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  • 1
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) gas infusion to the oxygenator, as well as heparin-coated bypass circuits, have been reported to attenuate blood activation induced by the interaction with the artificial surfaces of an extracorporeal bypass circuit. Using a mock circulation model, we compared the effect of each and also evaluated the effect of their combination on attenuating bypass-induced blood activation. Methods: A miniature closed bypass circuit was primed with diluted fresh human blood and perfused for 180 minutes using a centrifugal pump. NO gas (0, 50, or 100 ppm) was infused to the oxygenator sweep gas of either a non-heparin-coated or a heparin-coated circuit. Platelet counts, β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, complement-3 activation products and granulocyte elastase were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after starting the perfusion. Results: One hundred ppm of NO was statistically equivalent to the heparin-coated circuit for attenuating bypass-induced blood activation, and a combination of the two significantly surpassed the results of either modification alone. Fifty ppm of NO alone provided only a slight attenuation of blood activation as compared with the non-heparin-coated circuit, though the difference was not significant. A combination of 50 ppm NO and the heparin-coated circuit did not significantly enhance the effects of the heparin-coated circuit alone. Conclusions: The combination of NO gas infusion and heparin-coated circuits appears to be a useful and promising modification for enhancing the attenuation of bypass-induced blood activation, though the optimal dose of NO infusion in terms of effectiveness and adverse effects to the whole body remains to be established.(J Card Surg 2002;17:477-484)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) under cardiopulmonary bypass, esmolol, ultra short acting beta blocker, was applied to obtain low heart rate and weak ventricular contraction under mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Five infants aged from 14 to 158 days with an average of 70 days, underwent a primary or palliative repair of TAPVR. The type of anomalous return was supracardiac type (2), infracardiac (2), and intracardiac (1). A primary repair was done in three for isolated TAPVR with bypass time of 65 to 76 minutes, and a palliative repair for two with complex anomalies with bypass time of 64 and 87 minutes. Results: There was one operative death from cerebral bleeding in an infant with complex TAPVR who underwent simultaneous pulmonary banding. Conclusion: This strategy seems to be applicable in pediatric cardiac surgery when aortic cross-clamping is better to be avoided and the surgery is mainly limited to the atrial level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    135 Bedford Road, PO Box 418 , Armonk , NY 10504-0418 USA . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 18 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background and Aim of the Study: Although open heart operations via a mini-sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy are considered “less invasive” cosmetically and are hopeful for early social recovery, clinical experiences have not shown less invasiveness toward systemic inflammatory response, because of the wide variety of patients and operative procedures encountered. We examined the effect of a mini-sternotomy on an inflammatory response during a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure performed in rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, each of which underwent a 120-minute CPB, were randomly divided into four groups according to the method of exposing the pericardial cavity; no sternotomy (Group N[0 cm], n= 8), right para-sternal thoracotomy (Group P [2 cm], n= 8), lower mini-sternotomy (Group M [2 cm], n= 8), and full-sternotomy (Group F [4 cm], n= 8). Blood samples were obtained (1) just prior to the initiation of CPB, and then (2) 30, (3) 60, and (4) 120 minutes after the initiation of CPB. Results: Thirty minutes after the initiation of CPB, there were significant differences in plasma interleukin [IL]-6 levels between groups, except for Groups P and M; whereas at 60 minutes the only significant difference occurred between Groups N and F, and at 120 minutes there were no significant differences between any of the groups. Further, plasma IL-8 levels were not significantly different at each sampling point between all of the groups. Conclusions: These results first demonstrate experimentally that the avoidance of a full-sternotomy can be considered a less invasive strategy in terms of reducing the systemic inflammatory response that accompanies a shorter CPB duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 14 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AbstractObjective There are an increasing number of patients with severe liver dysfunction subjected to open heart surgery. This retrospective study was designed to assess