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  • 1
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) under cardiopulmonary bypass, esmolol, ultra short acting beta blocker, was applied to obtain low heart rate and weak ventricular contraction under mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Five infants aged from 14 to 158 days with an average of 70 days, underwent a primary or palliative repair of TAPVR. The type of anomalous return was supracardiac type (2), infracardiac (2), and intracardiac (1). A primary repair was done in three for isolated TAPVR with bypass time of 65 to 76 minutes, and a palliative repair for two with complex anomalies with bypass time of 64 and 87 minutes. Results: There was one operative death from cerebral bleeding in an infant with complex TAPVR who underwent simultaneous pulmonary banding. Conclusion: This strategy seems to be applicable in pediatric cardiac surgery when aortic cross-clamping is better to be avoided and the surgery is mainly limited to the atrial level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 14 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AbstractObjective There are an increasing number of patients with severe liver dysfunction subjected to open heart surgery. This retrospective study was designed to assess operative results and clarify the degree of liver injury in patients with liver dysfunction undergoing open heart surgery. In addition, determinants influencing their prognosis were assessed. Methods In a 9-year period from 1988 to 1996, we operated on 31 patients with posthepatitis liver dysfunction and 16 with chronic passive congestion of the liver. This group was 2.3% and 1.6% of the 1368 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the same period. We compared several perioperative factors between survivors and nonsurvivors to determine risk factors affecting mortality. Results In the group with posthepatitis liver dysfunction, the postoperative course of 5 patients among 31 (16.1%) was poor. Serum cholinesterase concentration was lower only in the nonsurvivor group (nonsurvivor vs survivor: 1979 ± 949 vs 3515 ± 1424 lU/l, p 〈 0.05). All patients with cholinesterase 〈 2000 IU/L died. The duration of CPB (212 ± 53 vs 150 ± 54 minutes, p 〈 0.03) and ACC time (151 ± 38 vs 96 2 40 minutes, p 〈 0.02) was longer in the nonsurvivor group. In the group with chronic passive congestion, the postoperative course of 5 of 16 (31.3%) patients with valvular disease was poor. Serum cholinesterase concentration was lower only in the nonsurvivor group (nonsurvivor vs survivors: 2006 ± 435 vs 3483 ± 1442 IU/L, p 〈 0.021, and all patients with cholinesterase 〈 2000 IU/L died. Postoperative bleeding was greater in the nonsurvivor group (3327 ± 2106 vs 1428 ± 643 mL, p 〈 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including the described pre- and intraoperative factors identified only serum cholinesterase concentration (F = 9.18) as significant. Conclusions A low value of preoperative serum cholinesterase (〈 2,000 IU/L) is thought to be the predictor of prognosis after open heart surgery in patients with severe posthepatitis and congestive liver dysfunction. operative factors (cardiopulmonary time in posthepatitis liver dysfunction and postoperative bleeding in the congestive liver dysfunction) also influenced the prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) gas infusion to the oxygenator, as well as heparin-coated bypass circuits, have been reported to attenuate blood activation induced by the interaction with the artificial surfaces of an extracorporeal bypass circuit. Using a mock circulation model, we compared the effect of each and also evaluated the effect of their combination on attenuating bypass-induced blood activation. Methods: A miniature closed bypass circuit was primed with diluted fresh human blood and perfused for 180 minutes using a centrifugal pump. NO gas (0, 50, or 100 ppm) was infused to the oxygenator sweep gas of either a non-heparin-coated or a heparin-coated circuit. Platelet counts, β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, complement-3 activation products and granulocyte elastase were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after starting the perfusion. Results: One hundred ppm of NO was statistically equivalent to the heparin-coated circuit for attenuating bypass-induced blood activation, and a combination of the two