a 23-valent pneumococcal PS vaccine (PS-group) or an 11-valent, tetanus and diphtheria mixed carrier conjugate vaccine with (adjuvant group) or without aluminium adjuvant (nonadjuvant group). Cell-mediated responses were analyzed on days 0, 14 and 28 after vaccination by measuring lymphocyte proliferation and production of interferon (IFN)-γ (Th1 marker) or interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 (Th2 markers) cytokines after in vitro stimulation with the PS and protein components of the vaccines. Tetanus and diphtheria proteins were the main inducers of lymphocyte proliferative and cytokine responses. Conjugate vaccines induced increased proliferative responses to the tetanus or diphtheria protein, but not to the PS components. In the PS-group, a lymphocyte proliferative response to protein antigens was not observed. The number of antigen-specific and nonspecific IFN-γ-secreting cells detected by ELISPOT tended to increase in all three groups in response to protein or to PS antigen. No major differences were detected in the number of IL-4-secreting cells measured 14 and 28 days after vaccination. The conjugate vaccine with adjuvant was associated with Th2 type of activation indicated by an enhanced IL-5 secretion in response to the tetanus and diphtheria protein antigens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00882.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The diffraction of light by progressive supersonic waves. Oblique incidence of light - I. Approximate solution of the Raman-Nath equations
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica 61 (1972), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-8914
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-8914(72)90075-4
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffraction of light by two parallel adjacent ultrasonic waves, having the same wavelengths
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Sound and Vibration 32 (1974), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-460X
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(74)80167-7
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