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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS FOR DEPENDENT DATA (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: : Simulation and analytical results show that ignoring serial dependence can have serious effects on the performance of the t, sign, and Wilcoxen tests. In particular, the true significance levels of these tests are altered significantly from the intended nominal levels. Modifications for these tests are given and shown to have the correct significance levels. Furthermore, an estimate of serial correlation is suggested for binary data and evaluated by simulation. An application to the toxic contaminants data from the Niagara River concludes the paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00901.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of autocorrelation in a binary time series (1988)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 2 (1988), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Binary data ; censored observations ; autocorrelations ; acid rain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The properties of the well known estimator of the transition probabilities in a binary time series are investigated. A formula for the variance is obtained, which generally involves a double integral. However, in the case when the binary series is obtained by hard clipping of an AR(1) process, a good and fairly simple approximation is derived. In the MA(1) or MA(2) case exact formulae for the variance is given. In the appendix an excellent approximation to the fourth order cumulant of a clipped AR(1) process is derived, which may be of interest in other applications as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544195
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 17 (1991), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399292
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An overview of the acidification of lakes in Atlantic Canada (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 17 (1991), S. 323-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of water chemistry from a sample of lakes (≃1300) in Atlantic Canada has indicated that lakes in geologically sensitive portions of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland have been acidified due to the combined effects of natural organic acids and anthropogenically derived mineral acids. Principal component analysis of six measured variables (pH, Ca, Conductance, SO inf4 sup* , Alkalinity, Colour) and one computed variable (Alk/Ca*+Mg*) for each province result in four components which retain at least 89% of the original variability. Cluster analysis of the four principal components resulted in 6 lake groups for New Brunswick and 8 groups for Nova Scotia and 7 groups for Newfoundland. Geographic ordination of these clusters indicates that there is good correspondence between cluster group and the underlying bedrock geology of the region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399312
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of water quality changes along a river system (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 219-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Water quality monitoring networks are generally multi-purpose, and thus the data generated are expected to provide information on a set of objectives. Two questions that are fundamental to these objectives are the detection of long term trends and of differences between locations. The extent to which these questions can be answered and the types of statistical methods which can be used are considered in a case study of conventional parameters sampled monthly for nine years. Regression and nonparametric methods, which explicitly account for seasonality, are compared for both the determination of change over time and of differences between locations. Changes over time in the form of step changes and differences between locations which depend upon season were found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406963
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. vii 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406948
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trend evaluation of water quality parameters in the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 205-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Physical and chemical (nutrients and major ions) indicators of water quality monitored by Environment Canada between 1977 and 1987 in the Niagara River at Niagara-on-the-Lake and in the St. Lawrence River at Wolfe Island are analyzed for seasonal and annual variations. Parametric methods such as moving averages and linear regression and nonparametric methods (Spearman's rank coefficient) are used to test for the existence of trends in these data. The results indicate that specific conductivity, sodium and chloride have decreased significantly over the period of study. During the same period there is no significant trend for either discharge and nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406962
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coliform concentrations in Lake Erie — 1966 to 1970 (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 133-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): coliform ; spatial and temporal distribution ; statistical analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Total coliform concentrations obtained from cruises of Lake Erie, conducted from the Canada Centre for Inland Waters between 1966 and 1970, have been analysed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of total coliforms in the lake. Although year to year comparisons were made on a qualitative level due to the limitations in the data, some consistent seasonal features of the spatial distribution are evident. The location of zones of higher concentration have been attributed to proximity to large urban areas and lake currents. The contribution of fecal coliforms to the total coliform concentration has been examined with the conclusion that, at the low total coliform concentrations (⩽ 30 per 100 ml) observed in much of the lake, there is no relationship between the two concentrations but, over a broader range, fecal coliforms increase with total coliform concentrations and, at very high total coliform concentrations (⩾1000 per 100 ml), fecal coliforms are always present. The analysis demonstrates 1) the value of examining observed and fitted distributions to compare subsets of a large collection of data and 2) a clustering procedure which is generally applicable to data consisting of counts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008626
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design and model based inferences with applications to acidification of lakes in eastern Canada (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 23 (1992), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The design and model based approaches for making inferences about the number of lakes affected by acidic deposition and the chemical characteristics of aquatic resources at risk are described. In many instances when the lakes in the sample are selected for convenience without any randomization, the model based approach continues to provide valid inferences about the population of lakes. The performances of the two approaches are compared using a small population of 177 lakes which are located in southern Quebec. Examples from the Canadian acid rain monitoring program in the Atlantic provinces are also given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406965
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Statistical inference from multiply censored environmental data (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 17 (1991), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Maximum likelihood estimation for multiply censored samples are discussed. Approximate confidence intervals for the lognormal mean are obtained using both Taylor expansion method and direct method. It is shown that the direct method performs noticeably better than the Taylor expansion method. Simulation results and applications are provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399313
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