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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The quantitative autoradiographic L-[1–14C]leucine method for the determination of regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis in vivo takes into account recycling of unlabeled leucine derived from protein degradation into the precursor pool for protein synthesis. We have evaluated the degree of recycling by measuring the ratio of the apparent steady-state leucine specific activity in the precursor amino acid pool (tRNA-bound leucine) to that in the arterial plasma. In the whole brain of the conscious rat this ratio (λWB) equals 0.58. The equivalent ratio for leucine in the acid-soluble pool in whole brain (ΨWB) is 0.49. A first-degree polynomial equation for λWB as a function of ΨWB was fitted from paired determinations. To determine the degree of recycling in local regions of the brain, we have measured in individual brain regions (i) Ψi and calculated λi assuming that the fitted equation also applies to these localized regions. Our results indicate that the degree of recycling into the precursor pool does vary regionally; λi in the individual regions varies from 0.62 in the hypoglossal nucleus to 0.50 in the globus pallidus. Local rates of protein synthesis were then determined by the autoradiographic technique with regional corrections for recycling of unlabeled leucine. Rates of leucine incorporation into protein averaged 6.1 nmol/g of tissue/min in the brain as a whole, with the rates in gray matter about twice those in white matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : “Flooding” amino acid pools with high doses of labeled amino acids of low specific activity has been proposed to minimize the effects of recycling of amino acids derived from protein degradation on the specific activity of the amino acid precursor pool for protein synthesis. We have examined the influence of recycling on the precursor pool for protein synthesis under conditions in which plasma valine concentrations were normal (0.19 mM) and “flooded” (10-28 mM) by comparing the steady-state specific activity of the tRNA-bound valine with that of the plasma valine. Under normal and “flooding” conditions, the relative contributions of valine from protein degradation to the precursor pool were 63 and 26%, respectively; “flooding” with a plasma level of 28 mM raised the brain acid-soluble pool level to 3.1 mM but was no more effective in decreasing the relative contribution of valine from protein degradation to the precursor pool than “flooding” with a plasma level of 17 mM valine, which raised the brain acid-soluble level only to 2.3 mM. The results of these studies show that “flooding” amino acid pools does indeed reduce the effect of recycling on the precursor amino acid pool for protein synthesis, but it does not totally eliminate it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In response to axonal injury, noradrenergic sympathetic neurons of the adult superior cervical ganglion (SCG) alter their neurotransmitter phenotype. These alterations include increases in the levels of the neuropeptides, galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and substance P (SP) and a decrease in the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Previous studies have indicated that after axotomy in vivo, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an important role in increasing the contents of galanin and VIP in the SCG. In the present study, by examining the time courses of the changes in LIF and neuropeptide mRNA and by using LIF null mutant mice, we have determined that LIF alters neuropeptide content in part by increasing levels of peptide mRNA. In addition, LIF also makes a small contribution to the axotomy-induced down-regulation of mRNA encoding TH and neuropeptide Y, both of which are normally expressed at high levels in the SCG. Finally, by using a LIF-blocking antiserum, this cytokine was found to regulate SP expression in an in vitro axonal injury model. Thus, after axotomy, a single factor, LIF, participates in the down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in normal neurotransmission and the up-regulation of a group of neuropeptides normally not present in the SCG that may be involved in regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4446-4447 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diamond films were deposited on ZnO:Al thin-film silica substrates by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Ultrasonic irradiation in a diamond suspension enhanced the diamond nucleation density on a ZnO:Al-silica substrate. The nucleation density and the growth rate of diamond film deposited on ZnO:Al thin film is higher than on the silica. The cracks on a ZnO:Al-silica substrate occurred during the diamond deposition process. It is proposed that the cracks were caused by the stress in ZnO:Al film and diamond film, and the peak frequency shift of the Raman line of diamond indicates the presence of compressive stress in the diamond film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 7 (1991), S. 1689-1694 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 2105-2109 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 2149-2151 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the O 1s and Si 2p lines in films of the SiOx system have been interpreted on the basis of continuous random network models. Fitting of the spectra to five lines corresponding to five