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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and detection of alignment with high ||m|| selectivity by saturated laser optical pumping in molecular beams (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 286-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe a technique for preparation of molecules in single ||m|| levels involving saturated laser optical pumping on molecular P, R, and Q transitions. This technique is not limited to small rotational quantum numbers j. It allows the determination of the populations of ||m|| levels for arbitrary distribution functions f ( j,m) or alternatively, the determination of all moments of f ( j,m). In principle, this method is able to completely determine the angular distribution of j vectors. Experimental verification of the high ||m||-state purity achieved in Na2 supersonic beams, as well as of inherent limitations due to hyperfine interaction is provided. For illustration, experimental data on laser-induced alignment, the dependence of the flow induced molecular alignment, and on Δm-propensity rules in differential rotationally inelastic scattering are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of Water Content to Textural Characteristics, Water Activity, and Thermal Conductivity of Some Commercial Sausages (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mechanical properties from cyclic low strain testing, texture profile parameters and thermal conductivity were evaluated for 7 types of commercial sausage products ranging in moisture content from 27.7% to 62.4% and aw from 0.857 to 0.993. Hardness, fracturability, the apparent moduli, stress al 20% compression, mechanical hysteresis loss, and strain energy all increased with decreasing moisture level, while springiness and the degree of elasticity decreased. Moisture had no significant effect on cohesiveness. A linear relationship was observed between the aw and the effective mole fraction of water in the brine, the exact nature of which depended on the thermal process which the product had received. Thermal conductivity decreased with decreasing moisture in a linear manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb14238.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Mass Diffusivity of Simple Sugars in Water by the Rotating Disk Method (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rotating disk method is shown to be an accurate method for determining the mass diffusivity of solid food components in liquid solutions. The diffusivities of sucrose and glucose in water were determined to be 0.50 and 0.66 (m2/sec × 109) at 25°C with activation energies of 36.3 and 31.6 kJ/g-mol, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb06655.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Foods by the Thermal Comparator Method (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermal comparator is shown to be a rapid, accurate method for determining the thermal conductivity of liquid foods. Increasing solids content decreased thermal conductivity for apple juice concentrate, orange juice concentrate, and milk samples. Equations for predicting the thermal conductivity of apple juice, orange juice, and milk are shown to be specific for each commodity. A comparison of apple juice and orange juice suggests that qualitative attributes of the solids fraction as well as the quantity present are important in determining thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10499.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neighborly Cubical Polytopes (2000)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 24 (2000), S. 325-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Neighborly cubical polytopes exist: for any n≥ d≥ 2r+2 , there is a cubical convex d -polytope C d n whose r -skeleton is combinatorially equivalent to that of the n -dimensional cube. This solves a problem of Babson, Billera, and Chan. Kalai conjectured that the boundary $\partial C_d^n$ of a neighborly cubical polytope C d n maximizes the f -vector among all cubical (d-1) -spheres with 2 n vertices. While we show that this is true for polytopal spheres if n≤ d+1 , we also give a counterexample for d=4 and n=6 . Further, the existence of neighborly cubical polytopes shows that the graph of the n -dimensional cube, where n\ge5 , is ``dimensionally ambiguous'' in the sense of Grünbaum. We also show that the graph of the 5 -cube is ``strongly 4 -ambiguous.'' In the special case d=4 , neighborly cubical polytopes have f 3 =(f 0 /4) log 2 (f 0 /4) vertices, so the facet—vertex ratio f 3 /f 0 is not bounded; this solves a problem of Kalai, Perles, and Stanley studied by Jockusch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004540010039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branchings in rooted graphs and the diameter of greedoids (1988)
    Springer
    Combinatorica 8 (1988), S. 217-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6912
    Keywords: 05 B 35 ; 05 c 20 ; 68 Q 20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract LetG be a 2-connected rooted graph of rankr andA, B two (rooted) spanning trees ofG We show that the maximum number of exchanges of leaves that can be required to transformA intoB isr 2−r+1 (r〉0). This answers a question by L. Lovász. There is a natural reformulation of this problem in the theory ofgreedoids, which asks for the maximum diameter of the basis graph of a 2-connected branching greedcid of rankr. Greedoids are finite accessible set systems satisfying the matroid exchange axiom. Their theory provides both language and conceptual framework for the proof. However, it is shown that for general 2-connected greedoids (not necessarily constructed from branchings in rooted graphs) the maximum diameter is 2r−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02122803