significantly surpassed the results of either modification alone. Fifty ppm of NO alone provided only a slight attenuation of blood activation as compared with the non-heparin-coated circuit, though the difference was not significant. A combination of 50 ppm NO and the heparin-coated circuit did not significantly enhance the effects of the heparin-coated circuit alone. Conclusions: The combination of NO gas infusion and heparin-coated circuits appears to be a useful and promising modification for enhancing the attenuation of bypass-induced blood activation, though the optimal dose of NO infusion in terms of effectiveness and adverse effects to the whole body remains to be established.(J Card Surg 2002;17:477-484)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    135 Bedford Road, PO Box 418 , Armonk , NY 10504-0418 USA . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 18 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background and Aim of the Study: Although open heart operations via a mini-sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy are considered “less invasive” cosmetically and are hopeful for early social recovery, clinical experiences have not shown less invasiveness toward systemic inflammatory response, because of the wide variety of patients and operative procedures encountered. We examined the effect of a mini-sternotomy on an inflammatory response during a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure performed in rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, each of which underwent a 120-minute CPB, were randomly divided into four groups according to the method of exposing the pericardial cavity; no sternotomy (Group N[0 cm], n= 8), right para-sternal thoracotomy (Group P [2 cm], n= 8), lower mini-sternotomy (Group M [2 cm], n= 8), and full-sternotomy (Group F [4 cm], n= 8). Blood samples were obtained (1) just prior to the initiation of CPB, and then (2) 30, (3) 60, and (4) 120 minutes after the initiation of CPB. Results: Thirty minutes after the initiation of CPB, there were significant differences in plasma interleukin [IL]-6 levels between groups, except for Groups P and M; whereas at 60 minutes the only significant difference occurred between Groups N and F, and at 120 minutes there were no significant differences between any of the groups. Further, plasma IL-8 levels were not significantly different at each sampling point between all of the groups. Conclusions: These results first demonstrate experimentally that the avoidance of a full-sternotomy can be considered a less invasive strategy in terms of reducing the systemic inflammatory response that accompanies a shorter CPB duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Parmi les 26 patients qui avaient eu un pontage coronarien associé à une chirurgie abdominale dans notre institution entre 1977 et 1992, neuf avaient une maladie coronarienne sévère associée à un cancer gastrique stade I UICC. Le pontage coronarien a été suivi d'une gastrectomie à visée curatrice soit en un (premier dans l'ordre chronologique, groupe A=4), soit en deux temps (groupe B=5). La chirugie cardiaque a précédé la chirurgie gastrique dans tous les cas, et dans le groupe B, l'intervalle entre les deux interventions a été de 2 à 7 semaines. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre les deux groupes en ce qui concerne l'âge, le sexe, l'état préopératoire, la classification NYHA, les antécédents d'infarctus du myocarde, la fraction d'éjection, l'indexe cardiaque, le nombre de vaisseaux atteints ou le nombre de greffons utilisés. Il n'y avait aucune différence entre les deux groupes en ce qui concerne la perte sanguine pendant l'intervention gastrique (A: 649±194 ml; B; 842±326 ml) ou la durée de l'intervention (A: 371±106 min; B: 343±46 min). Deux patients dans le groupe A ont eu une complication postopératoire (un cas d'arythmie, et un autre cas, fatal, de fuite anastomotique). Il y a eu quatre complications chez les patients du groupe B (trois cas d'hyperbilirubinémie transitoire, un cas d'hémorragie postopératiore, sans aucune mortalité). La durée d'hospitalisation postopératoire n'a pas été significativement plus longue chez les patients du groupe B (A: 41.7±22.7 jours; B: 46.0±25.0 jours). En conclusion, la chirurgie coronarienne et gastrique peut être faite simultanément avec sécurité, mais une surveillance et une thérapeutique périopératoire rigoureuse sont nécessaires.
