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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Th1/Th2 profile in peripheral blood in atopic cough and atopic asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophilic tracheobronchitis with cough hypersensitivity, abbreviated as atopic cough, is an important cause of chronic cough. The reason for the absence of airway hyper-responsiveness is unknown, differing from asthma, a Th2 cytokine-mediated disorder.Objective To compare the type 1 helper T cell (Th1)/Th2 balance in the peripheral blood from subjects with atopic cough and atopic asthma, we assessed the intracellular cytokine production at the single-cell level.Methods Thirty-six subjects (10 patients with atopic cough, 18 with atopic asthma, and eight control subjects) were included. Intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected in CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry.Results A significantly lower ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells after phorbol 12-myristate acetate/ionomycin stimulation was found in patients with atopic cough and atopic asthma compared with normal subjects. In comparison between atopic patients, the ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing cells was significantly higher in atopic cough than in atopic asthma. However, the proportion of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in patients with atopic asthma than in normal control subjects and no significant difference was detected between patients with atopic cough and normal subjects. No significant difference in the proportion of IFN-γ-producing cells was found between the subjects. Overall, the total IgE levels were positively correlated to the IL-4-producing cells and inversely correlated to the ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing cells.Conclusion These results show the lower degree of Th2 cytokine predominance in atopic cough compared with atopic asthma and suggest the relation between the Th1/Th2 balance and atopic status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01578.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of cAMP-Response Element Binding Protein in Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF)-Induced Down-Regulation of CRF Receptor 1 Gene Expression in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a major secretagogue of adrenocorticotopic hormone from the anterior pituitary and a key activator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We previously reported that CRF down-regulates expression of the CRF type-1 receptor (CRF-R1) mRNA in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. The present study was conducted to clarify the signal transduction systems involved in CRF-induced down-regulation of CRF-R1 gene expression in the anterior pituitary. Northern blot analysis revealed that, under serum-free conditions, 10 nM CRF decreased CRF-R1 mRNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells as we reported previously. Treatment with 5 mM 8-Br-cAMP reduced CRF-R1 mRNA levels within 2 h. The mRNA level fell to 37±3% of the basal level at 2 h and remained low for 16 h after treatment. This CRF-induced reduction of CRF-R1 mRNA expression was inhibited completely by pretreatment with protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (1 µM H-89). Further examination revealed that after pretreatment with 10 µM of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide for cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB), the CRF-induced inhibition of CRF-R1 mRNA was partially decreased to 79±4% of the control level 2 h after administration of CRF. These findings indicate that CRF may down-regulate CRF-R1 mRNA expression via a cAMP-PKA-mediated mechanism in rat anterior pituitary cells, and that CREB may mediate at least a portion of this inhibitory effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00816.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migratory Patterns of Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes into Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue of Immunized Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Lung 178 (2000), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: BALT—Thoracic duct lymphocytes—High endothelial venule (HEV)—Migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lymphocytes continuously circulate between the bloodstream and lymphoid organs, and their migration into lymphatic tissues presumably occurs through selective mechanisms. Although bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is known as an inductive tissue of the common mucosal immune system, little is known about how effectively the lymphocytes in the blood vessels migrate into the BALT, thereby enabling the BALT to act as an effector tissue in the immunologic responses of the lungs. To analyze whether or not thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from immunized and nonimmunized rats possess different migratory patterns to the BALT, 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–labeled TDL were injected into rats with BALT hyperplasia that was produced by intratracheal administration of TNP-KLH, and then the number of labeled cells in the BALT were examined by immunohistochemical methods. We studied the following three groups at 12 h after the injection: group A, intraintestinally immunized donors and intratracheally immunized recipients; group B, nonimmunized donors and intratracheally immunized recipients; group C (control group), nonimmunized donors and nonimmunized recipients. Time course studies 0.5, 4, 12, and 24 h after the injection were done in groups A and C. In a cytokinetic study, larger numbers of CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were found at 12 h and 24 h in group A than in group C. At 12 h after the injection, the absolute number of CFSE-labeled lymphocytes per BALT was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p 〈 0.05), and was lowest in group C. Histologically, there was a marked proliferation of high endothelial venules (HEV), with findings of adhesion and influx of lymphocytes inside the HEV in group A. These observations indicate that the immunized BALT actively recruits immunized TDL through a specific mechanism of lymphocyte-endothelium recognition in HEV, which partially explains the process of BALT development as an effector tissue for local immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004080000033
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mg-Fe partitioning between silicate spinel and magnesiowüstite at high pressure: experimental determination and calculation of phase relations in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 (2000)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 310-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Element partitioning ; High pressure phase relation ; Mixing property ; Spinel ; Magnesiowüstite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Mg-Fe partitioning experiments between (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 spinel and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite were carried out at pressures of 17–21.3 GPa at temperatures of 1400 and 1600 °C, using a multi-anvil apparatus, in order to determine interaction parameters of spinel and magnesiowüstite solid solutions and also to constrain the equilibrium boundaries of the postspinel transition in the Fe-rich side in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4. The obtained values of the interaction parameters were 3.4 ± 1.5 and 13.9 ± 1.4 kJ mol−1, respectively, for spinel and magnesiowüstite solid solutions at 19 GPa and 1600 °C. The partitioning data in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 at 1400 and 1600 °C showed that the transition boundary between spinel and the mixture of magnesiowüstite and stishovite has a negative dP/dT slope. Using the above interaction parameters and available thermodynamic data of the Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4 end members, the transition boundaries of spinel to the mixture of magnesiowüstite and stishovite were calculated. Within the uncertainties of the data used, the calculated boundaries are in good agreement with the boundaries at 1400 and 1600 °C experimentally determined in this study. The dissociation boundary of Fe2SiO4 spinel to wüstite and stishovite, calculated from the thermodynamic data, has a negative slope of −1.5 ± 0.6 MPa K−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050260
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