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of dense and reaction-bonded silicon nitride (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 3041-3086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstracts Some aspects of processing, microstructure and properties of the various types of silicon nitride are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the relationships between powder properties, process conditions, densification and microstructure, as well as the interdependence between microstructure and properties. After summarizing the areas of crystal structure and thermodynamic properties, and processing of the different types of Si3N4, the state-of-the-art of dense and reaction-bonded silicon nitride is given. For both types the formation mechanisms and microstructure, relationships between powder properties, additives (in the case of dense Si3N4), process conditions, and densification and microstructure, as well as data and microstructural effects of various mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties, are outlined. Advanced processing techniques, such as sintering, gas-pressure sintering, post-sintering, and the different routes of hot-isostatic pressing (starting with powder compacts, reaction-bonded Si3N4 or pre-sintered Si3N4 and the resulting properties, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161167
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural aspects of Thermal Stress Resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics. Part III: Improvement of thermal stress resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 16 (1985), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturwechselverhalten hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe - Kenndaten, Gefügeeinfluß, Verbesserung - Teil IIITeil III: Verbesserung des Temperaturwechselverhaltens hochfester ingenieurkeramischer WerkstoffeIn den Teilen I und II dieser Arbeit wurden folgende Schwerpunkte behandelt: Grundlegende Kriterien zur Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe; Kenndaten des Temperaturwechselverhaltens hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe (Thermoschock und zyklische thermische Beanspruchung); und der Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Thermoschockverhalten, wobei dieser Punkt den Einfluß verschiedener Gefügeparameter auf die mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften, die das Thermoschockverhalten im wesentlichen bestimmen, einschließt. Im Teil III dieser Arbeit werden die Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens durch Gefügeoptimierung diskutiert. Die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte der Eigenschaftsverbesserung werden aufgezeigt. Weiterhin wird die Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens durch die Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen dargestellt. Diese Entwicklungsarbeiten basieren auf Überlegungen, wie man einige für das Thermoschockverhalten wichtige Eigenschaften durch Entwicklung neuer Werkstoffe verbessern kann. Hier werden Ergebnisse früherer Arbeiten und neuerer Entwicklungen zusammengefaßt.
    Notes: The main objectives of parts I and II of this paper were: basic criteria for the improvement of thermal shock resistance of engineering ceramics; data about the thermal stress resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics (thermal shock and thermal cycling); and the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation, including the influence of various microstructural variables on the mechanical and thermal properties which mainly control the thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation. In part III of this paper the possibility to improve the thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation by microstructural optimization is demonstrated. This includes a description of the different steps of the improving procedure. Moreover, the improvement of thermal stress resistance by developing advanced composite materials based on theoretical considerations of improving some important properties by microstructural design is outlined. Here the results of previous investigations and of recent developments are summarized.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19850160307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural aspects of Thermal Stress Resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics.Extended contribution given at the international meeting “Advanced Ceramics” in Tokyo on October 13 and 14, 1983 Part I: Data of thermal stress resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 16 (1985), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturwechselverhalten hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe - Kenndaten, Gefügeeinfluß, VerbesserungTeil I: Kenndaten des Temperaturwechselverhaltens hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe.Aufbauend auf den Kriterien zur Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens werden zwei Gefügeaspekte diskutiert: Der Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Thermoschockverhalten und die Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens auf der Basis mikrostruktureller Überlegungen. In diesem Rahmen weden zunächst einmal Kenndaten des Temperaturwechselverhaltens (für Thermoschockbeanspruchung und für zyklische thermische Langzeitbeanspruchung) verschiedener hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe präsentiert.Anhand der zwei Werkstoffe, dichtes und poröses reaktionsgesintertes Si3N4, wird der Einfluß verschiedener Gefügeparameter auf die mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften, die das Thermoschockverhalten bestimmen, diskutiert und de Zusammenhang mit dem Thermoschockverhalten dargestellt. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, wie das Thermoschockverhalten durch Gefügeoptimierung verbessert werden kann. Einige Beispiele für die Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens durch die Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen werden gegeben.Die Arbeit ist in 3 Teile gegliedert: Teil I Kenndaten des Temperaturwechselverhaltens hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe. Teil II: Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Thermoschockverhalten hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe. Teil III: Verbesserung des Temperaturwechselverhaltens hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe.
