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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The making of symbiont capsule in the plataspid stinkbug Megacopta punctatissima (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In stinkbugs of the family Plataspidae, adult females deposit small brownish particles, containing specific symbiotic bacteria inside, on the underside of their egg mass. Newborn nymphs ingest the content of the unique structure, called “symbiont capsule”, whereby vertical transmission of the symbiont occurs. We investigated the fine structure and the formation process of the symbiont capsule in the Japanese common plataspid stinkbug, Megacopta punctatissima, by using light and electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that (i) the capsule consists of three structural components, namely “symbionts”, “matrix” and “envelope”; (ii) the posterior midgut of adult females is characterized by several specific sections with peculiar anatomical traits, including “thin crypt-bearing midgut (TCM) section”, “swollen crypt-bearing midgut (SCM) section” and “brownish enlarged midgut (BEM) end section”; (iii) the different capsule components, symbionts, matrix and envelope, are produced and/or supplied by the specialized midgut sections, TCM, SCM and BEM, respectively; and (iv) the capsule components are stored in BEM and excreted during oviposition to produce the symbiont capsules. These results strongly suggested that the host insect incurs a substantial cost for the symbiont transmission. Ecological and evolutionary implications of the highly developed, female-specific system for symbiont transmission were discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.06.002
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Screening for basidiomycetous fungi capable of degrading 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 213 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We devised a screening method to obtain basidiomycetous fungi capable of degrading dioxins. About 200 fungal strains were selected from more than 1500 strains by their ability to decolorize Remazol brilliant blue R dye as an indicator. To attempt to eliminate the factor of dioxin sorption by mycelia, we prepared two series of living cultures exposed either long term or short term to 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD), and compared the decreases in the levels of this chemical. In only 11 strains was there a significant difference between the two treatments. We chose Panellus stypticus strain 99-334 as a new, effective dioxin degrader, because it gave a close to 100% decrease in 2,7-DCDD levels (from an initial concentration of 10 μM) after 40 days of exposure. The detection of a metabolic intermediate (1-chloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzene) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis supported the ability of this strain to degrade 2,7-DCDD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11308.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endosymbiosis of Aphids with Microorganisms: a Model Case of Dynamic Endosymbiotic Evolution (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 9 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Almost all aphids harbor prokaryotic intracellular symbionts in the cytoplasm of mycetocytes, huge cells in the abdomen specialized for this purpose. The aphids and their intracellular symbionts are in close mutualistic association and unable to live without their partner. The intracellular symbionts of various aphids are of a single origin; they are descendants of a prokaryote that was acquired by the common ancestor of the present aphids. The date of establishment of the symbiotic association is estimated to be 160–280 million years ago using 16S rRNA molecular clock calibrated by aphid fossils. Molecular phylogeny indicates that the intracellular symbiont belongs to a group of gut bacteria, suggesting the possibility that it was derived from a gut microbe of aphids. While the in-tracellular symbionts are universal and highly conserved amongst aphids, other types of symbiotic microorganisms are also present. In various aphids, bacterial “secondary” intracellular symbionts are found in addition to the standard symbionts. They are thought to be acquired many times in various lineages independently. Some Cerataphidini aphids do not have intracellular symbiotic system but harbor yeast-like extracellular symbionts in the hemocoel. In a lineage of this group, symbiont replacement from intracellular prokaryote to extracellular yeast must have occurred. The diversity of the endosymbiotic system of aphids illuminates a dynamic aspect of endosymbiotic evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1994.tb00095.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence of Chaperonin 60 and Chaperonin 10 in primary and secondary bacterial symbionts of aphids: Implications for the evolution of an endosymbiotic system in aphids (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 568-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Aphids ; Endosymbiosis ; Symbionin ; Chaperonin 60 ; Chaperonin 10 ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary symbiont ; Secondary symbiont ; Endosymbiotic evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary All aphids harbor symbiotrophic prokaryotes (“primary symbionts”) in a specialized-abdominal cell, the bacteriocyte. Chaperonin 60 (Cpn60, symbionin) and chaperonin 10 (Cpn10), which are high and low molecular weight heatshock proteins, were sought in tissues of more than 60 aphid species. The endosymbionts were compared immunologically and histologically. It was demonstrated that (1) there are two types of aphids in terms of the endosymbiotic system: some with only primary symbionts and others with, in addition, secondary symbionts; (2) the primary symbionts of various aphids are quite similar in morphology whereas the secondary symbionts vary; and (3) irrespective of the aphid species, Cpn60 is abundant in both the primary and secondary symbionts, while Cpn10 is abundant in the secondary symbionts but present in small amounts in the primary ones. Based on these results, we suggest that the primary symbionts have been derived from a prokaryote that was acquired by the common ancestor of aphids whereas the secondary symbionts have been acquired by various aphids independently after divergence of the aphid species. In addition, we point out the possibility that the prokaryotes under intracellular conditions have been subject to some common evolutionary pressures, and as a result, have come to resemble cell organelles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556361
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification and characterization of yeast isolated from indonesian fermented food (1997)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): 18S rDNA analysis ; Indonesian fermented food ; ragi ; tapé ; yeast identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Yeast strains with amylolytic activity were isolated from cassavatapé and its precursor,ragi. they were divided into two groups based on their characteristics: group 1, possessing high amylolytic activity and low ethanol yield; and group 2, possessing low amylolytic activity and high ethanol yield. The major strains of the group 1 were identified asEndomyces fibuliger, and those of group 2 were identified asPichia anomala. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, an isolate fromragi that had a high amylolytic activity was thought to be an undescribed species that was related to the basidiomycetous genera.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461686
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light-induced fruit body formation of an entomogenenous fungusPaecilomyces tenuipes (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cordyceps sp. ; fruit body ; induction by light ; Isaria japonica ; Paecilomyces tenuipes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Asexual fruit body formation of an entomogenous,Paecilomyces tenuipes, on an artificial culture medium was investigated. For the fruit body induction, light/dark condition was important. Illumination by white light in a particular critical period preceded by a dark period induced the fruit bodies. The critical period was identified to be around 6–14 d after inoculation at 20°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463879
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes onOrdus chiayiensis in Tsukuba (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 383-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): identification ; Ordus ; Ordus chiayiensis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ordus chiayiensis isolated from discolored red pine needles is redescribed and illustrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463886
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of two entomopathogenic fungi attackingDiaphorina citri (Homoptera, Psylloidea) in Indonesia (2000)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): biological control ; citrus greening disease ; Diaphorina citri ; Hirsutella citriformis ; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In an attempt to suppress the propagation of citrus greening disease in Indonesia, we explored pathogens ofDiaphorina citri which vectors the disease. At two orange orchards, manyD. citri adults were found to be dead and covered with fungal mycelia. Two fungi,Paecilomyces fumosoroseus andHirsutella citriformis, were consistently isolated from the infected insects. Molecular phylogeny of their 18S rDNA sequences showed that they belong to the ascomycetous clade of the Clavicipitales/Hypocreales, which embraces many entomopathogenic fungi. When healthy adults ofD. citri were inoculated with conidia of theP. fumosoroseus, the insects died within 6 d.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461672
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