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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threo aryl trifluoromethyl chlorohydrins: synthesis, reactivity, and structure (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 57 (1992), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission studies on metals using picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3291-3296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the quantum efficiency of various metals irradiated by 266-nm, 4.66-eV laser pulses of 10-ps duration. The highest quantum efficiency obtained is 7.25×10−4 with samarium photocathodes. Current densities exceeding 66 and 21 kA/cm2 have been obtained from an area of 0.05 and 7 mm2, respectively. The maximum currents and current densities obtainable in these experiments are limited by the space charge. For surface fields exceeding 5×107 V/m on gold, the efficiency increases linearly with the field for the values investigated. Based on the quantum efficiency and optical damage threshold measurements, current densities exceeding 100 kA/cm2 seem feasible without damaging the photocathode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348550
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nb/Ni and Ni/Nb bilayers on Si: Rapid thermal processing, phase separation, and ternary phase formation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7029-7033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ni/Nb and Nb/Ni bilayers on Si(100), Ni/NbSi2/Si(100) and Nb/Ni/Si/SiO2/Si(100) were produced by rf sputtering and annealed by rapid thermal processing. Thereafter, phase sequence and morphology were deduced by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The first three cases lead to phase separation of the binary compounds NbSi2 and NiSi2. Conversely when SiO2 is used as a buffer to limit the consumption of Si, the ternary phase Nb4Ni4Si7 or Nb4Ni4Si7+NbSi2 can be produced depending on the amount of Ni available. These observations are consistent with the Nb-Ni-Si phase diagram, in which phase separation occurs in a Si-rich environment whereas the ternary phase is stable in a Si-poor environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347642
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Niobium disilicide formation by rapid thermal processing: Resistivity-grain growth correlation and the role of native oxide (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4652-4655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of NbSi2 from Nb/Si(100) is studied using rf sputtering and rapid thermal processing. For a long sputter-etching time (10 min) of the Si substrate, NbSi2 is first formed at 720 °C. The lowest resistivity attained is 38 μΩ cm, one of the best for refractory metal silicides. The variation of the sheet resistance versus annealing temperature is correlated to grain growth. The grain size is deduced from the x-ray coherence length of the NbSi2(111) peak which sharpens and increases in intensity for T(approximately-greater-than)720 °C. For shorter sputter etching time (5 min), NbSi2 only forms above 895 °C. This is attributed to the native oxide at the Si interface. An estimated ternary phase diagram of Nb-Si-O shows that Nb and SiO2 coexist at this temperature. Unlike other refractory metal silicides, oxygen in the Nb film is expelled as the silicide is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346175
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense electron emission due to picosecond laser-produced plasmas in high gradient electric fields (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 888-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Picosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 266 nm have been focused onto a solid metal cathode in coincidence with high gradient electric fields to produce high brightness electron beams. At power densities exceeding 109 W/cm2, a solid density plasma is formed and intense bursts of electrons are emitted from the target accompanied by macroscopic surface damage. An inferred ∼1 μC of integrated charge with an average current of ∼20 A is emitted from a radio-frequency cavity driven at electric field gradients of ∼80 MV/m. In another experiment, where a dc extraction field of ∼6 MV/m is used, we observed an electron charge of ∼0.17 μC. Both results are compared with the Schottky effect and the Fowler–Nordheim field emission. We found that this laser-induced intense electron emission shares many features with the explosive electron emission processes. No selective wavelength dependence is observed in the production of the intense electron emission in the dc extraction field. The integrated electrons give an apparent quantum efficiency of ∼1.2%, which is one of the highest reported to date from metal photocathodes at these photon energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin cast thin films of fullerenes and fluorinated fullerenes: Preparation and characterization by x-ray reflectivity and surface diffuse x-ray scattering (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5248-5250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that high quality thin films of fullerenes (C60) and fluorinated fullerenes can be prepared from solution by the spin coating technique on float glass or silicon wafers. The films were characterized by x-ray reflectivity and diffuse x-ray scattering. A systematic study of films of different thicknesses allows estimation of the distance between the fullerenes spheres to be 10.9±1 A(ring) in our C60 films. The C60 film-air surface is very smooth. Annealing in air above 90 °C leads to an irreversible increase of the film thickness, which is attributed, at present, to oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350583
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of attractive intermolecular forces in the density functional theory of inhomogeneous fluids (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 5441-5447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The density functional theory of Meister and Kroll for nonuniform simple fluids [Phys. Rev. A 31, 4055, (1985)] is modified in order to take into account pair correlations in the attractive energy term. The theory is applied for the calculation of density profiles of argon in the case of the free liquid surface and in the case of adsorption on "solid carbon dioxide.'' For the gas–liquid interface the theory yields dew and bubble densities, which are in good agreement with computer simulations. For the adsorption of argon on solid CO2, the first-order thin-film to thick-film transition is confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational dynamics and orientational melting of C60: A neutron scattering study (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 8631-8633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Well-defined librational excitations have been observed at energies of 2–3 meV in the low temperature ordered phase of solid C60. These relatively high energies imply a stiff orientational potential below the transition. The sharpness of the peaks indicates that this potential does not depend strongly on the axis of the angular displacement. The modes soften and broaden as the temperature approaches that of the orientational melting transition which occurs when the librational amplitude is a considerable fraction of nearest-neighbor interatomic angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462876
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between Born–Green–Yvon solutions and chemical potential for a fluid inside a pore (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 6787-6792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Limiting values of the one-particle background correlation function for inhomogeneous fluids are considered and used as boundary values for the integration of the Born–Green–Yvon equation. For a system of hard spheres in contact with a hard wall different approximations of the pair correlation function are tested with respect to (a) the consistency of the limiting values, (b) the behavior of the background correlation function inside the wall, and (c) the form of the local density in front of the wall. Then the study concentrates on using the Fischer–Methfessel version of the Born–Green–Yvon equation together with the limiting value of the one-particle background correlation function inside the solid for describing density profiles of a fluid inside a pore. Comparison of the results against computer simulations shows quite reasonable agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458948
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical field enhanced multiphoton photoemission in copper mirrors (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1595-1597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoemission from diamond turned copper mirror with laser beams of intensity 1011 W/cm2 at the photon energy of 2 eV and pulse duration of ∼300 fs indicates that the electric field associated with the photons enhances the photoemission. At the optimum incident angle, the electron yield with p-polarized light was 75 times larger than that with s-polarized light and 4 times larger than that at normal incidence for a constant energy. These enhancements were underestimated by the changes in the absorption and were attributed in this letter to the optical field effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110757
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