    Notes: Based on the criteria for the improvement of thermal shock resistance mainly two microstructural aspects of thermal stress resistance are discussed: First, the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation, and second, the improvement of thermal shock resistance on the basis of microstructural considerations. In this connection, data of thermal stress resistance (thermal shock and thermal cycling) of various engineering ceramic materials are presented. Using laboratory grades with well-defined microstructures the interdependence between various microstructural variables and the mechanical and thermal properties, which control the thermal shock resistance, is discussed and the relation to thermal shock resistance is outlined by the example of the two materials, dense and porous reaction-bonded Si3N4. Moreover, the improvement of thermal shock resistance by microstructural optimization is demonstrated. Some examples of the improvement of thermal stress resistance by developing advanced composite materials are given.The paper is divided into three parts: Part I: Data of Thermal Stress Resistance of High-Strength Engineering Ceramics Part II: Influence of Microstructure on Thermal Shock Resistance of High-Strength Engineering Ceramics Part III: Improvement of Thermal Stress Resistance of High-Strength Engineering Ceramics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19850160105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural aspects of Thermal Stress Resistance of high-strength engineering ceramics Part II: Influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance of high-strength engineering ceramicsExtended contribution given at the international meeting “Advanced Ceramics” in Tokyo on October 13 and 14, 1983 (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 16 (1985), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturwechselverhalten hochfester ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe - Kenndaten, Gefügeeinfluß, Verbesserung Teil II: Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Thermoschockverhalten hochfester ingenieurkeramischer WerkstoffeIm Teil I dieser Arbeit wurden zunächst grundlegende Kriterien zur Verbesserung des Thermoschockverhaltens ingenieurkeramischer Werkstoffe zusammengefaßt. Weiterhin wurden Kenndaten des Thermoschockverhaltens und der zyklischen thermischen Langzeitbeanspruchung aufgeführt. Im Teil II dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluß des Gefüges auf das Thermoschockverhalten diskutiert. Dieser Punkt beinhaltet auch die Diskussion des Einflusses verschiedener Gefügeparameter auf die mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften, die im wesentlichen das Thermoschockverhalten bestimmen. Diese Zusammenhänge werden für Al2O3, insbesondere aber am Beispiel des dichten und porösen reaktionsgesinterten Si3N4 aufgezeigt. Zusätzlich werden einige andere Faktoren, die das Thermoschockverhalten beeinflussen, erläutert: Der Einfluß der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Eigenschaften auf die Gefügeabhängigkeit des Thermoschockverhaltens, sowie der Einfluß der Streuung der Ausgangsfestigkeit auf das Festigkeitsverhalten nach dem Thermoschock.
    Notes: In part I of this paper basic criteria for the improvement of thermal shock resistance of engineering ceramics were summarized. Moreover, data were presented about thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation and about thermal cycling behaviour of high-strength engineering ceramics. In this part the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation is discussed. This subject also includes the discussion of the influence of various microstructural variables on the mechanical and thermal properties which mainly control the thermal shock resistance to fracture initiation. These relations are demonstrated with Al2O3, but in particular by the example of dense and porous reactionbonded Si3N4. Furthermore, some other factors affecting thermal shock resistance are outlined: the influence of temperature dependence of properties on the microstructural effects on thermal shock resistance, and the influence of data scatter of the initial strength on the strength behaviour after thermal shock.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19850160206
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