    Abstract: Resumen De 26 pacientes sometidos tanto a “bypass” coronario y a cirugía abdominal en nuestra institución entre 1977 y 1992, 9 exhibían severa enfermedad coronaria asociada con cáncer gástrico en estadío I (UICC). Estos casos fueron tratados con “bypass” coronario seguido de operación curativa para su cáncer gástrico; los primeros 4 pacientes recibieron cirugía en dos etapas (Grupo A), en tanto que los últimos cinco pacientes recibieron cirugía simultánea (Grupo B). La cirugía cardíaca fue realizada primero en todos los pacientes, y en los del Grupo A el intervalo entre los dos procedimientos fue de 2–7 semanas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos Grupos en cuanto a características preoperatorias: sexo, edad, complicaciones preoperatorias, clase NYHA (New York Heart Association), infarto miocárdico previo, fracción de eyección, índice cardíaco, número de vasos afectados o número de injertos. No se hallaron differencias significativas entre los dos Grupos en cuanto a pérdida de sangre durante la operación gástrica (A: 649±194 ml; B: 842±326 ml) o el tiempo operatorio (A: 371±106 min; B: 343±46 min). Dos pacientes del Grupo A presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias (1 caso de arritmia, y 1 murió de sepsis por falla de la sutura). Por el contrario, 4 pacientes del Grupo B desarrollaron complicaciones (3 casos de hiperbilirrubinemia y 1 caso de hemorragia postoperatoria: ninguno murió). La estancia postoperatoria después de la gastrectomía no resultó prolongada en el Grupo B, en comparación con el Grupo A (A: 41.7±22.7; B: 46.0±25.0 días). En conclusión, se pueden realizar en forma segura el procedimiento de “bypass” coronario y de cirugía gástrica, aunque es indispensable un cuidadoso manejo del paciente.
    Notes: Abstract Or 26 patients who underwent both coronary artery bypass grafting and abdominal surgery at our institution between 1977 and 1992, nine had severe coronary artery disease associated with UICC stage I gastric cancer. They were treated by coronary artery bypass grafting followed by a curative operation for gastric cancer, the initial four patients underwent two-staged surgery (group A), and the most recent five patients underwent simultaneous surgery (group B). The cardiac surgery was performed first in all patients, and in group A the interval between the two procedures was 2 to 7 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative characteristics: sex, age, preoperative complications, NYHA class, prior myocardial infarction, ejection fraction, cardiac index, number of vessels diseased, or number of grafts. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood loss during the gastric operation (A: 649±194 ml; B: 842±326 ml) or the operating time (A: 371±106 minutes; B: 343±46 minutes). Two group A patients had postoperative complications (one had arrhythmia, and one died of sepsis caused by sutural insufficiency). On the other hand, four group B patients had complications (three cases of transient hyperbilirubinemia and one case of postoperative bleeding: none died). The postoperative hospital stay after gastrectomy was not prolonged in group B compared with group A (A: 41.7±22.7 days; B: 46.0±25.0 days). In conclusion, simultaneous procedure of coronary artery bypass grafting and gastric surgery can be performed safely, although careful management is indispensable.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé But: La clairance maximale du vert d'indocyanine (ICG Rmax) est peut être un des paramètres les plus importants pour mesurer la fonction hépatique. La méthode utilisée pour l'analyser, cependant, comporte des imperfections et on obtient une valeur anormale chez environ 15% des patients. Nous avons trouvé une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer l'ICG Rmax en utilisant un instrument dit de «clairomètrie» (RK-1000 de Sumitomo Co Japon) qui mesure continuellement la concentration de l'ICG par un senseur optique en forme de bout de doigt. Patients: Vingt patients ont été examinés. Les diagnostics histologiques étaient comme suit: foie normal: 10; cirrhoses, 6; hépatite: 4. Méthodes et Résultats. Les concentrations d'ICG ont été mesurées in vivo continuellement avec le RK-1000. Pour obtenir la Rmax selon le modèle de Michaelis-Menten, la concentration en ICG dans le compartiment VLDL a été soustraite des valeurs obtenues par le RK-1000, car l'ICG se lie à de différentes protéines sériques et son taux de clairance différe de celle des autres compartiments protéiques. La vitesse de clairance a été calculée et une courbe de Michaelis a été établie. Puis on a calculé la Rmax à partir du réciproque de l'intersection de l'axe Y de la courbe Lineweaver-Burk. La Rmax des sujets ayant une maladie hépatique était significativement plus bas que celle des sujet ayant un foie normal. Conclusion: Notre nouvelle méthode de mesure la Rmax avec la RK-100 est un reflet fidèle de l'activité hépatique.
