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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clustering of Micelles in Aqueous Solutions of Tetraoxyethylene-n-octyl Ether (C8E4) As Monitored by Static and Dynamic Light Scattering (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 11557-11562 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100095a042
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic impurities and clusters on Ag, Pd, and Pt surfaces (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5129-5129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The modern STM technique allows to manipulate the structure of small clusters on surfaces and to produce one- or two-dimensional nanostructures. It can be speculated that due to the reduction of coordination number many of these clusters containing transition elements are magnetic. In this paper we will show that small clusters of 3d, 4d, and 5d atoms are magnetic on different substrates. Our calculations are based on density functional theory and a newly developed KKR Green's function method for defects at surfaces. We calculate the magnetic properties of several linear chains (C) and plane islands (I) of 4d and 5d adatoms. In particular we consider linear chains of 2 (dimers, C2), 3 and 4 adatoms (C3 and C4), being oriented in (110) direction, as well as three compact islands with 4, 5, and 9 adatoms (I4, I5, and I9). The moments of the dimers are in general reduced by the interaction in comparison to the moments of single adatoms. In most cases both a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic configuration exist, with the ferromagnetic one being more stable at the end and the antiferromagnetic one at the beginning of the series. For the linear chains quite large moments are obtained, but the behavior with size is nonregular. The large moments obtained for all four chain structures indicate that also infinite chains of these atoms should show appreciable moments. For compact islands (I4, I5, and I9) the hybridization effects within the cluster are even larger. For Ag(001) we find only appreciable moments for the Ru and Rh nanostructures. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361530
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum well states and interlayer coupling: Co/Cu(100) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5638-5640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electronic states that mediate the interlayer exchange coupling and the corresponding coupling strengths are calculated for Co/Cu(100). It is found that some states are strongly confined within the spacer layer. This is shown to lead to a strong RKKY-like coupling, but also to some weak contributions from higher harmonics. Weaker confined states only contribute by a rather weak RKKY coupling. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of new 13CD3F submillimeter-wave laser lines using high resolution infrared spectroscopy (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 877-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high resolution infrared spectrum of 13CD3F has been recorded in the wave number region 820–1350 cm−1 which covers four fundamentals ν2(A1), ν3(A1), ν5(E), and ν6(E). All strong and medium strong vibration-rotation lines have been assigned in terms of a model which treats simultaneously these strongly Coriolis coupled four fundamentals. Fifty-nine upper state parameters have been determined with the least squares method including 4390 infrared transitions as data. The standard deviation of the fit obtained is 0.56×10−3 cm−1. Ground state rotational parameters have been determined using ground state combination differences. Due to strong vibration–rotation interactions a large number of normally forbidden transitions have been observed which have allowed an accurate determination of the ground state axial rotational constant A0 and the centrifugal distortion constant DK0. The results of the analyzed infrared spectrum have made it possible to interpret many new laser emission lines from 13CD3F gas optically pumped with a continuously tunable high pressure pulsed CO2 laser. Making use of the coincidence of the 10 μm P and R branches of CO2 with the ν2, ν3, ν5, and ν6 bands, altogether 151 laser lines of 13CD3F between 10 and 61 cm−1 have been observed. These emission lines have been assigned as rotational transitions within the excited vibrational states and the ground vibrational state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-Induced Shift of the Hexagonal-to-Isotropic Phase Transition in a Lyotropic System Studied by X-ray Reflectivity (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 764-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00003a016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High repetition inboard launch of hydrogen pellets (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2806-2807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The centrifuge hydrogen pellet injection system at ASDEX Upgrade was extended for inboard launching. Successful and efficient inboard pellet refueling was realized up to pellet velocities of about 400 m/s. In order to achieve maximum available pellet particle rates of the system still at the low centrifuge revolution needed in this velocity range, the injector has been modified. Thus, operational conditions have been developed yielding the potential to inject pellets at rather low speed but high repetition rate. Since pellets injected from the inboard are obviously not hampered by the low velocity but show better performance than fast pellets injected from the outside, this scheme seems to allow for an efficient and flexible particle refueling of hot plasmas. The system is now capable of launching pellet series at rates up to 60 Hz at a speed of 240 m/s. With the biggest available pellet size, this enables a pellet particle flux of 2.6×1022/s. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148983
