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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Primary Decomposition Products of Azides. I. 1,4-Diphenyl5-azido-1,2,3-triazole1 (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 86 (1964), S. 2025-2033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01064a024
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: prospective validation of a prognostic score (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1307-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Pneumonia ; Mortality ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), to develop a pneumonia-specific prognostic index, and to evaluate this index prospectively. Design: Combined retrospective and prospective clinical study over two periods: January 1987–December 1992 and January 1993–December 1994. Setting: Four medical ICUs in the north of France. Patients: Derivation cohort: 335 patients admitted to one ICU were retrospectively studied to determine prognosis factors and to develop a pneumonia-specific prognostic index. Validation cohort: 125 consecutive patients, admitted to four ICUs, were prospectively enrolled to evaluate this index. Results: In the derivation cohort, 16 predictors of mortality were identified and assigned a value directly proportional to their magnitude in the mortality model: aspiration pneumonia (–0.37), grading of sepsis ≥11 (–0.2), antimicrobial combination (–0.01), Glasgow score 〉12+mechanical ventilation (MV) (+0.09), serum creatinine ≥15 mg/l (+0.22), chest involvement shown by X-ray ≥3 lobes (+0.28), shock (+0.29), bacteremia (+0.29), initial MV (+0.29), underlying ultimately or rapidly fatal illness (+0.31), Simplified Acute Physiology Score ≥12 (+0.49), neutrophil count ≤3500/mm3 (+0.52), acute organ system failure score ≥2 (+0.64), delayed MV (+0.67), immunosuppression (+1.38), and ineffective initial antimicrobial therapy (+1.5). An index was obtained by adding each patient‘s points. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve, the cut-off value of this index was 2.5. In the validation cohort, an index of ≥2.5 could predict death with a positive predictive value of 0.92, sensitivity 0.61, and specificity 0.98. Conclusion: This index, which performs well in classifying patients at high-risk of death, may help physicians in initial patient care (appropriateness of the initial antimicrobial therapy) and guide future clinical research (analysis and design of therapeutic trials).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709543
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological features and prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 198-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Severe CAP ; Pneumococcal pneumonia ; Prognosis on ICU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe risk factors of severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia and to study variables influencing outcome. Design: Retrospective (1987–1992) and prospective (1993–1995) study. Setting: Three participating ICUs from primary care hospitals. Patients: Five hundred and five patients (mean age: 63 ± 17 years) with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Three groups of patients were defined: pneumococcal CAP (group 1), CAP with microbial diagnosis other than Streptococcus pneumoniae (group 2), CAP from group 2 and CAP without microbial diagnosis (group 3). Measurements and results: Admission data and data on the disease's course were recorded. The mean Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) was 12.5 ± 5.4. On admission 288 (57 %) patients were mechanically ventilated (mv) and 82 (16.2 %) required inotropic support. A microbial diagnosis was established for 309 (61.2 %) patients. S. pneumoniae was isolated in 137 (27.1 %) patients. Severe pneumococcal CAP was independently associated with male sex (p = 0.01), lack of antibiotics use before admission (p = 0.0001), non-aspiration pneumonia (p = 0.01) and septic shock (p = 0.0001). The overall mortality rate was 27.5 % (29.2 % in group 1). In patients with severe pneumococcal CAP, multivariate analysis showed that leukopenia less than 3,500/mm3 (p = 0.0004), age over 65 years (p = 0.01), septic shock (p = 0.01), sepsis related complications (p = 0.0001), ICU complications (p = 0.001) and inadequacy of antimicrobial therapy (p = 0.002) worsened the prognosis. Conclusions: Few features facilitate the identification of pneumococcal CAP on ICU admission. The prognosis is mostly related to severity of illness (leukopenia, septic shock) while comorbidities do not seem to influence outcome. Sepsis-related disorders, ICU complications and adequate antimicrobial chemotherapy are the major variables affecting the outcome during an ICU stay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A five-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 24-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Epidemiology ; Critically ill patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives To characterize the epidemiology and to determine the prognosis factors in severe community-acquired pneumonia among patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Design Retrospective clinical study. Setting Intensive Care and Infectious Diseases Unit of a municipal general hospital of Lille University Medical School. Patients 299 consecutive patients exhibiting severe community-acquired pneumonia. Measurements and results On admission to ICU, 149 patients required mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure and 44 exhibited septic shock. Pulmonary involvement was bilateral in 71 patients. There were 260 organisms isolated from 197 patients (65.9%), the most frequent beingStreptococcus pneumoniae (n=80),Staphylococcus spp. (n=57) and Gram-negative bacilli (n=81). Overall mortality was 28.5% (85 patients). According to univariate analysis, mortality was associated with age over 60 years, anticipated death within 5 years, immunosuppression, shock, mechanical ventilation, bilateral pulmonary involvement, bacteremia, neutrophil count 〈3500/mm3, total serum protein level 〈45 g/l, serum creatinine 〉15 mg/l, non-aspiration pneumonia, ineffective initial therapy and complications. Multivariate analysis selected only 5 factors significantly associated with prognosis: anticipated death within 5 years, shock, bacteremia, non-pneumonia-related complications and ineffective initial therapy. Conclusion The effectiveness of the initial therapy appears to be the most significant prognosis factor and, as the one and only related to the initial medical intervention, suggests a need for permanent optimization of our antimicrobial strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425150
