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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of Bioactive Polydimethylsiloxane–CaO–SiO2–TiO2 and Poly(tetramethylene oxide)–CaO–TiO2 Hybrids in a Simulated Body Fluid (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–CaO–SiO2–TiO2 and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO)–CaO–TiO2 hybrids form apatite on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid (SBF) and show mechanical properties similar to those of human cancellous bones. In the present study, changes, caused by soaking in SBF, were measured in the mechanical properties of PDMS–CaO–SiO2–TiO2 hybrids with different CaO and TiO2 contents and PTMO–CaO–TiO2 hybrids with different CaO contents. Significant decreases in the strength and strain at failure of the hybrids were observed for the PDMS–CaO–SiO2–TiO2 hybrids with high CaO or TiO2 contents and PTMO–CaO–TiO2 hybrids with a high CaO content after soaking in SBF for 4 w. This indicates that incorporation of a large amount of CaO component into the hybrids should result in the deterioration of the hybrids in the body environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00235.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Modified Calcia–Silica Hybrids with Added Titania (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrolysis and polycondensation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and calcium nitrate, added with tetraisopropyltitanate (TiPT) at a TiPT/(TiPT + TEOS) molar ratio of 0.15, gave a pore- and crack-free transparent monolithic organic-inorganic hybrid material. It was speculated to be composed of a Si–O–Ti–O− network modified with methyl groups, and a Ca2+ ion ionically bonded to the network. The hybrid obtained showed a high apatite-forming ability on its surface in a simulated body fluid that is indicative of high bioactivity, as well as mechanical properties such as bending strength, Young's modulus, and strain at failure, analogous to those of the human cancellous bone. This hybrid material is expected to be useful as a new type of bioactive bone-repairing material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03379.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bonelike Apatite Formation Induced on Zirconia Gel in a Simulated Body Fluid and Its Modified Solutions (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Formation of bonelike apatite on zirconia gel in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations almost equal to those in human blood plasma, in modified SBF solutions to have increased pH values, and modified SBF solutions to have increased concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions has been investigated. The zirconia gel forms apatite on its surface in SBF, indicating that Zr-OH groups, abundant on the gel, act as effective apatite nucleation centers. Apatite formation is accelerated by increases in pH and in the concentration of calcium and phosphate ions, which is explained by an increase in the ionic activity product of the apatite in the SBF. These results suggest that zirconia ceramics may exhibit a bone-bonding ability by forming an apatite layer on their surfaces in the living body when they are modified to have many Zr-OH groups on their surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00955.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Process of Apatite Formation on a Sodium Silicate Glass in Simulated Body Fluid (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The process of apatite formation on the surface of Na2O–SiO2 glass in a body environment was investigated, mainly by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as a function of soaking time in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The glass was found to release Na+ ions via exchange with H3O+ ions in the SBF to form Si—OH groups on its surface. These Si—OH groups induced apatite formation indirectly, by forming calcium silicate and amorphous calcium phosphate. The formation of the calcium silicate and amorphous calcium phosphate is attributed to electrostatic interactions between the Si—OH groups on the glass surface and the calcium and phosphate ions in the SBF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00383.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apatite-Forming Ability of Sodium-Containing Titania Gels in a Simulated Body Fluid (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An essential condition for an artificial material to bond to living bone is the formation of bonelike apatite on its surface in the living body. The bonelike apatite can be reproduced on the bone-bonding material even in an acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations almost equal to those of human blood plasma. In the present study, the dependence of the apatite-forming abilities of sodium-containing titania gels in a SBF on composition and structure is examined. The sodium-containing titania gels are model substances produced on the surface layer of bioactive titanium metal prepared by sodium hydroxide solution and heat treatments. When sodium-containing titania gels are immersed in the SBF, Na+ ions incorporated in the gels are exchanged with the H3O+ ions in the SBF. This ion exchange causes an accompanying increase in the pH of the SBF and increases its ionic activity product, thus providing favorable conditions for apatite nucleation on the surfaces of the gels. Nevertheless, sodium-containing titania gels that do not contain anatase do not form apatite on their surfaces. Independent of the composition, the gels form apatite on their surfaces in the SBF, specifically when they contain anatase. These results imply that the Ti-OH groups on titania, which have been proposed to be responsible for the apatite formation, are effective for apatite nucleation when they are arranged in a specific structural unit based on the anatase structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01122.