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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    JKK1, an upstream activator of JNK/SAPK, is activated in Alzheimer's disease (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 85 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: JNK/SAPK has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but the upstream cascade leading to JNK/SAPK activation has not been elucidated in the disease. In this study, we focused on one of the physiological activators of JNK/SAPK, JNK kinase 1 (JKK1). Although there was no significant difference in the level and distribution of total JKK1 between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched control cases, increased levels of activated phospho-JKK1 were specifically localized to neurofibrillary pathology including neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaque neurites, granulovaualar degenerations and neuropil threads in severe AD (Braak stage V–VI), considerably overlapping with its downstream effector, phospho-JNK/SAPK, suggesting both a functional and mechanistic link. Nuclear localization of phospho-JKK1 was also found in mild (Braak stage III–IV) but not in severe AD cases (Braak stage V–VI), suggesting a possible re-distribution correlating with the progress of the disease. By immunoblot analyses, phospho-JKK1 was significantly increased in AD over control cases. Together, these findings lend further credence to the notion that the JNK/SAPK pathway is dysregulated in AD and also indicate an active role for this pathway in disease pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01645.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroprotective properties of Bcl-w in Alzheimer disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 89 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While there is a host of pro-apoptotic stimuli that target neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD), given the chronicity of the disease and the survival of many neurons, those neurons must either avoid or, at minimum, delay apoptotic death signaling. In this study, we investigated Bcl-w, a novel member of the Bcl-2 family that promotes cell survival. In AD, we found increased levels of Bcl-w associated with neurofibrillary pathology and punctate intracytoplasmic structures whereas, in marked contrast, there are only low diffuse levels of Bcl-w in the neuronal cytoplasm of age-matched control cases. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that Bcl-w levels were significantly increased in AD. By electron microscopy, we determined that the increased Bcl-w expression in AD was ultrastructurally localized to mitochondria and neurofibrillary pathology. To investigate the cause and consequence of Bcl-w up-regulation in neurons, we found that fibrillized amyloid-β led to increased Bcl-w protein levels in M17 human neuroblastoma cells, and that overexpression of Bcl-w significantly protected neurons against staurosporine- and amyloid-β-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these series of results suggest that Bcl-w may play an important protective role in neurons in the diseased brain and that this aspect could be therapeutically harnessed to afford neuroprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02416.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful treatment of primary aldosteronism due to computed tomography-negative microadenoma (2003)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of aldosterone-producing microadenoma that was correctly diagnosed and thus treated less invasively by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. A 58-year-old woman presented with palpitation and muscular weakness. She exhibited hypertension, hypokalemia and increased aldosterone excretion with suppressed renin activity. Therefore, primary aldosteronism was suggested. Although adrenal scintigram and computed tomography findings in the adrenal glands were normal, adrenal venous sampling tests indicated an overproduction of aldosterone in the right adrenal gland. We diagnosed an aldosterone-producing microadenoma in the right adrenal gland and performed an adrenalectomy. The patient became normotensive postoperatively and histopathological examination demonstrated a microadenoma, 5 mm in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00674.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization of human renal cell carcinoma cell lines to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by anthracyclines (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family. The present study investigated whether anthracyclines enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells.Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured using the microtiter assay. Apoptosis was monitored using DNA ladder analysis. Caspase activity was determined using a quantitative colorimetric assay.Results: Treatment of ACHN and Caki-1 human RCC lines with TRAIL, in combination with subtoxic concentrations of epirubicin (EPI) or pirarubicin (THP), enhanced induction of apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Sequential treatment with EPI followed by TRAIL induced significantly more cytotoxicity than the inverse treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of TRAIL and EPI was significantly inhibited by the TRAIL-neutralizing fusion protein DR5:Fc, although EPI did not affect the mRNA expression of DR4, DR5, DcR1 or DcR2. The combination treatment with TRAIL and EPI activated caspase-6 and -3, which were downstream molecules of the death receptor. Furthermore, the combined cytotoxicity of TRAIL and EPI was almost completely inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK, and partly inhibited by Ac-DMQD-CHO.Conclusion: These findings indicate that anthracyclines sensitize RCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity through activation of caspases, suggesting that TRAIL, in combination with anthracyclines, has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of RCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2003.00766.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaphylaxis following administration of intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate in a renal transplant recipient (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS) is widely used in the management of renal transplantation. Of interest is the rare occurrence of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction to MPS. We report on a patient who developed anaphylaxis following the intravenous administration of MPS during a renal transplant operation. Intracutaneous testing was carried out with MPS and a strong positive reaction was observed. Histamine and tryptase concentrations were high after the anaphylactic reaction. Including the present case, there have been 13 reports of anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to MPS, occurring in renal transplant recipients. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of MPS administration. If transplant patients undergo skin testing against MPS prior to transplant, they may benefit from an alternative medication with other corticosteroids. To use MPS without severe adverse reactions, lower administration rates and dosages are very important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2003.00769.