operative results and clarify the degree of liver injury in patients with liver dysfunction undergoing open heart surgery. In addition, determinants influencing their prognosis were assessed. Methods In a 9-year period from 1988 to 1996, we operated on 31 patients with posthepatitis liver dysfunction and 16 with chronic passive congestion of the liver. This group was 2.3% and 1.6% of the 1368 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the same period. We compared several perioperative factors between survivors and nonsurvivors to determine risk factors affecting mortality. Results In the group with posthepatitis liver dysfunction, the postoperative course of 5 patients among 31 (16.1%) was poor. Serum cholinesterase concentration was lower only in the nonsurvivor group (nonsurvivor vs survivor: 1979 ± 949 vs 3515 ± 1424 lU/l, p 〈 0.05). All patients with cholinesterase 〈 2000 IU/L died. The duration of CPB (212 ± 53 vs 150 ± 54 minutes, p 〈 0.03) and ACC time (151 ± 38 vs 96 2 40 minutes, p 〈 0.02) was longer in the nonsurvivor group. In the group with chronic passive congestion, the postoperative course of 5 of 16 (31.3%) patients with valvular disease was poor. Serum cholinesterase concentration was lower only in the nonsurvivor group (nonsurvivor vs survivors: 2006 ± 435 vs 3483 ± 1442 IU/L, p 〈 0.021, and all patients with cholinesterase 〈 2000 IU/L died. Postoperative bleeding was greater in the nonsurvivor group (3327 ± 2106 vs 1428 ± 643 mL, p 〈 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including the described pre- and intraoperative factors identified only serum cholinesterase concentration (F = 9.18) as significant. Conclusions A low value of preoperative serum cholinesterase (〈 2,000 IU/L) is thought to be the predictor of prognosis after open heart surgery in patients with severe posthepatitis and congestive liver dysfunction. operative factors (cardiopulmonary time in posthepatitis liver dysfunction and postoperative bleeding in the congestive liver dysfunction) also influenced the prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé But: La clairance maximale du vert d'indocyanine (ICG Rmax) est peut être un des paramètres les plus importants pour mesurer la fonction hépatique. La méthode utilisée pour l'analyser, cependant, comporte des imperfections et on obtient une valeur anormale chez environ 15% des patients. Nous avons trouvé une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer l'ICG Rmax en utilisant un instrument dit de «clairomètrie» (RK-1000 de Sumitomo Co Japon) qui mesure continuellement la concentration de l'ICG par un senseur optique en forme de bout de doigt. Patients: Vingt patients ont été examinés. Les diagnostics histologiques étaient comme suit: foie normal: 10; cirrhoses, 6; hépatite: 4. Méthodes et Résultats. Les concentrations d'ICG ont été mesurées in vivo continuellement avec le RK-1000. Pour obtenir la Rmax selon le modèle de Michaelis-Menten, la concentration en ICG dans le compartiment VLDL a été soustraite des valeurs obtenues par le RK-1000, car l'ICG se lie à de différentes protéines sériques et son taux de clairance différe de celle des autres compartiments protéiques. La vitesse de clairance a été calculée et une courbe de Michaelis a été établie. Puis on a calculé la Rmax à partir du réciproque de l'intersection de l'axe Y de la courbe Lineweaver-Burk. La Rmax des sujets ayant une maladie hépatique était significativement plus bas que celle des sujet ayant un foie normal. Conclusion: Notre nouvelle méthode de mesure la Rmax avec la RK-100 est un reflet fidèle de l'activité hépatique.
    Abstract: Resumen [Objetivo] La tasa máxima de remoción del verde indocianino (ICG Rmax) es considerada como un parámetro importante de función hepática. Sin embargo, el método de análisis tiene ciertas fallas lo cual resulta en valores anormales en alrededor del 15% de los pacientes. Hemos desarrollado un nuevo método de medición de ICG Rmax mediante un “clearance meter” (RK 1000; Sumitomo Co., Japan), que mide en forma continua la concentración de ICG utilizando un sensor óptico que se aplica sobre la punta del dedo. [Pacientes] Se analizaron 20 pacientes y el diagnóstico histológico fue: normal, 10; cirrosis, 6; hepatitis, 4. [Métodos y resultados] La concentración de ICG fue medida in vivo en forma continua con el RK-1000. Para obtener el Rmax por el modelo Michaelis-Menten, se sustrajo la concentración de ICG en el compartimiento VLDL de los valores obtenidos mediante el RK-1000, porque el ICG se liga con varias proteínas séricas y su rata de remoción en el compartimiento VLDL difiere de la de otros compartimientos proteicos. La velocídad de remoción fue calculada y se construyó un nomograma de Michaellis. El Rmax fue calculado a partir de la intersección Y en un nomograma de Lineweaver-Burk. El Rmax en individuos con enfermedad hepática fue significativamente más bajo que en aquellos con higado normal. [Conclusión] Nuestro nuevo método de medir ICG Rmax con el RK-1000 refleja en forma apropiada el estado de la función hepática.