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus-Implanted Glass for Radiotherapy: Effect of Implantation Energy (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A chemically durable glass that contains a large amount of phosphorus is useful for in situ irradiation of cancers. It can be activated to be a β-emitter with a half-life of 14·3 d by using neutron bombardment. Microspheres of the activated glass that are injected to tumors can irradiate the tumors directly with β-rays without irradiating neighboring normal tissues. In the present study, P+ ions in various doses have been implanted into a pure silica glass in a plate form at 200 keV. Almost all the implanted phosphorus is present in the inner region of the glass rather than in the surface region, taking the form of phosphorus colloids for all the doses in the range of 5 × 1016-1 × 1018 cm-2. A large number of amorphous phosphorus colloid particles with diameters of 10-150 nm are formed in the silica glass that has been implanted with a dose of 1 × 1018 cm-2; these colloid particles are distributed widely in a layer that is centered at a depth of 200-250 nm. All the investigated glasses hardly release any phosphorus and silicon into water at a temperature of 95°C, even after 7 d. A silica glass that has been implanted with P+ ions at 200 keV with a dose of 1 × 1018 cm-2 is believed to be useful as a radiotherapy glass with sufficient phosphorus content and high chemical durability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01817.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bonding of glass ceramics to bone (1989)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 13 (1989), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude montre que la liaison entre les céramiques, contenant de l'apatite et de la wollastonite, et le tissue osseux, varient en fonction de la quantité d'alumine qu'elles contiennent. Nous avons expérimenté trois types de matériaux: AW-GC, AW-6 et AW-AL. Des plaques rectangulaires ont été insérées dans des tibias de lapin. Dix jours plus tard on a découpé, en vue d'examen, un segment d'os autour de la plaque. La charge de rupture par traction a été mesurée. Elle est la plus basse pour le AW-AL et la plus élevée pour le AW-GC (le AW-6 est entre deux) et les chiffres diffèrent significativement l'un de l'autre (P〈0,01). L'interface a été examinée par micro-analyse électronique et radiologique et la zone réactive, la couche riche en calcium et phosphore a été étudiée. Le silicium et le magnésium avaient diminué, le calcium était resté stable et le phosphore avait augmenté. La zone réactive de l'AW-GC était plus large que celle de l'AW-6. Il n'existait pas de couche phopho-calcique entre l'AW-AL et l'os. Il semble que la forte liaison entre la céramique et l'os soit due à la formation d'une importante couche phopho-calcique.
    Notes: Summary In this study the bonding behaviour of glass ceramics, containing apatite and wollastonite, to bone tissue is shown to vary depending on the amount of alumina they contain. We have experimented with three types of material: A·W-GC, AW-6 and AW-AL. Rectangular plates were implanted into the tibiae of rabbits. Ten weeks later a segment of bone around the plate was removed for examination, and the load of breaking by traction (failure load) was measured by an autograph. This was lowest for AW-AL and highest for A·W-GC (with AW-6 in between), and the figures differed significantly from each other (P〈0.01). The interface was examined by a scanning electron micro-analyser and an energy dispersive X-ray micro-analyser (SEM-EPMA) and the reactive zone, the calcium-phosphorus rich layer, was assessed. Silicon and magnesium decreased, the calcium did not change, and the phosphorus increased. The reactive zone of A·W-GC was wider than that of AW-6. A Ca-P rich layer was not present between AW-AL and the bone. It is suggested that the strong bonding between glass-ceramics and bone was made through the formation of the Ca-P rich layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268048
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Study of Osteoconductivity of Bioactive Porous Titanium Metals: Effect of Sodium Removal by Dilute HCl Treatment (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 396-398 (Oct. 2008), p. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a previous study, we have reported that sodium removal by dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) converted the sodium titanate layer on the surface of an alkali-treated porous titanium into titania with a specific structure that has better bioactivity than sodium titanate. We have shown that a porous titanium with this treatment have good osteoinductivity in soft tissue of canines. In the present study, we investigated the effect of this treatment on the osteoconductive abilities of porous bioactive titanium implant in the long term. Three types of surface treatments were applied: (a) no treatment , (b) alkali, hot water, and heat treatment ( conventional treatment: W-AH treatment), and (c) alkali, dilute HCl, hot water, and heat treatment (Na-free treatment: HCl-AH treatment). We then examined the osteoconductivity of the materials implanted in the femoral condyles of Japanese white rabbits at 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The results showed that the bone ingrowth in HCl-AH porous bioactive titanium was significantly higher than in W-AH porous bioactive titanium at 52 weeks. Therefore, sodium removal has a positive effect on the osteoconductivity of the porous bioactive titanium implant in the long term
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/58/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.396-398.353.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological Study of Apatite Formation on NaOH- and Heat-Treated Titanium Metal (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 396-398 (Oct. 2008), p. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface structural change of titanium metal with NaOH and heat treatments and the subsequent soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated by observing cross section of its surface layer by scanning electron microscope. A layer of lathlike phase of sodium hydrogen titanate was formed on the surface of the titanium metal 1 µm in thickness by the NaOH treatment. This was transformed into a layer of lathlike form a little densified of sodium titanate and rutile by the subsequent heat treatment. In SBF, apatite started to precipitate in the interior of the surface lathlike layer, filled the interspaces of the lathlike phases and grew over the surface. This integration of the apatite with the surface lathlike layer might be responsible for the strong bonding of the titanium metal to the living bone
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/58/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.396-398.361.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical Properties of Bioactive Titanium Metal Prepared by Chemical Treatment (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 192-195 (Sept. 2000), p. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/45/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.192-195.227.pdf
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