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Per-operative frozen section examination of pelvic nodes is unnecessary for the majority of clinically localized prostate cancers in the prostate-specific antigen era (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The incidence of unsuspected lymph node metastasis seems to be decreasing in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era. It remains controversial as to whether routine pelvic lymph node dissection and per-operative frozen section examination should be performed. In addition, it is still unclear whether an aggressive approach to local disease by surgery or irradiation confers survival benefits on stage D1 patients. Methods : Eighty-eight consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection prior to radical prostatectomy during the period between 1985 and 1998 were analyzed. The incidence of lymph node metastases after 1992 was compared with that before 1992. Sensitivity and specificity of frozen section examination was assessed. Progression-free survival and cause-specific survival curves of node-positive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results : Six of 17 patients (35.3%) treated before 1992 and five of 71 patients (7.0%) treated after 1992 showed unsuspected lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0059). Eight of 11 node-positive patients underwent radical prostatectomy and two have so far demonstrated clinical progression and cancer death with a median follow-up period of 63 months. The 5 year progression-free rate and the cause-specific survival rate for these patients were 71.4 and 85.7%, respectively. Sensitivity of frozen section examination for micrometastasis and gross-metastasis cases, respectively, was 3/6 (50%) and 4/4 (100%), while specificity was 85/85 (100%). Conclusions : The incidence of unsuspected lymph node metastases has been significantly decreased in the PSA era. Frozen section examination of pelvic nodes can be omitted and radical prostatectomy is an acceptable choice of treatment in patients without macroscopically apparent nodal metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00191.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Living related renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease after liver transplantation from a brain-dead donor (2003)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report a case in which a living related renal transplantation was successfully performed for end-stage renal disease that had progressed after a liver transplantation from a brain-dead donor for liver cirrhosis associated with type C hepatitis. Because the transplanted liver function had been excellent with the use of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, the same immunosuppressive agents with prednisolone were employed for the renal transplantation. Both grafts are functioning well without recurrence of hepatitis at 10 months after the renal transplantation. From our experience, renal transplantation should not be contraindicated even if the patient has undergone liver transplantation or has hepatitis C viral infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00699.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Bilateral Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a case of bilateral (2.4-cm left and 6.5-cm right) adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 27-year-old man that was treated by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The patient had no evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II. The left adrenalectomy was performed first, with the patient in a semilateral position, and then the patient was turned before the procedure was begun on the right side. His postoperative convalescence was uneventful, and he continues corticosteroid replacement therapy. Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be a safe procedure for bilateral pheochromocytoma, if the patients are carefully selected and the procedures are performed by experienced laparoscopists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1997.tb00194.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995 (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background The changes over time of the annual incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995 were analyzed.Methods Data on lower urinary tract calculi were abstracted from the past three nationwide surveys of urolithiasis, which covered nearly all major hospitals and urologists in Japan and enumerated all outpatient visits diagnosed as urolithiasis in the years 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Chronological changes in the sex- and age-related annual incidences of lower urinary tract stones and stone composition were estimated.Results Lower urinary tract stones were predominant in men 60 years of age or older. Between 1965 and 1995, the annual incidence has significantly decreased in men ≥ 60 years of age from 37.2 to 27.0 per 100 000 and significantly increased in women ≥ 60 years of age from 2.4 to 4.8 per 100 000. In men, an increased proportion of uric acid and calcium stones as well as a decreased frequency of infection stones is a phenomenon common to upper urinary tract stones. However, infection and calcium stones have been two major stone types in women.Conclusions In contrast to upper urinary tract calculi, the incidence of lower urinary tract stones has decreased over the last 30 years in men ≥ 60 years of age predisposed to this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00229.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telomerase activity in urine after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer and early recurrence (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : To explore the relationship between telomerase activity in urine after transurethral resection (TUR) of superficial bladder cancer and early intravesical recurrence. Methods : Urine samples were obtained from 42 patients with superficial bladder cancers prior to TUR and on the postoperative day 1 and day 6. These patients were followed-up prospectively by cystoscopy at 3 and 6 months after TUR in combination with urinary cytology and telomerase activity. Telomerase activity in the urine was assessed by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Results : Urinary telomerase activity prior to TUR was positive in 24 (57%) of the 42 patients. On the postoperative day 1 and day 6, positive urinary telomerase activity was seen in 13 (31%) and nine (21%) patients, respectively. Postoperative urinary telomerase activity on either day 1 or day 6 was significantly associated with pre-operative urinary telomerase activity status (P = 0.0024). Fifteen patients showed intravesical tumor recurrence at 3 months cystoscopic check-up and an additional nine had recurred at the 6 months check-up. Recurrence rate within 6 months in patients with pre-operative positive urinary telomerase activity was similar to that in those with negative activity (58.3 vs 58.8%). However, recurrence rate at 3 months for patients with positive activity was higher than that of those with negative activity (50 vs 17.7%), in 23 patients treated only by TUR. Conclusions : Presence of cells positive for telomerase activity in urine after TUR of superficial bladder cancer indicates persistently existing cancer cells in the urine. It is, however, not a sole predictor of the early intravesical recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00178.x
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