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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indirect evidence suggests that Stenoteuthis oualaniensis is a multiple spawner, a reproductive strategy not reported previously for squid. After spawning once, S. oualaniensis apparently continues to feed, grow, and mature additional oocytes before spawning again. Squid were caught by jigging at night in waters around the main Hawaiian Islands during four cruises from 1981 to 1987. All females from 200 mm mantle length (ML) to at least 318 mm ML were sexually mature, indicating that considerable growth takes place after reaching sexual maturity. Size-frequency analyses of ovarian oocytes revealed continuous egg production throughout adult life. Mature ova are stored in the oviducts, but oviduct fullness is unrelated to body size, indicating repeat spawning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of light in induction of sexual maturation in male Octopus vulgaris has been studied on experimentals reared in the laboratory. Experiments were carried out during January, February and March, the time of the year when females do not breed or are just beginning to breed. Males (20 to 500 g) were artificially illuminated for 8 or 16 h/day or kept in complete darkness. Their gonads were compared with those of wild specimens killed a few hours after capture. In the Mediterranean Sea, under natural conditions, O. vulgaris males of less than 150 g never display sexual maturity; under our experimental conditions, young males from 70 g onwards, illuminated 16 h daily, show gonad development. Males of over 150 g, illuminated 16 h daily, have a larger number of spermatophores than wild specimens of individuals illuminated 8 h daily. O. vulgaris reared in complete darkness are sexually more mature than wild individuals. An hypothesis on induction of sexual maturation in the Cephalopoda is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 8 (1971), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of bottom trawl samples and feeding experiments in the laboratory revealed a reproduction period ranging from late March to early August in Eledone cirrosa of the Catalonian Sea (Western Mediterranean). The embryonic development, studies for the first time on eggs laid in the laboratory, shows no basic difference from that of other Octopodidae. The newly hatched animals are planktonic; morphologically, this feature is expressed by a relatively small arm-length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Respiration and nitrogen excretion rates of mature adult Loligo forbesi were investigated at the Roscoff Laboratory (North Brittany, France) during individual short-term incubation experiments in January 1986. The squids were in post-digestive condition and not actively swimming. Both oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion are continuous processes. The metabolic rates of this active nektonic species (145 ml kg-1 h-1 oxygen uptake, 18.56 μg g-1 h-1 ammonia excretion) are distinctly higher than those of benthic cephalopods. Proteins constitute the main metabolic substrate for energetic needs. Besides ammonia, urea is also continuously released, in amounts ranging from 5 to 16% of ammonia-excretion values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 413-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abralia trigonura is a small squid that is an important member of the mesopelagic boundary community around Hawaii. Squids were aged by examining statolith growth increments, and various reproductive parameters were measured. Female longevity is ∼6 mo, and they become sexually mature at ∼3.5 mo. Male longevity is the same, but they become sexually mature at ∼2.5 mo. This species appears to be a multiple spawner, and peculiarities in the number of eggs found in the oviducts suggests that they spawn every few days. Possible advantages of this reproductive mode are examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 19 (1973), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The problems of reproduction of Octopus vulgaris and the seasonal distribution in the sea of planktonic larvae, benthonic juveniles and adults are discussed. The influence of environmental factors on growth is shown by experimental studies in the laboratory, and the difficulties of interpreting field data are emphazised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several tissues (e.g. kidney, blood, digestive gland) in oceanic cephalopods which do not exhibit in vivo bioluminescence, luminesce when homogenized in the presence of air or when simply exposed to air in a vial (blood). The source of the luminescence appears to be a luciferin: treatment of kidney homogenates and blood with a photophore extract presumably containing luciferase resulted in a 20-fold increase in light production. Luminescence was also found in the renal fluid, which may be the source of luminescent clouds produced by squids. The variability in luminescence found in some tissues of cephalopods appeared to be related to feeding. Luminescence was also detected in the digestive glands of midwater octopods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The luminescent flashing capabilities and swimming behavior were examined for two species of small midwater squids (Pterygioteuthis microlampas and P. giardi). Recently captured squid were placed in a small aquarium, where their movements and luminescent flashes could be recorded with an image intensifier, a photomultiplier tube and associated equipment. Flashing behavior was initiated by disturbing the squid with an eletrical shock. The following 4 behaviors were observed: (1) a short flash and a rapid departure from the electrode; (2) a short flash and a delayed, slow departure from the electrode; (3) a longer flash persisting after a rapid departure from the electrode; (4) a longer flash when departure was prevented by continuing the shock. Luminescent flashes probably have a general defensive function, discouraging or disrupting an attack by potential predators, and within this context there may exist numerous strategies involving flashes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 86 (1985), S. 193-197 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia excretion was investigated in relation to oxygen consumption during a feeding regime and during shortterm starvation in two mature male Octopus vulgaris, trawled in spring 1983 off Banyuls-sur-mer. In our study, ammonia excretion is taken to include renal and gill loss. The excretion of primary amines was also studied, but proved to be negligible under our experimental conditions. Ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are repetitive linear processes over 1 to 2 h incubation periods at 15° to 16°C, in both fed and starved conditions. Starvation induces a decline in ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption and an increase in the atomic O:N ratio, suggesting that O. vulgaris uses up other reserves (lipids) before utilizing an exclusively protein substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 225 (1978), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Akne ; Hirsutismus ; Seborrhoe ; Cyproteronazetat ; Zyklus ; Acne ; Hirsutism ; Seborrhea ; Cyproterone acetate ; Menstrual cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effectiveness of therapy with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol was studied in 103 women. Acne and seborrhea responded best with 91.7 and 93.3% respectively, including complete and partial therapeutic success. For hirsutism complete remission and partial improvement were found in 75.3% of the treated women. Under therapy, body weight did not change in 51.9%, while 24.7% of the patients gained weight and 23.4% lost weight. The cycle length remained normal after therapy in 35.8%. Normalization or improvement was found in 54.7%. In 6.3% no improvement was noted after therapy and in 3.2% cycle irregularity developed in women with previous undisturbed pattern. According to BBT, improvement of the functional capacity of the reproductive system was found in 32.9% of the patients. Only 3% of the women studied demonstrated a deterioration. The 17-ketosteroid excretion was diminished in 35.3% after therapy and remained unchanged in 64.7%. The therapeutic regimen used for the study was well tolerated and good cycle control was obtained.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Therapieerfolg einer Kombination von Cyproteronazetat und Äthinylöstradiol wurde bei 103 Frauen untersucht. Akne und Seborrhoe sprachen in 91,7 bzw. 93,3% am besten an. Beim Hirsutismus wurde eine komplette Remission oder teilweise Verbesserung in 75,3% beobachtet. Unter Therapie änderte sich das Körpergewicht in 51,9% nicht, während 24,7% der Patientinnen eine Gewichtszunahme und 23,4% eine Gewichtsabnahme aufwiesen. Die Zykluslänge war vor und nach Therapie in 35,8% unverändert, eine Verbesserung wurde in 54,7% festgestellt. Nur in 3,2% traten Zyklusunregelmäßigkeiten auf. Entsprechend den geführten Basaltemperaturkurven kam es bei 32,9% der Frauen zu einer Verbesserung des Zyklusablaufes. Nur bei 3,2% trat eine Verschlechterung auf. Die 17-Ketosteroidausscheidung war nach Therapie bei 37,3% geringer als vor der Therapie und bei 64,7% der Frauen blieb sie unverändert. Dosis und Anwendungsdauer erwiesen sich als günstig und eine gute Zykluskontrolle wurde erreicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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