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe community-acquired pneumonia in ICUs: Prospective validation of a prognostic score (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1307-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pneumonia ; Mortality ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), to develop a pneumonia-specific prognostic index, and to evaluate this index prospectively. Design Combined retrospective and prospective clinical study over two periods: January 1987–December 1992 and January 1993–December 1994. Setting Four medical ICUs in the north of France. Patients Derivation cohort: 335 patients admitted to one ICU were retrospectively studied to determine prognosis factors and to develop a pneumonia-specific prognostic index. Validation cohort: 125 consecutive patients, admitted to four ICUs, were prospectively enrolled to evaluate this index. Results In the derivation cohort, 16 predictors of mortality were identified and assigned a value directly proportional to their magnitude in the mortality model: aspiration pneumonia (−0.37), grading of sepsis ≥11 (−0.2), antimicrobial combination (−0.01), Glasgow score 〉12+mechanical ventilation (MV) (+0.09), serum creatinine ≥15 mg/l (+0.22), chest involvement shown by X-ray ≥3 lobes (+0.28), shock (+0.29), bacteremia (+0.29), initial MV (+0.29), underlying ultimately or rapidly fatal illness (+0.31), Simplified Acute Physiology Score ≥12 (+0.49), neutrophil count ≤3500/mm3 (+0.52), acute organ system failure score ≥2 (+0.64), delayed MV (+0.67), immunosuppression (+1.38), and ineffective initial antimicrobial therapy (+1.5). An index was obtained by adding each patient's points. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve, the cut-off value of this index was 2.5. In the validation cohort, an index of ≥2.5 could predict death with a positive predictive value of 0.92, sensitivity 0.61, and specificity 0.98. Conclusion This index, which performs well in classifying patients at high-risk of death, may help physicians in initial patient care (appropriateness of the initial antimicrobial therapy) and guide future clinical research (analysis and design of therapeutic trials).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709543
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiscal Policymaking and the Central Bank Institutional Constraint (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 41 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1988.tb02734.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong interaction of arbitrary fields of sound and light: Application to higher-order Bragg imaging (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 84-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Small objects positioned in a high-frequency ultrasonic beam can be imaged by Bragg diffraction of light. The first order contains one image. Using a light beam with a considerable convergence angle and reducing the ultrasonic frequency, one observes that the second diffraction order contains two adjoining images, the third order three, etc., and that the positive orders are the mirror images of the negative ones. These experimental observations are explained by the present theory and general expressions for the angular distribution of the light in the different diffraction orders are presented in the form of a series expansion. Evidence for the multiple images in the higher diffraction orders is found by analyzing the first term in this expansion. The center-to-center separation of the images within the higher orders is found to be proportional to the ultrasonic frequency and the interaction width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355767
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of a density stratification and of an incompressibility modulus on the spectrum of core modes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 127 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The concept of a deformation of a simple, non-rotating, spherically symmetric earth model with a fluid outer core, although it is a highly artificial physical situation, provides a useful computational algorithm that allows one lo determine analytically modes of vibration without any Love-number theory. In particular, on these analytically determined modes, we impose regularity conditions at the centre and boundary conditions at the surface, as well as conditions of continuity at the inner-core-outer-core boundary and at the core-mantle boundary. They lead to an eigenvalue equation for the frequency of oscillation. The range of frequencies obtained in this way for different earth models gives an indication of the influence of compressibility and non-homogeneity on the spectrum of eigenfrequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb04039.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical and experimental study of ultrasonic surface modes at a solid-fluid periodic interface (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4860-4871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of ultrasonic surface waves on a solid-liquid periodic interface is demonstrated. Characterization of leaky Stoneley modes and leaky Rayleigh modes is obtained by looking at the reflected and the transmitted broadband spectra. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the frequency and amplitude of such surface resonances are significantly affected, not only by the spatial periodicity of the profile, but also by the peak-to-valley height of the roughness. As a result, the practical problem of measurement of the geometrical parameters of the periodic surface, knowing the ultrasonic velocities in the coupling medium, is addressed. Conversely, we discuss a method to estimate the surface wave velocities on a given known profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340426
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acousto-optic technique: A new nondestructive technique to evaluate thin layered structures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1466-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: On laboratory scale a new nondestructive technique has been elaborated for the quality control of layered structures. This technique is called the "acousto-optic technique'' and it measures the modulation of ultrasound reflected by a layered material optically in amplitude and phase using laser beams crossing the ultrasonic beams (incident and reflected). The most important characteristics of layered structures which have been investigated are the thickness and the thickness variations within a layer and the presence of artificial defects. Only when the ultrasound is incident in the Rayleigh angle of the substrate material, the phase differences measured obtain important information on the quality of the layered structure. The experimental results underline the results already obtained from the theoretical models elaborated for this technique. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113656
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