silicon centered tetrahedral configuration yields the relative proportion of each configuration as a function of x. The distributions agree neither with the random mixture model nor with the random bond model (RBM). The total oxygen in the films exceeds the amount of oxygen in the tetrahedral structures indicating the presence of molecular oxygen, water, peroxy bonding, or other forms of oxygen not bonded to silicon. The general features of the distributions can be explained on the basis of silicon clusters, nonbridging oxygen, and the RBM. This conclusion implies that reactive evaporation with oxygen may result in material that is not as fully oxidized as might be expected on the basis of the oxygen content of the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 5915-5919 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure and magnetoresistance of the polycrystalline La1−xLixMnO3 (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30) are investigated. The result of the Rietveld refinement of x-ray powder diffraction shows that the room temperature structural transition from rhombohedral (R3¯C) to orthorhombic (Pbnm) symmetry occurs at the Li-doped level x≥0.2. Accompanying the occurrence of the structural transition, the lattice distortion and the bending of the Mn–O–Mn bond increase and the ferromagnetic transition temperature TC decreases. For x=0.10 and 0.15 samples, double metal–insulator (M–I) transitions accompanying a single ferromagnetic transition and a negative magnetoresistance as high as 26% in a magnetic field of 0.8 T are observed. For x=0.20 and 0.30, the samples manifest nonmetallic behavior throughout the measured temperature range. We suggest that the double M–I transitions phenomena of low Li-doped samples originate from the magnetic inhomogeneity due to the formations of the Mn3+ and Mn4+-rich regions induced by partial substitution of the monovalent Li1+ ions for the trivalent La3+ ions. The transport property of high Li-doped samples (x=0.20 and 0.30) can be explained according to the additional localization of eg electrons induced by a static coherent Jahn–Teller distortion of the MnO6 octahedra stemming from the structural transition from rhombohedral (R3¯C) to orthorhombic (Pbnm) and the reduced bandwidth of eg electrons due to the increased bending of the Mn–O–Mn bond. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we discuss the use of the total angular momentum representation in the close coupling-wave packet (CCWP-J) method for solving the time dependent Schrödinger equation for inelastic, nonreactive gas phase atom–diatom collisions. This enables the wave packet propagation for the relative motion to be reduced from three dimensions to one. The approach utilizes a close coupling expansion of the wave packet into subpackets labeled by quantum numbers for total angular momentum J, z-component of angular momentum m0, rotor angular momentum j, and orbital angular momentum l. The number of coupled subpackets is less than the number for the plane wave boundary condition CCWP method when J〈jmax and they are equal when J≥jmax. The present method requires solving for the time evolution of such coupled subpackets for 0≤J≤jmax +lmax, where lmax is the largest orbital angular momentum for which significant scattering occurs. However, the number of grid points required in the fast Fourier transform portion of the evolution of the wave packet will be far fewer since only a 1D FFT transform is required in the present version of the CCWP-J. All the other attractive features of the CCWP method are common to both the total angular momentum and plane wave representation versions of the CCWP; namely, results are obtained over the range of energies included in the initial packet, the labor scales as the number of rotor states squared, and standard approximation methods may be used in conjunction with the formalism. We also present the l-labeled coupled states or centrifugal sudden wave packet (CSWP) formalism as an example approximate version of this approach. The CCWP-J method is illustrated by application to a model atom–diatom collision problem. The extension to treat collisions involving a vibrating rotor is given in an Appendix. Finally, we compare features of the CCWP-J and CSWP with standard close coupling, CS approximation, and the plane wave basis CCWP methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first probe measurements of edge turbulence and transport in a neutral beam induced high confinement mode (H-mode) are reported. A strong negative radial electric field is directly observed in H-mode. A transient suppression of normalized ion saturation and floating potential fluctuation levels occurs at the low confinement mode to high confinement mode (L–H) transition, followed by a recovery to near low mode (L-mode) levels. The average poloidal wave number and the poloidal wave-number spectral width are decreased, and the correlation between fluctuating density and potential is reduced. A large-amplitude coherent oscillation, localized to the strong radial electric field region, is observed in H-mode but does not cause transport. In H-mode the effective turbulent diffusion coefficient is reduced by an order of magnitude inside the last closed flux surface and in the scrape-off layer. The results are compared with a heuristic model of turbulence suppression by velocity-shear stabilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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