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact gas gun injection system for variable sized solid pellets (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2316-2321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design, construction, and the testbed results for a novel compact gas gun injector for solid diagnostic pellets of different sizes and materials is reported here. The injector was optimized for the diagnostic requirements of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, yielding the possibility of a widely varying deposition profile of ablated material inside the plasma. This allows variation of the pellet velocity and the total number of injected atoms. The use of spherical carbon pellets and different propellant gases (He,N2,H2) results in an accessible velocity range from about 150 m/s to more than 600 m/s and pellet masses from 2×1018 to 1020 atoms. Both the scattering angle (∼1°) and the maximum propellant gas throughput to the tokamak (less than 1016 gas particles) were found to be sufficiently low. The injector provided both high efficiency (≥85%) and high reliability during the whole testbed operation period and also during the first injection experiments performed on ASDEX Upgrade. The pellet velocities achieved for different propellant gas pressures and pellet diameters were analyzed. It was discovered that, although the pellet diameters range from 0.45 to 0.85 times the barrel diameter, the pellet acceleration is mostly caused by gas drag. Pellet velocities in excess of those calculated on the basis of the gas drag model were observed. Additional acceleration that increases with the pellet diameter contrary to the gas drag model may be explained by the influence of the pellet on the gas dynamics in the barrel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144682
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further development of a novel pulling device for crystal growth (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1585-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have proposed a new method that could increase the pulling stroke length in a thermal expansion pulling device used for crystal growth. In this method, the thermal expansion part consists of more than one expansion rod linked by materials with low thermal expansion coefficients. We have constructed an experimental setup to demonstrate the advantage of the new design over the previous one. The measured data showed that the stroke length can be increased by 40% with two expansion rods. Also, a linear temperature dependence of the length was observed, and the reason for this observation was discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1333039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved stop cylinder loading scheme for a centrifuge pellet accelerator (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3744-3746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to perform plasma refueling experiments with cryogenic hydrogen pellets at the midsize tokamak ASDEX Upgrade, a centrifuge injector was developed based on the novel stop cylinder principle. Following the demonstration of excellent performance with this instrument, similar injectors were constructed for two of the world's largest tokamaks, JET and JT-60U. The extended fuel consumption in these tokamaks enforced the employment of continuous extruders instead of a storage cryostat, requiring an increase in pellet temperature from 8 to 14 K. Degradation of the injector performance was found at these higher pellet temperatures due to increased gas evaporation rates but could be eliminated by a revised acceleration scheme. Applying the adapted setup, reliable and stable operation has been realized with JET and JT-60U injectors. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290502
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact strength of cryogenic deuterium pellets for injection into tokamak plasmas (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3736-3743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The technical implementation of the potentially very efficient inboard pellet refueling scheme in tokamaks remains so far restricted to low velocities (v=200–300 m/s) due to the fragile nature of cryogenic D2. One specific problem is practically unavoidable pellet impacts in components of the pellet guiding system: first, in a funneling adaptor installed to cope with the angular scatter of pellets from acceleration devices such as centrifuges and, second, inside variably bent guiding tubes required to access the high field side of the torus. In order to inject pellets at speeds close to those available from the ASDEX Upgrade centrifuge (v≤1200 m/s), knowledge of critical guiding system parameters such as impact angle and speed is needed. In this study design requirements for an optimized guiding scheme are derived by examining grazing incidence pellet impacts on one single and two subsequent flat, rigid plates. The survival of the pellets was found to be determined by the normal impact velocity component. After undergoing two successive collisions under the same angle a critical impact speed of v⊥=40 m/s was detected, permitting incidence angles of up to 2° at v〉1000 m/s. Studying impacts under 1°–6° reflection angles from 0.1° to 0.8° were measured, suggesting a considerable ductility of the D2 ice. This was confirmed in measurements of the plane pellet compression where irreversible deformation was found to set in well below the critical impact speed. Therefore the optimized guiding track geometry is proposed on the basis of an elliptic loop to keep the pellets as close as possible to the track and to guide the pellets through a large number of elastic small angle collisions. This makes also use of the lubricating effect of the vapor film form upon collision between the sliding pellet and the chute. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290497
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