    Notes: Abstract The maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG Rmax) is considered to be an important parameter of hepatic function. However, the method of analysis has some flaws, and an abnormal value is obtained for about 15% of patients. We developed a new method of measuring the ICG Rmax with a clearance meter (RK-1000) that continuously measured the ICG concentration using a fingertip optical sensor. Twenty patients were examined. The histologic diagnosis was as follows: normal for 10, cirrhosis in 6, hepatitis in 4. The ICG concentration was measured in vivo continously with the RK-1000. To obtain the Rmax by the Michaelis-Menten model, the ICG concentration in the VLDL compartment was subtracted from the values obtained by the RK-1000 because ICG binds to various serum proteins and its rate of removal in the VLDL compartment differs from that in other protein compartments. The removal velocity was calculated and a Michaelis plot obtained. Then Rmax was calculated from the reciprocal of the y-intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Rmax in subjects with liver disease was signficantly lower than in those with normal liver. It is concluded that our new method of measuring ICG Rmax with the RK-1000 reflects liver function appropriately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Alterations of the left atrial/right atrial pressure gradient were determined using a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter in 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum (LAP) and 13 patients who underwent minilaparotomy cholecystectomy (MINI). Right and left atrial pressures were both elevated by pneumoperitoneum. A diminished or reversed left/right interatrial pressure gradient was recognized during pneumoperitoneum in 4 of the 20 patients (20%) in the LAP group, whereas it was not recognized during operation in any of the 13 patients in the MINI group. Evaluation of the elevation of intrathoracic pressure during pneumoperitoneum using peak inspiratory airway pressure or pulmonary arterial pressure could not predict the occurrence of this paradoxical interatrial pressure gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of pneumoperitoneum on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were evaluated during laparoscopic operation for esophageal achalasia. Intraoperative manometry was performed in three patients who underwent laparoscopic cardiomyectomy with Dor’s fundoplication and five patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The LES pressure and the length of the high-pressure zone (HPZ) did not change during pneumoperitoneum in either the achalasia and the LC group. In the achalasia group the LES pressure was sufficiently decreased following completion of cardiomyectomy, and the length of the HPZ was found to be sufficiently long after completion of fundoplication. The postoperative courses of the achalasia patients were uneventful, and they have had no symptoms of achalasia or gastroesophageal reflux since the operation. Accordingly, intraoperative manometry during 12 mmHg pneumoperitoneum was considered to be available for laparoscopic surgery for esophageal achalasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: circulatory assist ; cardiogenic shock ; percutaneous cardiopulmonary support ; ventricular assist system ; Dennis method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A percutaneous left ventricular assist system (PLVAS) using a modification of the Dennis method was developed and implemented in 8 patients. Transseptal cannulation was performed under biplane fluoroscopy and/or transesophageal echocardiogram without encountering any problems. All the patients were in a state of severe cardiogenic shock, caused by acute myocardial infarction in 5, cardiomyopathy in 2, and postcardiotomy in 1, and were on intraaortic balloon pump support and/or percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS), in the form of partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Three patients who developed concomitant right heart failure required additional PCPS. All the patients were supported at 3.0 to 4.0l/min for 76–284h for an average time of 159h. Three patients were successfully weaned from PLVAS and one of these patients, who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction, was discharged from hospital. The complications directly related to this system were minimal. Our observations led to the conclusion that PLVAS using our modification of the Dennis method is a simple, easy, and safe means of maintaining adequate systemic circulation in severely ill patients. As PLVAS is particularly effective for patients in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction, we believe that it will be applied routinely by many cardiac surgeons and cardiologists in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words: lung cancer ; second primary cancer ; multiple primary cancer ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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