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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    BT technology journal 16 (1998), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-1995
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper identifies what is meant by standards and their value in the B-ISDN signalling environment. It goes on to identify the international bodies that are responsible for producing these standards and gives details of their output so far and what their future plans are expected to deliver. Consideration of the various drivers (commercial, technological, regulatory, etc) that have shaped the output and workplan is also given. In addition, there is an examination of the emerging collaborative activity and its value in limiting the potentially vast number of standards and any duplication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    BT technology journal 16 (1998), S. 58-74 
    ISSN: 1573-1995
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper provides a brief description of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) specified access signalling protocol Q.2931 and the supporting layer 2 signalling ATM adaptation layer (SAAL) that provides the release 1 signalling mechanism Digital Signalling System No 2 (DSS2). In addition to identifying the functions that are required to be incorporated in a signalling protocol to support call/connection establishment, in-call control and clear-down for a basic point-to-point call, the extensions required for a point-to-multipoint call are also considered. The paper then considers further extensions that have been produced to enable the negotiation, modification and look-ahead in relation to the connection in order to provide the capability set 2 step 1 DSS2 signalling mechanism. In conclusion, a simple road map to the DSS2 ITU-T standards in provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    BT technology journal 16 (1998), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1573-1995
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The separation of call and bearer to support future teleservices and services in broadband networks is outlined in this paper. Various mechanisms to undertake the separation are overviewed and the method chosen by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is described in detail. A full protocol model for broadband access signalling is derived and explained from the basic steps leading through to the establishment of an association between end-points supporting call control information flows. The call control protocol, currently being developed to establish, maintain and clear a call with more than one connection, is outlined and illustrated by information flows.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Daily energy expenditure ; Daily torpor ; Megachiroptera Thermoregulation ; Tropics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Little is known about torpor in the tropics or torpor in megachiropteran species. We investigated thermoregulation, energetics and patterns of torpor in the northern blossom-bat Macroglossus minimus (16 g) to test whether physiological variables may explain why its range is limited to tropical regions. Normothermic bats showed a large variation in body temperature (T b) (33 to 37 °C) over a wide range of ambient temperatures (T as) and a relatively low basal metabolic rate (1.29 ml O2 g−1 h−1). Bats entered torpor frequently in the laboratory at T as between 14 and 25 °C. Entry into torpor always occurred when lights were switched on in the morning, independent of T a. MRs during torpor were reduced to about 20–40% of normothermic bats and T bs were regulated at a minimum of 23.1 ± 1.4 °C. The duration of torpor bouts increased with decreasing T a in non-thermoregulating bats, but generally terminated after 8 h in thermoregulating torpid bats. Both the mean minimum T b and MR of torpid M. minimus were higher than that predicted for a 16-g daily heterotherm and the T b was also about 5 °C higher than that of the common blossom-bat Syconycteris australis, which has a more subtropical distribution. These observations suggest that variables associated with torpor are affected by T a and that the restriction to tropical areas in M. minimus to some extent may be due to their ability to enter only very shallow daily torpor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 48 (1998), S. 785-789 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Column liquid chromatography ; Supercritical fluid extraction ; Bile acids ; Bovine bile hydrolysates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alternative to conventional liquid extraction has been investigated to conventional liquid extraction has been investigated for the isolation of bile acids (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) from the solid material obtained by bovine bile hydrolysis. Initial studies indicated that bile acids are not soluble in supercritical CO2, consequently the addition of the polar modifier methanol to the CO2 extracting fluid was evaluated. Quantitative recoveries (〉88.5%) were obtained for the bile acids in 20 min with 15% (v/v) methanol in CO2 at 220 atm and 70°C. A comparison of SFE with pyridine extraction was performed on samples of hydrolyzed crude bovine bile. The SFE method yielded recoveries higher than 82.7% compared with conventional liquid extraction. Moreover, SFE minimized sample handling, reduced the consumption of harmful solvents and provided conditions suitable for selective extractions of bile acids from bovine bile raw materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 7 (1998), S. 323-333 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): habitat ; mosaics ; heterogeneity ; fragmentation ; landscape ecology ; modified habitats ; movement patterns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Many species of vertebrates require multiple habitats to obtain different resources at different stages of their life-cycles. Use of habitat mosaics takes place on a variety of spatial and temporal scales, from a daily requirement for adjacent habitats to seasonal use of geographically separated environments. Mosaics of habitats are also required in some species to allow ontogenetic habitat shifts, while in others each sex may have specific requirements that are met by different habitats. The extent and nature of animal movements are key (but generally poorly known) factors affecting the vulnerability of species to landscape change. The requirement by many species for multiple habitats suggests that their conservation will be most effective in a mosaic environment and that protection of certain high profile habitats alone, such as rainforest, will be insufficient to achieve conservation goals. Management regimes that result in homogenization of habitats should be avoided. Priority should be given to research that identifies the extent to which species can locate habitat mosaics, at different spatial scales and arrangements, in modified environments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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