    Abstract: Resumen [Objetivo] La tasa máxima de remoción del verde indocianino (ICG Rmax) es considerada como un parámetro importante de función hepática. Sin embargo, el método de análisis tiene ciertas fallas lo cual resulta en valores anormales en alrededor del 15% de los pacientes. Hemos desarrollado un nuevo método de medición de ICG Rmax mediante un “clearance meter” (RK 1000; Sumitomo Co., Japan), que mide en forma continua la concentración de ICG utilizando un sensor óptico que se aplica sobre la punta del dedo. [Pacientes] Se analizaron 20 pacientes y el diagnóstico histológico fue: normal, 10; cirrosis, 6; hepatitis, 4. [Métodos y resultados] La concentración de ICG fue medida in vivo en forma continua con el RK-1000. Para obtener el Rmax por el modelo Michaelis-Menten, se sustrajo la concentración de ICG en el compartimiento VLDL de los valores obtenidos mediante el RK-1000, porque el ICG se liga con varias proteínas séricas y su rata de remoción en el compartimiento VLDL difiere de la de otros compartimientos proteicos. La velocídad de remoción fue calculada y se construyó un nomograma de Michaellis. El Rmax fue calculado a partir de la intersección Y en un nomograma de Lineweaver-Burk. El Rmax en individuos con enfermedad hepática fue significativamente más bajo que en aquellos con higado normal. [Conclusión] Nuestro nuevo método de medir ICG Rmax con el RK-1000 refleja en forma apropiada el estado de la función hepática.
    Notes: Abstract The maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG Rmax) is considered to be an important parameter of hepatic function. However, the method of analysis has some flaws, and an abnormal value is obtained for about 15% of patients. We developed a new method of measuring the ICG Rmax with a clearance meter (RK-1000) that continuously measured the ICG concentration using a fingertip optical sensor. Twenty patients were examined. The histologic diagnosis was as follows: normal for 10, cirrhosis in 6, hepatitis in 4. The ICG concentration was measured in vivo continously with the RK-1000. To obtain the Rmax by the Michaelis-Menten model, the ICG concentration in the VLDL compartment was subtracted from the values obtained by the RK-1000 because ICG binds to various serum proteins and its rate of removal in the VLDL compartment differs from that in other protein compartments. The removal velocity was calculated and a Michaelis plot obtained. Then Rmax was calculated from the reciprocal of the y-intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Rmax in subjects with liver disease was signficantly lower than in those with normal liver. It is concluded that our new method of measuring ICG Rmax with the RK-1000 reflects liver function appropriately.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Alterations of the left atrial/right atrial pressure gradient were determined using a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter in 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum (LAP) and 13 patients who underwent minilaparotomy cholecystectomy (MINI). Right and left atrial pressures were both elevated by pneumoperitoneum. A diminished or reversed left/right interatrial pressure gradient was recognized during pneumoperitoneum in 4 of the 20 patients (20%) in the LAP group, whereas it was not recognized during operation in any of the 13 patients in the MINI group. Evaluation of the elevation of intrathoracic pressure during pneumoperitoneum using peak inspiratory airway pressure or pulmonary arterial pressure could not predict the occurrence of this paradoxical interatrial pressure gradient.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of pneumoperitoneum on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were evaluated during laparoscopic operation for esophageal achalasia. Intraoperative manometry was performed in three patients who underwent laparoscopic cardiomyectomy with Dor’s fundoplication and five patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The LES pressure and the length of the high-pressure zone (HPZ) did not change during pneumoperitoneum in either the achalasia and the LC group. In the achalasia group the LES pressure was sufficiently decreased following completion of cardiomyectomy, and the length of the HPZ was found to be sufficiently long after completion of fundoplication. The postoperative courses of the achalasia patients were uneventful, and they have had no symptoms of achalasia or gastroesophageal reflux since the operation. Accordingly, intraoperative manometry during 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum was considered to be available for laparoscopic surgery for esophageal achalasia.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Double aortic arch ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Right thoracotomy ; Retroesophageal aortic arch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a 2-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot and a complete double aortic arch (both arches patent) is reported. The left dominant aortic arch ran retroesophageally to the right and joined with the right smaller arch to form the descending thoracic aorta on the right side. We employed a right thoracotomy and performed a division of the right nondominant arch at the connection with the descending aorta. The surgical implications of an unusual type of double aortic arch are discussed.
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